方槽型纵骨船舶抗冰结构冰撞动响应实验研究

针对船舶冰区航行受冰体撞击结构损伤问题,以一种涉冰带船肩处船体板架结构为原型,提出了一种方槽型纵骨船舶抗冰结构型式。利用落锤冲击实验测试系统,对抗冰和原型加筋板架在相同冰体撞击工况下的结构动响应进行了实验研究,采用MSC.Dytran程序对板架受冰体撞击过程开展数值模拟,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,相同冰体撞击工况下,抗冰板架结构产生的撞击力比原型板架略大,冰体造成的抗冰板架结构最大凹陷深度小于原型板架。从船体外板结构损伤程度及对船体内部构件、设备防护作用的角度考虑,抗冰结构较原型具有一定的抗冰效果。研究成果可为冰区航行船或破冰船的抗冰结构设计提供参考。

磁流体方腔槽道流整体线性稳定性数值方法研究

将Chebyshev谱配置法和基于非均匀网格的高阶FD-q差分格式运用于磁流体方腔槽道流整体线性稳定性研究,比较两类数值方法的优缺点.Chebyshev谱配置法收敛快且精度高,但需要构造非常庞大的满矩阵,存储量和计算开销巨大;高阶FD-q差分格式采用了基于Kosloff-Tal-Ezer变换的Chebyshev谱配置点作为离散网格,在保持较高网格收敛精度的同时,差分格式可以采用稀疏矩阵进行存储,显著降低了存储量和计算开销.相比传统的谱配置法,基于非均匀网格的高阶FD-q差分格式计算效率得到显著的提升,将高阶FD-q差分格式运用于非正则模线性最优瞬态增长的计算,计算效果良好.

直方槽道内两相流动中颗粒的趋壁行为

采用大涡模拟方法研究上行直方槽道中的气粒两相流动过程。模拟结果表明:在流向横截面上气相流动存在明显的二次流现象,预报的气相平均速度与直接数值模拟DN S的结果相吻合。受气相二次流的作用,颗粒在垂直于流动方向存在扩散。模拟了入口横截面上4个典型位置上颗粒的横向扩散,结果表明在直方槽道中心附近的颗粒基本不扩散,而在壁面附近的颗粒存在不同程度的趋壁行为。对颗粒的趋壁速率进行统计发现,颗粒的趋壁速率随粒径的增大而减小,且颗粒的趋壁行为导致颗粒在槽道壁面附近及边角区富集。

直方槽道中重力对颗粒相二次流的影响

采用Eulerian／Lagrangian方法模拟直方槽道中气粒两相流动过程。气相采用大涡模拟方法,直接求解大尺度涡运动,小尺度涡采用标准的Smagorinsky亚格子模式模拟,壁面采用幂次率应力模型代替无滑移边界条件。颗粒相采用轨道模型求解。大涡模拟预报的气相平均速度与DNS结果相吻合。结果表明,在直方槽道流向截面,气相存在二次流现象。受气相二次流的作用,颗粒相也存在类似于气相的二次流现象,并考察了重力对颗粒相二次流的影响。

粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块砌体力学性能试验研究

采用强度等级相同而构造形式不同的粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块的砌体进行抗压、抗剪性能试验,研究不同构造形式粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块砌体的基本力学性能和破坏特征。结果表明:开槽砌块砌体有利于推迟裂缝的出现,破坏荷载值也有所提高,方槽比圆槽提高砌体抗压性能效果略好,圆槽砌块比方槽砌块更有利于砌体抗剪。

粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块墙体抗剪性能试验研究

通过对多片粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块墙体进行抗剪试验,研究了强度等级相同而外型不同的粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块砌筑的配筋墙体、无筋墙体的抗剪性能及其破坏特征,为粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块作为承重墙体材料应用提供试验依据。

CAD平台非内建几何元素信息分析和拾取

在CAD平台中利用平台提供的基本功能就可以方便实现内建几何信息的分析和拾取工作,但对于非内建几何来说,几何数据分析和元素拾取工作就不易实现.本文阐述在HOOPS\ACIS平台下实现非内建几何元素信息的分析和拾取的方法,以非内建几何方槽为例,简述了具体实现思路.

Modified Reynolds Equation for Squeeze-Film Air Damping of Slotted Plates in MEMS Devices

A differential equation for calculating squeeze-film air damping in slotted plates is developed by modifying the Reynolds equation. A term is added to account for the effect of airflow through the slots on the air damping of the plate. The end effect of the airflow in the slots is also treated by substituting an effective channel length for the geometric channel length （i. e. the thickness of the plate）..The damping pressure distribution, damping force, and damping force coefficient of the slotted plates can be found by solving the equation under appropriate boundary conditions. With restrictions on the thickness and the lateral dimensions of the slotted plate removed,the equation provides a useful tool for analysing the squeeze-film air damping effect of slotted plates with finite thickness and finite lateral dimensions. For a typical slotted plate structure, the damping force coefficient obtained by this equation agrees well with that generated by ANSYS.

