经典作家关于东方社会跨越发展的理论及其在当代中国的创新

经典作家马克思晚年提出了关于东方社会跨越发展的理论构想,恩格斯、列宁根据具体国情和时代发展的要求进行了丰富和发展。当代中国共产党人在建设中国特色社会主义的实践中继承和创新了这一科学理论,将"跨越式发展"作为社会主义发展观的核心理念;实现了社会主义理论内容科学性与价值取向人民性的有机统一;并且将跨越发展理论内化为具体的工作原则,增强了这一理论的可操作性和适用性。

宁波市第三方社会稳定风险评估机构示范建设情况介绍

近年来，宁波市认真贯彻中央、省市的相关要求，积极开展重大决策社会稳定风险评估工作，于2008年初即开始评估试点，在政策研究、实施推广、第三方评估等方面大胆实践。特别是近两年来，

引入第三方机构的反洗钱监管思考

随着我国金融市场快速发展,金融机构业务种类不断更新,金融机构新业务、新产品等加速出现为反洗钱监管带来了挑战。本文通过阐述全国人民银行系统第三方社会机构提供反洗钱监管服务的实践案例,归纳总结了第三方机构提供反洗钱监管的主要做法及实践经验,并提出了相关工作建议。

Polygynous Mating System and Behavioural Reason of Black Crested Gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Dazhaizi,Mt.Wuliang, Yunnan,China

The field research on five black crested gibbon groups, recently performed at Dazhaizi, Mr. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China, showed that all groups in the local population consisted of one adult male, two adult females and 2 - 5 sub-adults, juveniles and itfants. The mean group size was 6.2 in August 2003 and 6.4 in August 2005. Two subadult males disappeared from their natal home range and three newborns were given birth in Group 3 （G3） and G4 during this study. The two adult females in G1, G2 and G3 gave births and/or carried babies but at different times. There was no aggressive or dominating behaviour observed between the two adult females. One floating female was first seen in G3＇s territory on April 15, 2005. The two resident females interrupted her duet with adult male and chased her. We did not observe adult male chased this floating female and she left G3＇s territory 10 days later. Sub-adult males often kept distance with the family, and they often sang solo bouts in their natal territory before they dispersed. The sub-adult males and females dispersed from natal territory and two adult resident females rejected the third one, which might were the reasons why the black gibbon groups were polygyny in Dazhaizi.

A study on needs analysis of learners of Turkish language

This paper reports a small-scale study of needs analysis of leamers of Turkish as a foreign language at University of Florida. Needs analysis is described in the context of foreign language learning as ＂a systematic and ongoing process of gathering information about students＇ needs and preferences, interpreting the information and then making course decisions in order to meet those needs＂ （Graves, 2000, p. 74）. Because foreign language instruction has become much more learner-centered in recent years, needs analysis is a must for effective learning processes to occur （LONG, 1999, 2005; Kikuchi ＆ Apple, 2006）. In this context, the purpose of this pilot study is to gather information about the students＇ needs in learning Turkish at Center for European Studies, where less commonly taught languages, including Czech, Greek, Hungarian and Polish are offered. Drawing on interview data compiled from a number of studies （Tarone ＆ Yule, 1989; LI ＆ Richards, 1995）, the findings indicate that the students＇ needs may be grouped under four categories including their linguistic needs, their objectives in learning Turkish, learning resources, psychological and sociological factors that may impact their learning experiences. In the light of the interview findings, certain suggestions as to how to teach Turkish effectively are made.

Darboux Transformation and Explicit Solutions for Drinfel'd-Sokolov-Wilson Equation

A generalized Drinfel＇d Sokolov-Wilson （DSW） equation and its Lax pair are proposed. A Daorboux transformation for the generalized DSW equation is constructed with the help of the gauge transformation between spectral problems, from which a Darboux transformation for the DSW equation is obtained through a reduction technique. As an application of the Darboux transformations, we give some explicit solutions of the generalized DSW equation and DEW equation such as rational solutions, soliton solutions, periodic solutions.

