土地利用结构优化配置方法研究综述

土地利用结构优化是土地利用总体规划的核心内容,是实现土地资源可持续利用的重要手段,是目前研究的一个热点问题.在对国内外土地利用结构优化方法进行回顾的基础上,系统地分析了不同土地利用结构优化方法的优缺点.分析表明:对土地利用结构数量优化的方法趋于成熟;对土地利用空间结构优化的方法选择还有很大的发展前景;将土地利用结构的数量优化、空间优化、效益优化有机地结合起来是未来土地利用结构优化研究方法的发展趋势.

宿根花卉在园林绿化中的应用与展望研究

园林绿化可改善当地的生态环境,提高城市的绿化率,以期打造一个生态、绿色的居住空间,进而提升城市的美观度。宿根花卉大多为耐寒植株,不仅能凸显出多彩的园林空间,并且花卉繁殖、管理较为简便,还能实现“三季有花”的要求。基于此,本文就宿根花卉在园林绿化中的应用特色、原则、方法进行分析,并探讨宿根花卉的展望前景。

生化药注射剂的质量评价策略与技术要点

生化药注射剂具有生物多样性和组成不确定性的特点,是风险较高的一类品种。该文从国内制剂现状和相关技术法规要求方面,阐述了生化药注射剂的评价策略,并对该类制剂的质量评价要点和技术方法展望进行了分析和总结,以期为生化药注射剂一致性评价或再评价工作的开展提供参考。

红船精神研究:文献回顾与进路审视

红船精神研究发端于2005年习近平同志对红船精神的提炼。研究集中在红船精神的生成、内涵、地位、价值、传承和比较研究等几个方面。还存在研究时间较短、偏区域化、学理研究有待深入、学术影响力仍需扩展等不足,需要运用学理研究与宣传阐释相结合、政治性与学术性相结合、历史研究与现实探讨相结合、个体性与群体性研究相结合以及地域维度与全国意义相结合的研究方法寻求突破。

浅议高层建筑结构抗震设计

文章针对影响高层建筑结构抗震效果的因素、高层建筑结构抗震设计的方法以及高层建筑结构抗震设计的展望三个方面的内容进行了详细的分析和探讨,从而详细的论述了如何做好高层建筑结构的抗震设计工作。

数字图像处理技术综述

简要介绍了数字图像处理技术的概念、应用现状及发展趋势,阐述了数字图像处理技术应用的主要方法和未来的发展方向,概述了数字图像处理技术的应用领域。

Measuring Herbage Mass by Non-Destructive Methods： A Review

Accurate assessment of herbage mass （HM） in pasture is a key to budgeting forage in grazing systems worldwide. Different non-destructive techniques to measuring pasture yield are commented. The methods compared include visual estimations, manual and electronic pasture meters and remote sensing. All methods are associated with a moderate to high error, showing that some indirect methods of yield estimation are appropriate under most appropriate because many factors as climate variations, soil certain conditions. In general terms, no method was found as the characteristics, plant phenology, pasture management and species composition must be taken into account to make local calibrations from a general model. Best results were found modifying general methods under local calibrations and under local conditions. In order to give farmers the best method to manage adequately their own grazing systems, researchers must select the most suitable technique considering the scale of operation, the desired accuracy and the resources available.

计划免疫安全实施的方法与展望

人类免疫系统的发育始于胚胎早期，至出生时尚未完善，随着年龄的增长达到成人的水平，故小儿特别是婴幼儿处于生理免疫低下状态，各种疾病尤其是急性传染病的感染几率大，严重危害着儿童的身体健康。传染病的防治主要针对以下三个环节：控制和隔离传染源、切断传播途径、提高人群的免疫水平。计划免疫的实施的结果是提高人群的免疫水平。通过多年来的实践证明，在防治疾病的措施中，特别是对疫苗可以预防的疾病来说，计划免疫是一项最简便、最易行、最经济、最有效的预防手段。．

