科学施肥七宜七不宜

1.复合肥宜配合使用,不宜单独使用。复合肥养分比较固定,宜根据不同土壤、不同作物、不同时期植物对各种养分的需求和作物当时的生长情况,与其他化肥配合使用。如磷酸二铵含氮18%、含磷46%,用于需氮较多的作物时,按磷素计算用量,不足的氮素用碳铵、尿素和硫铵来补充。

Effects of silvicultural treatments on mechanical properties of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantations

A study was conducted to determine the influences of initial planting densities, thinning intensities, exposures and slope sites on physical property （wood density） and mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity （MOE）, bending strength, impact strength, compression strength along grain and hardness） of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Mao＇ershan Forest Farm, Northeast China. Results show that the different initial planting densities （1.5 m×1.0 m, 1.5 m×2.0 m and 1.5 m×2.5 m） had significant effects on wood density and MOE, and the highest mean wood density and indexes of mechanical properties occurred in the stand with an initial planting density of 1.5 m×1.0 m. The indexes of mechanical properties such as hardness of end, bending strength, MOE and compression strength along grain of wood increased after mild thinning, but decreased after violent thinning. The exposures （sunny slope and shady slope） had a significant effect on MOE, and the highest mean MOE occurred on sunny slope. The slope sites （upper site and lower site） had a significant effect on wood density and main mechanical properties, except hardness. The highest mean wood density and mechanical properties occurred at lower site.

蔬菜地怎样施尿素

在蔬菜生产中,菜农在施用尿素时为了贪图方便,习惯于将尿素撒于地表或随水冲施,这样尿素不但不能很好地发挥肥效,而且还造成极大的浪费。尿素施人土壤后,在脲酶的作用下转化成铵态氮方可被作物吸收利用。由于尿素是酰胺态氮肥,与土壤胶体间吸附力较低,流动性和淋失性较强,若随水冲施,尿素很难被土壤胶体吸附而转变成碳酸铵或碳酸氢铵发挥肥效。

冬季草莓移栽施肥技巧

1.移栽前施肥。移栽前对土地进行深翻,在翻地过程中施入磷酸二铵15公斤、硫酸钾10公斤,然后将土壤耙细,为培垄做好准备。由于草莓在生长初期营养生长旺盛,生殖生长较慢,因此要合理调配施用氮肥、磷肥。2.移栽后施肥。草莓移栽成活1周后,要多次喷施硝酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌等肥料。后期根据草莓的生长情况,可采取少量多施的方式,对草莓植株施人尿素、磷酸二氢钾等肥料。

Coal and gas outburst dynamic system

Coal and gas outburst is an extremely complex dynamic disaster in coal mine production process which will damage casualties and equipment facilities, and disorder the ventilation system by suddenly ejecting a great amount of coal and gas into roadway or working face. This paper analyzed the interaction among the three essential elements of coal and gas outburst dynamic system. A stress-seepage-damage coupling model was established which can be used to simulate the evolution of the dynamical system, and then the size scale of coal and gas outburst dynamical system was investigated. Results show that the dynam- ical system is consisted of three essential elements, coal-gas medium （material basis）, geology dynamic environment （internal motivation） and mining disturbance （external motivation）. On the case of CI 3 coal seam in Panyi Mine, the dynamical system exists in the range of 8-12 m in front of advancing face. The size scale will be larger where there are large geologic structures. This research plays an important guid- ing role for developing measures of coal and gas outburst prediction and prevention.

The pH control optimization in the crop fertigation system using ANN

pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.

谈当前桑园施化肥存在的问题与对策

桑园施用化肥,是提高亩桑产量最迅速、最显著、最有效的增产措施之一。为此就当前桑园施化肥存在的问题提出几点改进措施与建议供作参考。1 简况与作用化肥最早群众称洋粪,由于它的推广和施用,推动了我市农业的长足发展。据资料介绍:我国目前化肥的使用量达4000余万吨,居世界第一位,我市也在8万吨左右。增施化肥,可增产粮食50%以上(可间接养活全国人口50%),而发达国家,如美国则达60%以上,每增施1000Kg化肥,就相当于增加1.33～2.66hm^2耕地产的粮食,这说明化肥在农业生产中,有着举足轻重的重要地位与作用。

Feasibility analysis of gob-side entry retaining on a working face in a steep coal seam