Colonial and Gender Discourses in Modern European Travel Writing About East Asia

This article explains how modern European travelers, particularly European women adventurers, described East Asia. Travel writings that are expected to be truthful are not free from travelers＇ own personal, cultural, social, and political experiences and perceptions. At the turn of the 19th century, Europe was dominated by colonial discourse based on Western-centered textualized or imaginary knowledge of ＂the Orient＇＇1. The imaginary texts affected European travelers. In turn, their travel writings helped substantiate and reinforce the texts. European women travelers, who were in a relatively disadvantageous situation at home, enjoyed going beyond the sexual boundaries imposed on them at home by using their assumed racial superiority in the Orient. However, their marginal position in Western society helped them ponder their own understanding of other peoples and cultures, of themselves, and of their home societies. This article traces not only the surface discourse of travelogues on East Asia, particularly on Korea, but also travel writers＇ inner worlds, focusing on differences between men and women.

On Forgiveness and Justice＂ The Difficulties of Western Societies in Achieving a Coherent Discourse about Forgiveness＊

Forgiveness plays a main role in transitional justice, it is important to verify how forgiveness is justified by contemporary societies. No contemporary mentality can avoid the intuition that we are facing a reality that seems to belong to the field of religion. Hence, what interests us is precisely the moral consideration of this discussion. Facing the morality of forgiveness, the questions that are raised with respect to each type are： whether it is possible to forgive and whether one should forgive. The inherent contradiction of those who affirm the obligatory nature of forgiveness results in the supererogatory character of forgiveness. If all forgiveness is supererogatory in itself, then all forgiveness is always presented as something undeserved. Thus, we do not have supporting points to embark on a discourse about forgiveness. The result is that our political communities do not really know how to manage situations such as transitional justice.

Images of the Future from the Past： The Metabolists and the Utopian Planning of the 1960s

During the 1960s, many changes reshaped the economy, the society and the arts. The Cold War, the Space Race, the construction of a new middle class in most western societies led by the postwar economic prosperity with unprecedented urban growth followed by severe environmental problems fostered the design of spectacular urban utopian cities and mega-architectures. In those years, Japan was the source of highly influential bold and visionary urban and architectural ideas which relied on advanced technology. These ideas were conceived on the thought that cities could be seen as gigantic but impermanent entities able to transform itself according to an organic process of adaptation of its elementary components. This paper briefly revisits and critically discusses the legacy of the iconic mega-strnctural projects of Japanese Metabolist Movement and other visionary architects and planners of the 1960s, such as Paolo Soleri, Buckminster Fuller, Archigram. It attempts to enlighten the continuity with contemporary innovative and experimental urban models and ideas for the society and the city of the future, such as the Smart Cities, Eco-Cities, Green Urbanism, whose design is led by concerns related to climate change, the necessity of energy efficiency, the improvement of urban landscape and the valorization of depleted natural resources.

The 14th Dalai Lama＇s Image on Western and Chinese Social Media

With China＇s rising status and the increasing of media exposures on Tibet issues, the 14th Dalai Lama＇s image studies have become a heated research topic in communication studies. China is the most-frequently studied nation in Asian mass communication research. The past the 14th Dalai Lama＇s image studies mainly focus on Western mainstream newspapers, due to the fact that these newspapers are well established and frequently read by policy-makers and other influential individuals. In recent years, ＂Social media＂ has become a new buzzword. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Weibo etc. have made a considerable impact on contemporary life. What is the 14th Dalai Lama＇s image as it is represented via Western social media？ Do Western social media publish the 14th Dalai Lama＇s different contents, from a different perspective, or in a different way from that of the standard Western mainstream news outlets？ Are there any differences between the image of the 14th Dalai Lama on Western social media and on mainstream media？ What are differences between the image of the 14th Dalai Lama on Western and Chinese social media when discussing the same event or topic？ The research aims to answer these questions the 14th Dalai Lama; Western social media; Chinese social media.