Wetland Economic Valuation Approaches and Prospects in China

Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being explicit. Economic valuation can help management by clarifying the full range of benefits and costs of proposed management actions. In the past two decades, economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services has become one of the most significant scientific priorities for wetland protection. In this paper, we provide an overview of ecosystem services, and summarize the main interdisciplinary approaches to measure and value wetland ecosystem services. We identified four main methodological gaps preventing progress on wetland valuation of ecosystem services in China, which are: 1) confusion on terminology like intermediate and final ecosystem services, 2) lack of ecological production functions to link ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services, 3) static valuation making it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and 4) lack of clear guidance on relating ecological compensation programs to conservation targets. Overcoming these gaps is important to inform wetland compensation mechanisms and conservation policies. We propose future research on wetland ecosystem services in China should be focused on: 1) defining final ecosystem services based on beneficiary preferences and underlying biophysical mechanisms, 2) establishing wetland monitoring programs at specific sites to collect data on final ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem characteristic metrics to create ecological production functions for economic valuation and rescaling techniques, and 3) incorporating wetland ecosystem service values into decision-making processes to inform wetland management.

Research Methods of Water Resources Carrying Capacity: Progress and Prospects

The study of water resources carrying capacity（WRCC）,a major component of resources and environment carrying capacity（RECC）,began relatively recently. However,WRCC has witnessed a rapid development in terms of concept,calculation methods,and empirical research in recent years. WRCC has become an important criterion for rational development and utilization of regional water resources. This paper first briefly reviews the development process of WRCC. It then evaluates and contrasts the representative research methods of conventional trend（CT）,system dynamics（SD）,multi-objective model analysis（MOMA）,comprehensive evaluation（CE）,and dynamic simulation recursive（DSR）. The results show that although there are various methods of WRCC,the major methods used have become out-of-date and stagnant,and new more sophisticated methods and technologies are lacking. Specifically,our analysis found that the index system,scientific robustness and comprehensiveness of evaluation criteria of current research methods are insufficient and need to be improved. In addition,the dynamic research of WRCC should receive more attention,and it requires further study to make it more applicable to real-world uses. Finally,a set of monitoring and early warning systems should be established and applied in demonstration areas to meet the urgent needs of water resource management in the new era.

Generic Issues on Broad-Scale Soil Monitoring Schemes: A Review

Numerous scientific challenges arise when designing a soil monitoring network (SMN), especially when assessing large areas and several properties that are driven by numerous controlling factors of various origins and scales. Different broad approaches to the establishment of SMNs are distinguished. It is essential to establish an adequate sampling protocol that can be applied rigorously at each sampling location and time. We make recommendations regarding the within-site sampling of soil. Different statistical methods should be associated with the different types of sampling design. We review new statistical methods that account for different sources of uncertainty. Except for those parameters for which a consensus exists, the question of testing method harmonisation remains a very difficult issue. The establishment of benchmark sites devoted to harmonisation and inter-calibration is advocated as a technical solution. However, to our present knowledge, no study has addressed crucial scientific issues such as how many calibration sites are necessary and how to locate them.

Challenges and perspectives of combustion chemistry research

In the past decades, combustion chemistry research grew rapidly due to the development of combustion diagnostic methods,quantum chemistry methods, kinetic theory, and computational techniques. A lot of kinetic models have been developed for fuels from hydrogen to transportation fuel surrogates. Besides, multi-scale research method has been widely adopted to develop comprehensive models, which are expected to cover combustion conditions in real combustion devices. However, critical gaps still remain between the laboratory research and real engine application due to the insufficient research work on high pressure and low temperature combustion chemistry. Besides, there is also a great need of predictive pollutant formation model. Further development of combustion chemistry research depends on a closer interaction of combustion diagnostics, theoretical calculation and kinetic model development. This paper summarizes the recent progress in combustion chemistry research briefly and outlines the challenges and perspectives.

阐述高层建筑结构抗震设计的探讨

随着我国经济的发展,高层建筑越来越多.高层建筑结构的设计,目前很多设计人员过多依赖计算机软件,对高层建筑结构的抗震设计从理论上并没有从真正意义上去掌握和应用.因此,本文主要针对其高层建筑结构的抗震设计根据以下几点进行了详细的分析：影响高层建筑结构抗震效果的因素、高层建筑结构抗震设计的方法、我国高层建筑抗震设计中的一些问题和高层建筑结构抗震设计的展望.