论法律方法的异化及其成因——兼析司法过程中司法资源的市场化配置

司法过程中的法律方法是在司法实践基础上所作的理论总结,而不是单纯地依据法学理论进行的逻辑归纳。笔者对目前法学理论界持有的法律方法必然具有正当属性的观点表示质疑,原创性的提出在具体的司法实践中法律方法的异化问题,并剖析其异化的基本形态及成因。同时,从社会信息经济学的视角论证法律方法的异化现象与司法资源交易行为的辩证关系,指出二者的相互依存、相互转化、相互促进必然会导致司法资源的市场化配置和运作,形成司法方法的制度性腐败。

论异化方法在社会历史研究中的作用

异化方法是指这样一种认识社会历史的方法:肯定有某种抽象的、固有的、完美的、真正的人性或人的本质的存在;在人类社会的某一发展阶段,这种人性或人的本质发生了异化,原来的人异化为“非人”、“假人”;而在人类社会的未来阶段,异化将被清除或扬弃,这种人性或人的本质得到复归,从“非人”、“假人”复归于“真人”。简言之。

关于概率论与数理统计课程线上"差异化”教学方法的初探

“《概率论与数理统计》是一门研究和探索客观世界随机现象规律的数学学科。它以随机现象为研究对象,是数学的分支学科,在金融、保险、经济与企业管理、工农业生产、医学、地质学、气象与自然灾害预报等等方面都起到非常重要的作用。”现代教学水平不断提升以及科技发展质量不断提高的现实情况之下,概率论与数理统计课程获得了空前的发展空间。一方面概率论与数理统计课程能够依托现代互联网技术,依托大数据精确的数据分析以及多方面的优势来进行相关问题的探究。另一方面,概率论与数理统计课程在整体的教育体系当中难度较大,所以教师引导学生展开知识学习活动的时候往往困难也比较多,但是借助现代科技手段的优势也能够最大限度的突破传统教学当中的局限性,真正意义上实现专业化的概率论与数理统计课程人才培养。差异化的教学方法,强调针对不同学习情况的学生来进行分类,根据学生的实际学习情况来进行对应的教学方法设计,这能够最大限度的立足于学生个体基础上来进行教学活动,更加有利于实施精细化的教学和个性化的人才培养。

法律方法论的意义

法律方法论对维护法治、防止专断、正确地应用法律有着积极的意义。法律方法论不是指那种纯粹逻辑技巧的综合,而是指从大的方面综合了法律价值、社会关系和法律文本的理解艺术。这种艺术虽然并不能完全保证判决结论的正确性,但可以提高判决的正确率。因而,我们既不能轻视法律方法的研究,也不能在实践中把其置于绝对的位置。法治建设需要法律方法论。

取长补短 相得益彰──从归化、异化谈翻译技法

翻译界历来对于在翻译中是使用异化法还是归化法有许多纷争 ,然而各翻译家在各自的翻译理论表述中又都无法否认异化和归化在翻译中互相不能取代的作用。文章从不同角度对异化和归化在翻译中的积极作用进行了分析 ,认为无论异化还是归化都是翻译中不可缺的翻译方法 ,将二者有机地结合起来才是译者所应采取地科学态度。

不动产婚内共同还贷及增值的差异化计算——兼谈对《婚姻法司法解释(三)》第十条的释明

从最高人民法院《婚姻法司法解释(三)》第十条"人民法院可以判决该不动产归产权登记一方,尚未归还的贷款为产权登记一方的个人债务。双方婚后共同还贷支付的款项及其相对应财产增值部分,离婚时应根据婚姻法第三十九条第一款规定的原则,由产权登记一方对另一方进行补偿"出发,分析了现有几种共同还贷及增值的计算方式之不足,在理解吸收这些方式的合理之处并加以完善的基础上,提出了简明的分步计算法,针对离婚时贷款尚未清偿完毕、购买不动产后经过一段时间才结婚等实际情况中出现的非理想情形提出了对共同还贷截止时间加以确定的方法,对相关法理基础进行了释明,对婚内共同还贷及增值的法律性质进行了解析。

WLAN网络差异化运营的探讨

WLAN网络是通过无线接入设备实现宽带无线覆盖的一种组网形式。本文从差异化方法在WLAN网络运营中的重要意义入手,从网络建设,网络维护和网络营销三个方面提出建议和思考,通过使用差异化方法,提升各项工作的效率和效果。

差异化教学在中职教学中的运用分析

中等职业教育是我国现代职业教育事业发展过程中的重要组成部分,在中等职业院校任课教师针对在校学生展开教学培养工作过程中,参考学生在学习基础水平层面和学习能力水平层面的差异性,将其划分成若干个层次,继而针对每一个具体层次的学生引入难度适宜的教学内容,且运用恰当的教学方法展开教学环节,确保全体中等职业院校在校学生,均能获取到显著且充分的学习提升。文章围绕差异化教学在中职生教学中的运用,展开简要的分析。