Aging gracefully: social engagement joins exercise and enrichment as a key lifestyle factor in resistance to age-related cognitive decline

Cognitive impairment is a consequence of the normal aging process that effects many species, including humans and rodent models. Decline in hippocampal memory function is especially prominent with age and often reduces quality of life. As the aging population expands, the need for interventional strategies to prevent cognitive decline has become more pressing. Fortunately, several major lifestyle factors have proven effective at combating hippocampal aging, the most well-known of which are environmental enrichment and exercise. While the evidence supporting the beneficial nature of these factors is substantial, a less well-understood factor may also contribute to healthy cognitive aging: social engagement. We review the evidence supporting the role of social engagement in preserving hippocampal function in old age. In elderly humans, high levels of social engagement correlate with better hippocampal function, yet there is a dearth of work to indicate a causative role. Existing rodent literature is also limited but has begun to provide causative evidence and establish candidate mechanisms. Summed together, while many unanswered questions remain, it is clear that social engagement is a viable lifestyle factor for preserving cognitive function in old age. Social integration across the lifespan warrants more investigation and more appreciation when designing living circumstances for the elderly.

The Reconcilability Between Islamic and the Conventional Banking

Tensions between Western and Islamic traditions are very fierce in evidence currently. Many see the two systems as irreconcilable and the conflict between the two as inevitable （Huntingdon ＆ Berger, 2002）. This paper argues if reconcilability between Islam and the West exists in the field of finance and if the two systems can co-evolve in a mutually productive way, then, the author can be optimistic about the ability of the two systems to co-exist. Clearly, they involve different attitudes, but this paper argues on the basis of significant compatibility issues that these are resolvable under the tradition of tolerance that has existed in Western and Islamic societies. The context chosen for this analysis is finance which is central to global capitalism and is an area in which key differences of principle and practice exist between Islam and the West.

Empowering Women on the Chars： Increasing Resilience to Disasters and Building Sustainable Livelihoods

The Chars Livelihoods Programme （CLP）＇s response has been to provide a comprehensive package of support, which aims to increase resilience to disasters and build women＇s empowerment. In 2012, CLP developed an innovative approach to monitor women＇s empowerment. Understanding that empowerment is context specific, therefore CLP used qualitative approaches to understand how char households define empowerment. From this research, CLP developed a set of 10 （community and household level） indicators, which made up the chars empowerment scorecard. Results show that CLP has a considerable impact on women＇s empowennent. They also show that CLP has impacts at both the household and community level, driven by two main factors： increased knowledge （through social development training） and increased wealth （through CLP＇s Asset Transfer Project）. Further, impacts on empowerment are seen to occur relatively quickly and sustain over time. The effects of climate change are only likely to further compound problems for char-dwellers. By increasing women＇s empowerment, CLP is confident that they will be better able to build sustainable livelihoods and increase their resilience to future disasters.

On the Differences of Early Utopian Visions Between China and Western Society

Utopian visions between China and Western society differed in their early stage. Words reflecting early Chinese utopian visions scattered in many ancient classics. Most of them were general depiction of an ideal society featured with equality, sympathy, preference for community autonomy and the social order ＂the whole world as one community＂. Early Western society witnessed many utopian monographs. Most of them offered detailed construction of social frame with emphasis on social function division, request for ideal authority, and property co-ownership as core of an ideal society.

Arab Attitudes Toward Gender Roles： From Homogeneous Stereotype to Heterogeneous Reality

Western society has historically perceived Arab attitudes toward gender roles in a stereotypically negative light. This perception has had great influence on international public opinion toward Arab treatment of women, Western foreign policy toward the Arab world and development aid programs in the Middle East. This paper seeks to question the legitimacy of this perception by advancing the hypothesis that Arab attitudes toward gender roles are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous. To do so, it uses cross-cultural analysis in examining survey data regarding women＇s status in the Arab world, the significance of which contributes to a more accurate and well-rounded understanding of Arab attitudes toward gender roles. Results confirm the hypothesis that Arab attitudes toward gender roles are heterogeneous rather than homogeneous. Indeed, contrary to the Western stereotype regarding Arab attitudes toward gender roles and Arab treatment of women, cross-cultural analysis of the statistical information provided showed that Arab societies differ from one another in their attitudes toward gender roles and that Arab states differ from one another in their governmental approaches to gender equality in terms of personal status laws, gender-based discrimination in the workplace, and overall policies aimed at the advancement of women.