Based on the decline in exploitation of coal resources, steep coal seam mining and mining face tensions continue to explore the feasibility analysis of steeply inclined faces in the gob. One of the key factors in utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in steep coal seams is to safely and effectively prevent caving rock blocks from rushing into the gob-side entry by sliding downwards along levels. Using theoretical analysis and field methods, we numerically simulated the mining process on a fully-mechanized face in a steep coal seam. The stress and deformation process of roof strata has been analyzed, and the difficulty of utilizing the technology is considered and combined with practice in a steep working face in Lvshuidong mine. The feasibility of utilizing the technology of gob-side entry retaining in a steep coal seam has been recognised. We propose that roadways along the left lane offshoot body use a speciallymade reinforced steel dense net to build a dense rock face at the lower head. The results show that the lane offshoot branch creates effective roof control, safe conditions for roadway construction workers, and practical application of steeply inclined gob.

Peripherally inserted central catheters in critically ill patients-complications and its prevention:A review

Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)is extensively used in critical care settings,because it plays a vital role in providing safe central venous entry.However,PICC is associated with several complications,which should be detected to shorten the duration of patients'improvement,reduce health care cost,and lessen the incidence of various PICC-related complications.Therefore,this study aimed to outline current literature on PICC procedures,potential complications,and measures for prevention.Understanding evidence-based guidelines regarding insertion technique,early detection of complications,and care bundle of PICC is significant in complication prevention.Implementation of education,training,and appropriate multidisciplinary approaches on PICC care among nurses and caregivers is the key to preventing complications.Thus,the strict care of indwelling PICC lines,the targeted and reasonable PICCassociated complication prevention,and nursing care have a major clinical significance in reducing the occurrence of potential PICC complications.

Modelling the User

The relatively high percentage of people with disabilities in Europe combined with the facts of ageing population, strong relation of impairment to age, and as State of the Art shows, dissatisfaction or even unawareness of people with disabilities of available assistive technology are revealing the necessity to incorporate a user-centric approach that beyond 2nd generation practices will achieve to provide embedded and built-in accessibility solutions, as well as toolkits for developers, for ＂engraving＂ accessibility in existing and emerging mass-market ICT-based products, aiming to make accessibility open, plug and play, personalised and configurable, realistic and applicable in various contexts, keeping always the user in the loop. The AEGIS （Accessibility Everywhere： Groundwork, Infrastructure, Standards） IP （Integrated Project） of the 7th European Framework Programme seeks to determine whether 3rd generation access techniques will provide a more accessible, more exploitable and deeply embeddable approach in mainstream ICT （information and communication technologies）. This paper presents the holistic UCD （user-centered design） implementation plan, upon which AEGIS has been based in order to achieve its targets, starting from modelling its target users, in the most efficient way possible.

The Comparative Approach on Outdoor Leisure Behavior of Urban Elderly People:A Case Study in Beijing

With the income increase of elderly people in Beijing and the improvement of leisure facilities since 2000, the quality of elderly people leisure life in Beijing has obviously increased com- pared to ten years ago. According to the investigation and com- parative analysis on more than 900 elderly people, who usually exercise in public parks in Beijing City, we have found out several new features of elderly people＇s outdoor recreation in Belting： the increase of the leisure time, the expansion of leisure space, the in- dividuation of interest and the diversification of consumption. The leisure life quality evaluation index system of urban elderly people can be built based on these analyses. In order to accommodate the development tendency of elderly people＇s demand for leisure diversification, we should strengthen the organization and manage- ment of elderly people＇s leisure activity in urban construction, and pay more attention to function complementation between commu- nities and parks.

Influence of driver’s yielding behavior on pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at a two-lane roundabout using fuzzy cellular automata

The roundabouts are widely used in China,some of which have central islands as scenic spots.The crosswalks connecting to the central islands,normally full of pedestrians,have negative impact on roundabout capability and pedestrian safety.Therefore,this study proposes a fuzzy cellular automata(FCA)model to explore the safety and efficiency impacts of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at a two-lane roundabout.To reason the decision-making process of individual drivers before crosswalks,membership functions in the fuzzy inference system were calibrated with field data conducted in Changsha,China.Using specific indicators of efficiency and safety performance,it was shown that circulating vehicles can move smoothly in low traffic flow,but the roundabout system is prone to the traffic congestion if traffic flow reaches to a certain level.Also,the high yielding rate of drivers has a negative impact on the traffic efficiency but can improve pedestrian safety.Furthermore,a pedestrian restriction measure was deduced for the roundabout crosswalk from the FCA model and national guideline of setting traffic lights.