Study on algorithms of low SNR inversion of T_2 spectrum in NMR

The method of regularization factor selection determines stability and accuracy of the regularization method. A formula of regularization factor was proposed by analyzing the relationship between the improved SVD and regularization method. The improved SVD algorithm and regularization method could adapt to low SNR. The regularization method is better than the improved SVD in the case that SNR is below 30 and the improved SVD is better than the regularization method when SNR is higher than 30. The regularization method with the regularization factor proposed in this paper can be better applied into low SNR （5〈SNR） NMR logging. The numerical simulations and real NMR data process results indicated that the improved SVD algorithm and regularization method could adapt to the low signal to noise ratio and reduce the amount of computation greatly. These algorithms can be applied in NMR logging.

从目的论看《围城》中文化因素的翻译

翻译目的论认为,所有翻译遵循的首要法则就是整个翻译行为的目的,即目的决定方法。翻译不是纯语言的转换活动,它体现了不同文化之间的交流。因此,如何处理文化差异现象是不容忽视的问题。依据"目的法则",JeanneKelly和NathanK.Mao(茅国权)在《围城》的英译本中善于兼用归化和异化两种翻译策略来翻译文化词语,既符合英语的表达习惯,又保留了中国文化的特点,达到了两者的满意结合。

现有的比拟理论存在漏洞

比拟即异化，通过将“乙”的特征赋予“甲”．实现“甲”向“乙”的异化，从而达到提高表达效果的目的。陈望道先生说：“一切比拟……可以分作两类：……将人拟作物的，称为拟物；……将物拟作人的，称为拟人。”(《修辞学发凡》)后来有人注意到，比拟的异化事实上表现为三种情况，一是将“人”

《聊斋》中女鬼形象分析

《聊斋》中塑造了众多的女性形象,而将人异化为具有人类特性的花妖狐魅、虫鱼鸟兽则是其常用的一种艺术方法。前人称之为"聊斋说鬼狐,即以人事之伦次,百姓之性情说之"。而作者所塑造的众多异化形象也给人留下了深刻的印象。其中也不乏众多的鬼女形象,作者移情于鬼身,使之以特殊形态反应了人的性情,人的灵魂,同时也勾勒出了作者心目中的女性形象,寄托了作者的理想。

从目的论看林语堂英译《浮生六记》

翻译的"目的论"认为,所有翻译要遵循的首要法则就是"目的法则"。翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译行为的过程。由于译文预期达到的目的或功能不同,决定它在翻译过程中处理方法的不同。翻译不是纯语言的转换活动,它体现了不同文化之间的交流。因此,如何处理文化差异现象是不容忽视的问题。依据"目的法则",林语堂在《浮生六记》的英译本中善于兼用归化和异化的方法,既符合英语的表达习惯,又保留了中国文化的特点,达到了两者的满意结合。

A Heterogeneous Information Fusion Deep Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Frequency Selection of HF Communication

The high-frequency(HF) communication is one of essential communication methods for military and emergency application. However, the selection of communication frequency channel is always a difficult problem as the crowded spectrum, the time-varying channels, and the malicious intelligent jamming. The existing frequency hopping, automatic link establishment and some new anti-jamming technologies can not completely solve the above problems. In this article, we adopt deep reinforcement learning to solve this intractable challenge. First, the combination of the spectrum state and the channel gain state is defined as the complex environmental state, and the Markov characteristic of defined state is analyzed and proved. Then, considering that the spectrum state and channel gain state are heterogeneous information, a new deep Q network(DQN) framework is designed, which contains multiple sub-networks to process different kinds of information. Finally, aiming to improve the learning speed and efficiency, the optimization targets of corresponding sub-networks are reasonably designed, and a heterogeneous information fusion deep reinforcement learning(HIF-DRL) algorithm is designed for the specific frequency selection. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in channel prediction, jamming avoidance and frequency channel selection.

Purification of full-length human Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor:polyclonal antibody preparation for immunological characterization

Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor (PXR; or Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor, SXR), a new member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is thought to modulate a network of genes that are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and elimination. To further explore the role of PXR in body’s homeostatic mechanisms, we for the first time, report successful prokary- otic expression and purification of full-length PXR and preparation of polyclonal antibody against the whole protein. The full-length cDNA encoding a 434 amino acids protein was sub-cloned into prokaryotic expression vector, pET-30b and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells for efficient over expression. The inclusion body fraction, containing the expressed recombinant protein, was purified first by solubilizing in sarcosine extraction buffer and then by affinity column chromatography using Ni-NTA His-Bind matrix. The efficacy of anti-PXR antibody was confirmed by immunocytology, Western blot analysis, EMSA and immunohistochemistry. The antibody obtained was capable of detecting human and mouse PXR with high specificity and sensitivity. Immunofluorescence staining of COS-1 cells transfected with human or mouse PXR showed a clear nuclear localization. Results from immunohistochemistry showed that level of PXR in liver sections is immunologically detectable in the nuclei. Similar to exogenously transfected PXR, Western blot analysis of cell extract from HepG2 and COLO320DM cells revealed a major protein band for endogenous PXR having the expected molecular weight of 50 kDa. Relevance of other immunodetectable bands with reference to PXR isoforms and current testimony are evaluated. Advantages of antibody raised against full-length PXR protein for functional characterization of receptor is discussed and its application for clinical purposes is envisaged.

