In this research, the authors evaluate different channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanisms in Saudi Arabia over the last 15 years with a baseline of structural vector autoregressive （SVAR） models. Cont...In this research, the authors evaluate different channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanisms in Saudi Arabia over the last 15 years with a baseline of structural vector autoregressive （SVAR） models. Contemporaneous coefficient in the structural model indicates that while Saudi Arabia pegs its currency to US dollar, monetary policy instrument reacts positively to unexpected changes in the monetary aggregate. In addition to the traditional interest rate channel, the authors have also found the effects of credit channel. Moreover, variance decomposition results show that past shocks of credit, nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, federal funds rate （FFR） and treasury bill （TB） are found to be important for credit growth in shorter and longer horizons. The exchange rate channel has been less significant in comparison to other channels.展开更多
In doubly-selective fading wireless channel, the conventional orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing （OFDM） receivers for inter-cartier interference （ICI） compensation require extensive computations. To obtai...In doubly-selective fading wireless channel, the conventional orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing （OFDM） receivers for inter-cartier interference （ICI） compensation require extensive computations. To obtain an effective balance between performance and complexity, the whole channel response matrix was decomposed into a sequence of submatrix, and then a novel equalizer based on minimum mean square error （MMSE） criterion was presented to combat the ICI. Furthermore, a simple ordering-based decision-feedback equalizer （DFE） Was derived to exploit the temperal diversity gain offered by mobile channels. Numerical studies illustrate that although the MMSE equalizer still suffers from error floor, whereas the DICE equalizer exhibits significant performance improvement. The advantage of the proposed scheme indicates its potential applications in the future broadband wireless systems.展开更多
This paper researches the behavior of using soil testing formula fertilizer at farms of different sizes.The study develops a probit model based on peasant household survey data from 11 grain production areas.The resul...This paper researches the behavior of using soil testing formula fertilizer at farms of different sizes.The study develops a probit model based on peasant household survey data from 11 grain production areas.The results prove that：First,obvious differences exist in the distribution of formula fertilizer use ratio among farms of different sizes;large-scale farmers are the highest,small-scale farmers are the lowest.Second,from external factors,the increased yield of corn,soil testing services,and information dissemination,it is clear that training has a significant positive effect on farmers’use behavior;the influence of soil testing services is the greatest.Third the higher the degree of organization,marketization and scale of a farm,the more likely the farmer is to use soil testing formula fertilizer.Policy recommendations are made on the basis of the empirical research presented in this paper.展开更多
The particular challenges of modeling control systems for the middle route of the south-to-north water transfer project are illustrated.Open channel dynamics are approximated by well-known Saint-Venant nonlinear parti...The particular challenges of modeling control systems for the middle route of the south-to-north water transfer project are illustrated.Open channel dynamics are approximated by well-known Saint-Venant nonlinear partial differential equations.For better control purpose,the finite difference method is used to discretize the Saint-Venant equations to form the state space model of channel system.To avoid calculation divergence and improve control stability,balanced model reduction together with poles placement procedure is proposed to develop the control scheme.The entire process to obtain this scheme is described in this paper,important application issue is considered as well.Experimental results show the adopted techniques are properly used in the control scheme design,and the system is able to drive the discharge to the demanded set point or maintain it around a reasonable range even if comes across big withdrawals.展开更多
文摘In this research, the authors evaluate different channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanisms in Saudi Arabia over the last 15 years with a baseline of structural vector autoregressive （SVAR） models. Contemporaneous coefficient in the structural model indicates that while Saudi Arabia pegs its currency to US dollar, monetary policy instrument reacts positively to unexpected changes in the monetary aggregate. In addition to the traditional interest rate channel, the authors have also found the effects of credit channel. Moreover, variance decomposition results show that past shocks of credit, nominal effective exchange rate （NEER）, federal funds rate （FFR） and treasury bill （TB） are found to be important for credit growth in shorter and longer horizons. The exchange rate channel has been less significant in comparison to other channels.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60573112)
文摘In doubly-selective fading wireless channel, the conventional orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing （OFDM） receivers for inter-cartier interference （ICI） compensation require extensive computations. To obtain an effective balance between performance and complexity, the whole channel response matrix was decomposed into a sequence of submatrix, and then a novel equalizer based on minimum mean square error （MMSE） criterion was presented to combat the ICI. Furthermore, a simple ordering-based decision-feedback equalizer （DFE） Was derived to exploit the temperal diversity gain offered by mobile channels. Numerical studies illustrate that although the MMSE equalizer still suffers from error floor, whereas the DICE equalizer exhibits significant performance improvement. The advantage of the proposed scheme indicates its potential applications in the future broadband wireless systems.
基金The Agricultural Scicence and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAED-2017-06)
文摘This paper researches the behavior of using soil testing formula fertilizer at farms of different sizes.The study develops a probit model based on peasant household survey data from 11 grain production areas.The results prove that：First,obvious differences exist in the distribution of formula fertilizer use ratio among farms of different sizes;large-scale farmers are the highest,small-scale farmers are the lowest.Second,from external factors,the increased yield of corn,soil testing services,and information dissemination,it is clear that training has a significant positive effect on farmers’use behavior;the influence of soil testing services is the greatest.Third the higher the degree of organization,marketization and scale of a farm,the more likely the farmer is to use soil testing formula fertilizer.Policy recommendations are made on the basis of the empirical research presented in this paper.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China ("973" Progject) (Grant No. 2007CB714100)
文摘The particular challenges of modeling control systems for the middle route of the south-to-north water transfer project are illustrated.Open channel dynamics are approximated by well-known Saint-Venant nonlinear partial differential equations.For better control purpose,the finite difference method is used to discretize the Saint-Venant equations to form the state space model of channel system.To avoid calculation divergence and improve control stability,balanced model reduction together with poles placement procedure is proposed to develop the control scheme.The entire process to obtain this scheme is described in this paper,important application issue is considered as well.Experimental results show the adopted techniques are properly used in the control scheme design,and the system is able to drive the discharge to the demanded set point or maintain it around a reasonable range even if comes across big withdrawals.