WAVE TRANSFORMATION AND BREAKING OVER A RECTANGULAR STEP

An idealized numerical wave flume has been established by finite element method on the bases of Navier Stokes equations through prescribing the appropriate boundary conditions for the open boundary,incident boundary,free surface and solid boundary in this paper.The characteristics of waves propagating over a step have been investigated by this numerical model.The breaker wave height is determined depending on the kinetic criterion.The numerical model is verified by laboratory experiments,and the empirical formula for the damping of wave height due to breaking is also given by experiments.

Simulation of Solid Suspension in a Stirred Tank Using CFD-DEM Coupled Approach＊

Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM) coupled approach was employed to simulate the solid suspension behavior in a Rushton stirred tank with consideration of transitional and rotational motions of millions of particles with complex interactions with liquid and the rotating impeller. The simulations were satisfactorily validated with experimental data in literature in terms of measured particle velocities in the tank.Influences of operating conditions and physical properties of particles(i.e., particle diameter and density) on the two-phase flow field in the stirred tank involving particle distribution, particle velocity and vortex were studied.The wide distribution of particle angular velocity ranging from 0 to 105r·min 1is revealed. The Magnus force is comparable to the drag force during the particle movement in the tank. The strong particle rotation will generate extra shear force on the particles so that the particle morphology may be affected, especially in the bio-/polymer-product related processes. It can be concluded that the CFD-DEM coupled approach provides a theoretical way to understand the physics of particle movement in micro- to macro-scales in the solid suspension of a stirred tank.

Field application of non-blasting mechanized mining using high-frequency impact hammer in deep hard rock mine

A non-blasting mechanized mining experiment was carried out with a high-frequency impact hammer,and the daily mining performance was recorded to explore the applicability of the high-frequency impact hammer in deep hard rock mines.Before the field application,the scope of the excavation damage zone was monitored,and rock samples were obtained from the ore body to be mined to carry out a series of laboratory experiments.Field application results show that the overall excavation efficiency reaches 50.6 t/h,and the efficiency of pillar excavation after excavating stress relief slot reaches 158.2 t/h.The results indicate that the non-blasting mechanized mining using high-frequency impact hammer has a good application in deep hard rock mines,and the stress relief slot is conducive to mechanical excavation.In addition,the high-frequency impact hammer also exhibits the advantages of high utilization rate of labor hours,small lumpiness of spalling ore,little dust,and little excavation damage.Finally,according to the field application and laboratory experiment results,a non-blasting mechanized mining method for hard rock mines based on high-frequency impact hammer is proposed.

A Simple Lumped Mass Model to Describe Velocity of Granular Flows in a Large Flume

This paper presents a lumped mass model to describe the run-out and velocity of a series of large flume tests,which was carried out to investigate some propagation mechanisms involved in rapid,dry,dense granular flows and energy transformation when the flows encountered obstacles and reoriented their movement directions.Comparisons between predicted and measured results show that the trend of predicted velocities was basically matched with that of measured ones.Careful scrutiny of test videos reveals that subsequent particles with a higher velocity collided with slowed fronts to make them accelerate. However,this simple model cannot reflect collisions between particles because it treated released materials as a rigid block.Thus,the predicted velocity was somewhat lower than the measured velocity in most cases.When the flow changed its direction due to the variation in slope inclination,the model predicted a decrease in velocity.The predicted decrease in velocity was less than the measured one within a reasonable range of 10% or less.For some cases in which a convexity was introduced,the model also predicted the same trend of velocities as measured in the tests.The velocity increased greatly after the materials took a ballistic trajectory from the vertex of the convexity,and reduced dramatically when they finally made contact with the base of the lower slope.The difference between prediced and measured decrease in velocity was estimated to be about 5% due to the landing.Therefore,the simple lumped mass model based on the energy approach could roughly predict the run-out and velocity of granular flows,although it neglected internal deformation,intergranular collision and friction.