从目的论看许渊冲翻译李清照词的英译

翻译的目的论认为所有翻译要遵循的首要法则就是目的法即翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译行为的过程。由于译文预期达到的目的或功能不同,决定它在翻译过程中处理方法的不同。翻译不是纯语言的转换活动,它体现了不同文化之间的交流。因此如何处理文化差异现象是不容忽视的问题依据。许渊冲先生在李清照英译本中善于兼用归化和异化的方法。既符合英语的表达习惯,又保留了中国文化的特点,达到了两者的完美的结合。

The Combinatorial Biosynthesis of＂Unnatural＂ Products with Polyketides

Polyketides have been widely used clinically due to their significant biological activities, but the needed structural and functional diversity cannot be achieved by common chemical synthetic methods. The tool of combinatorial biosynthesis provides the possibility to produce "unnatural" natural drugs, which has achieved initial success. This paper provides an overview for the strategies of combinatorial biosynthesis in producing the structural and functional diversity of polyketides, including the redesign of metabolic flow, polyketide synthase(PKS) engineering, and PKS post-translational modification. Although encouraging progress has been made in the last decade, challenges still exist regarding the rational combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides. In this review, the perspectives of polyketide combinatorial biosynthesis are also discussed.

Methodology for Design of Reactive Distillation Column and Kinetics for Isoamylene Etherification Catalysed by Amberlyst 35

Isoamylene from the Fischer-Tropsch syncrude can be transformed to valuable fuel oxygenate additives through an equilibrium limited etherification reaction with methanol. A reactive distillation process is established to increase isoamylene conversion. Facing the challenge of improving product purity at the same time, an equilibrium stage model based design methodology is proposed and illustrated step-by-step for converting the Fischer-Tropsch C_5 olefins to tert-amyl methyl ether(TAME) process by using Aspen Plus. Under the guide of the proposed methodology, the design leads to a TAME product purity of higher than 95% and an isoamylene conversion of higher than 90%. The etherification kinetics over Amberlyst 35 is also studied within a temperature range of 60 ℃ to 75 ℃ to shed more light on the feasibility of process development. The methodology provides an effective reactive distillation column design to achieve the target reactant conversion and product purity simultaneously.

The Variability of the Snow and Ice Melt in Alpine Rivers in Northwestern China

The study of snow and ice melt （SIM） is important in water-scarce arid regions for the assessment of water supply and quality. These studies involve unique difficulties, especially in the calibration of hydro-models because there is no direct way to continuously measure the SIM at hydrostations. The recursive digital filter （RDF） and the isotopic hydro-geochemical method （IHM） were coupled to separate the SIM from eight observed series of alpine streamflows in northwestern China. Validation of the calibrated methods suggested a good capture of the SIM characteristics with fair accuracy in both space and time. Applications of the coupled methods in the upper reaches of the Hei River Basin （HRB） suggested a double peak curve of the SIM fraction to streamflow for the multi-component recharged （MCR） rivers, while a single peak curve was suggested for the rainfall-dominant recharged （RDR） rivers. Given inter-annual statistics of the separation, both types of the alpine rivers have experienced an obvious decrease of SIM since 196os. In the past 10 years, the SIM in the two types of rivers has risen to the levels of the 1970s, but has remained lower than the level of the 1960s. The study provided a considerable evidence to quantify the alpine SIMbased on the separation of observed data series at gauge stations. Application of the coupled method could be helpful in the calibration and validation of SIM-related hydro-models in alpine regions.

氯化亚砜酰化尾气资源化利用研究

首先分析比较了氯化氢和二氧化硫的分离工艺,得出差异化吸收分离具有工艺流程简单、生产能耗低、经济效益好的优势。然后以YS公司为实例,分析比较了氯化亚砜酰化尾气作为废气排放和利用差异化吸收分离方法对氯化亚砜酰化尾气进行资源化利用并副产盐酸和亚硫酸钠两种方式的经济和环境效益差异。结果表明,YS公司对酰氯合成废气进行资源化利用后,减少了废水排放量17 655.6 t/a,HCl排放量1.764 t/a,SO_2排放量2.473 t/a,年产31%盐酸960.2 t/a,亚硫酸钠915 t/a,年生产总值约为314万元,为YS公司的可持续发展提供了良好的经济基础,具有较好的经济效益。