The impact of perceived social support, loneliness, and physical activity on quality of life in South Korean older adults

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a conceptual model that explains the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity(PA), and quality of life(QoL) among active older adults in South Korea.Methods: Data were collected from 332 individuals over the age of 65 using a systematic stratified convenience sampling method. Survey data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model(SEM).Results: Perceived social support had a significantly positive effect on PA(b = 0.14, p < 0.01) and QoL(b = 0.28, p < 0.001) while decreasing loneliness(b = —0.55, p < 0.001). PA had a significant positive effect on QoL(b = 0.12, p < 0.01), and loneliness had a negative effect on QoL(b = —0.37, p < 0.001). Loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived social support and QoL.Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model that explained the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, PA, and QoL among active older adults in South Korea. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating social support mechanisms for PA interventions in order to enhance QoL. The findings of this study can help create more effective health and physical education programs for the older generations in South Korea to enhance their QoL.

Position and Perspective of Statistics in Sociology

The paper first gives a brief overview of the use of statistical methods in sociology in order to show the continuity and importance of these methods in the development of sociology as a science. Therefore, education of sociologists requires, among other things, training in statistical methods applicable in data processing and analysis in sociological research. Then the research continues with a comparative analysis of the curricula of undergraduate academic studies of sociology, and especially the presence of statistics teaching in them, in the Republic of Serbia and the neighbouring countries. Different programs of the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad are analyzed together with the results of the students＇ evaluations for the academic years 2007/2008 and 2009/2010.

Somalis Diasporic Transnational Life--From Placelessness to Placeness in Finnish Urban Environment

About 1.S million Somalis live in the diaspora and first Somali asylum seekers came to Finland in 1990. Then they were the first large refugee group in Finland. They have got integration problems with Finnish society and from that perspective the author started to doubt that whether migrants adopted the same kinds of relationship with the local places and which kind of influence it would have on their integration. The author＇s aim for this study has been to explore their sense of belonging from transnational family and geographical perspectives. Relph argued that placelessness could be created either by individual itself or urban planning. With the content analyses the author analyzed 50 questions from seven respondents. The questionnaire includes the part of transnational contact keeping among kin members of transnational family, migration and respondents＇ sense toward urban surrounding where they lives. Emotional ties play a maior role in Finnish Somalis＇ diasporic life. Emotions intertwine around their life as members of transnational family and toward sense of place. Transnational family affects their perspectives toward western society and urban places. Placelessness is the first step toward integration and positive sense of place. With the integration placelessness turns to placeness.

Ordinary Workers and Industrial Relations in a New World Order

Taking its point of departure from a NATO （North Atlantic Treaty Organization） conference held in Copenhagen in 1953, this papers begins by tracing the foundation of the powerful political role that labor organizations held during a significant part of the twentieth century. At the conference, ＂labor＂ was emphasized as occupying a ＂key role＂ in the struggle of Western societies to withstand the challenge of communism--military alone could not achieve this objective. Since around 1990, this has fundamentally changed and the paper explores the contemporary situation through an ethnographic study--involving fieldwork at both workplaces and private homes--of Polish migrant laborers participating in the Danish labor market. Firstly, it is shown how the Polish laborers, due to the lower costs they represent, benefit from the new opportunities. Secondly, the paper illustrates how the trade union, though uneasy with the downward pressure on wage and working conditions that the Polish represent, prioritizes the organization of workers in order to maintain some degree of control over the labor market. Finally, the question is raised how the EU （European Union） is able to navigate two contrasting concerns： the urge both to create more cross-border competition and to uphold an image of a ＂social Europe＂ which might be key to maintain cohesion and legitimacy.

The Influence of Indian Culture on American English

Language and culture are inseparable. A language carries cultural message of a nation, which reflects the historical and cultural background of this nation, as well as people＇s thinking, social behavior and lifestyle. Culture records the social development and changes while social development and changes in a variety of things and phenomena will get accumulated and reflected in the language. In the collision of Indian culture and American English, Indian culture has left a deep imprint on American English. American English absorbs a large number of Indian vocabulary, including the names of animals, plants, and many other aspects of social life along with compound words. This paper mainly focuses on the influence of Indian culture on American English, and analyses semantic variants from Indian language in American English, including sound, spelling, semantic and syntactical change. With the tolerance of other languages and many borrowed Indian words, American English makes the 17th century become its starting point of continuous development and evolution.