Optimal design for buckets layout based on muck removal analysis of TBM cutterhead

The layout of the buckets for tunnel boring machine(TBM)directly affects the muck removal efficiency of cutterhead during excavation.In order to improve the muck removal performance for TBM,the optimal design of bucket layout was investigated.The whole muck transfer process was simulated by discrete-element method(DEM),including the muck falling,colliding,pilling up,shoveling and transferring into the hopper.The muck model was established based on size distribution analysis of muck samples from the water-supply tunnel project in Jilin Province,China.Then,the influence of the bucket number and the interval angle between buckets on muck removal performance was investigated.The results indicated that,as the number of buckets increased from four to eight,the removed muck increased by 29%and the residual volume decreased by 40.5%,and the process became steadier.Different interval angles between buckets were corresponding to different removed muck irregularly,but the residual muck number increased generally with the angles.The optimal layout of buckets for the cutterhead in this tunnel project was obtained based on the simulation results,and the muck removal performance of the TBM was verified by the actual data in the engineering construction.

STUDY ON RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE GRATING SLOW-WAVE STRUCTURE WITH COSINE-SHAPED GROOVES

This paper focuses on a new rectangular waveguide grating Slow-Wave Structure (SWS) with cosine-shaped grooves and studies the propagation characteristics of the wave in the SWS. By using the approximate field-matching conditions,the dispersion equation and the coupling impedance of this circuit are obtained. The dispersion curves and coupling impedances of the fundamental wave are calculated and the influences of the various geometrical dimensions are discussed. The results show that the bandwidth of the cosine-shaped groove SWS is much wider than that of rectangular-shaped groove one. And reducing the groove width can broaden the frequency-band and decrease the phase-velocity,while increment of the groove-depth can also decrease phase-velocity. For above cases,the coupling impedance is more than 16Ω. The present analysis will be helpful on further study and design of the RF systems used in millimeter wave Traveling Wave Tube (TWT).

Comparison of structure and physical fields in 400 kA aluminum reduction cells

To investigate the differences and the development trends of the 400 kA aluminum reduction cell, four representative cells were deeply analyzed. By using numerical simulation methods in ANSYS software, the structure parameters were firstly compared, and then three-dimensional models of electric-magnetic-flow field were built and solved with finite element method(FEM). The comparison of the structures reveals that the cell bodies are similar while the current flow path and distribution ratio of bus bars are different. It appears that most of the current(70%-80%) in side A are used as the magnetic field compensation current and flow through two ends. The numerical simulation results indicate that the distributions of magnetic fields are different but all satisfy with the magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) stabilization, and the flow patterns are all two or multi vortexes with appropriate velocities. The comparison shows that all studied cells can satisfy with the physical field requirement, and the commercial applications also verify that the 400 kA cells have become the product of the mature and world's leading technology.

Evaluation of the heat transfer performance of helical coils of non-circular tubes

This study addresses heat transfer performance of various configurations of coiled non-circular tubes, e.g., in-plane spiral ducts, helical spiral ducts, and conical spiral ducts. The laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in helical coils made of square cross section tubes is simulated using the computational fluid dynamic approach. The effects of tube Reynolds number, fluid Prandtl number, coil diameter, etc., are quantified and discussed. Both constant wall temperature and constant heat flux conditions are simulated. The effect of in-plane coil versus a cylindrical design of constant coil, as well as a conical coil design is discussed. Results are compared with those for a straight square tube of the same length as that used to form the coils. Advantages and limitations of using coiled tubes are discussed in light of the numerical results.

Investigation on film cooling characteristics from a row of converging slot-holes on flat plate

Experimental and numerical researches were conducted to investigate the cooling performance of a single row of consoles （converging slot-hole） on a large-scale flat-plate model. The results show that the coolant flow from a row of consoles shows good lateral uniformity of adiabatic effectiveness, with regions of slightly enhanced cooling occurring between the consoles. For the console cooling geometry, the interaction between coolant jet from inclined console and the mainstream flow results in reasonable vortices configuration. A pair of counter rotating vortices originate from the edge of slot, not from the centerline of film holes and the rotating direction is contrary to conventional cylindrical hole. The heat transfer coefficient ratio is a tittle bigger for the console case than conventional cylindrical hole, and the discharge coefficient for a console is larger than that for cylindrical film cooling hole.

Enhancing the electric fields around the nanorods by using metal grooves

To enhance electric fields around nanorods,a Ag nanorod-groove system is presented and its electric field distribution is studied using the finite difference time domain method.Since the superposition of the electric fields of the split multi-beam of light works as excitation for electron oscillations in the nanorods,enhanced electric fields occur around the nanorods.In addition,the effects of topological parameters of the nanorod-groove system,such as the oblique angle of the groove,displacement of the nanorod to the bottom of the groove,and separation between the nanorods on electric field distributions are also studied.These results may be helpful for designing substrates to obtain larger electric fields around nanorods.