The West and the Middle East： Liberal Nationalism, Instrumental Nationalism

This paper argues that there is no real nationalism in the Middle East and if is, then it is an instrumental. The historical process of the region which relates to nationalism has had three stages： （1） the European conquest that forced the indigenous people to battle both for freedom and confront a secular idea such as nationalism; （2） arbitrarily marked borders by the West disregarding ethnic religious and tribal lines and affinity; （3） the creation of Arab nation states with no solid infrastructure of shared national values. This perspective can help understand current political developments in light of the Arab spring upheavals, in Iraq, Syria and Libya.

Analysis on the mechanism and characteristics of concrete strength testing methods

This paper mainly described five kinds of common detection methods, including the test block method, core drilling method, rebound method, dialing out method and ultrasonic testing method and systematically analyzed the mechanism of all kinds of concrete strength detection methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages, which would provide a guide for construction personnel and research institutions to choose an economical ,accurate and safe detection method.

Demographic and Infrastructure Problems of Villages in the Hilly-Mountainous Areas of Prilep

In this paper it has been investigated the issue of the dynamics of the rural population in villages in the mountainous areas of the municipality of Prilep height distribution of the mountainous villages, the area size, absolute density and agrarian population in hilly-mountainous villages, the distance of the hill-mountain villages of the municipality center and institutional infrastructure hilly-mountainous areas in Prilep. Despite the demographic decline that was made in the past 45 years, the municipality and the country will have even more incentive in the coming years to invest in infrastructure to improve little very bad living conditions and foremost here we think of infrastructure, roads, water drinking, clinics, veterinary stations, public transportation, gas stations, stores, construction of ethnic restaurants and small hotels so that at least the older generations of the cities as the least retirement to spend at home, to create minimum conditions for living and so that villages in hilly and mountainous villages to be attractive to younger generations of the cities and migrant workers from European countries and America Australia frequently to visit home, and to be able to invest in small commercial buildings in the area of tourism.

Confirmatory factor analysis of VISA-P scale and measurement invariance across sexes in athletes with patellar tendinopathy

Background:The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment–Patella(VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.Previous exploratory factor analyses have been conducted to evaluate the scale's dimensionality,with inconsistent results,and the factor structure of the scale remains unclear.The aims of the present study were to determine the factorial structure of the VISA-P scale using confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and test measurement invariance across sexes.Methods:The study included a convenience sample of 249 Spanish athletes with patellar tendinopathy.CFA was performed to assess factorial validity.Hypothesized 1-and 2-factor models were tested.Measurement invariance across sexes was evaluated via multi-group CFA with several fit indices using EQS 6.1 software.Results:The internal consistency coefficient was 0.74.Several CFA models were examined and the 1-factor model in which errors for Items 7 and8 were correlated showed acceptable fit in terms of comparative fit index(CFI) and goodness-of-fit index(GFI) statistics(CFI = 0.93;GFI = 0.94;standardized root mean square residual = 0.06;root mean square error of approximation = 0.10;90% confidence interval:0.08–0.13).This model was invariant across sexes.Conclusion:The 1-factor model of the Spanish version of the VISA-P scale(VISA-P-Sp) in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated demonstrated relative fit in CFA.Scores obtained via VISA-P-Sp can be compared between men and women without sexes bias.Further studies should examine the VISA-P scale and other single-score patient-reported outcome measures concurrently.

Construction and quality identification of T7 recombination expression cDNA library form human lung cancer

Objective:Currently,only a limited numbers of tumor markers for non small lung cancer(NSCLC) diagnosis,new biomarker,such as serum autoantibodies may improve the early detection of lung cancer.Our objective is construction human lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma T7 phage display cDNA library from the tissues of NSCLC patients.Methods:mRNA was isolated from a pool of total RNA extract from NSCLC tissues obtained from 5 adenocarcinomas and 5 squamous carcinomas,and then mRNA was reverse transcribed into double stranded cDNA.After digestion,the cDNA was inserted into T7Select 10-3 vector.The phage display cDNA library was constructed by package reaction in vitro and plate proliferation.Plaque assay and PCR were used to evaluate the library.Results:Two T7 phage display cDNA library were established.Plaque assay show the titer of lung squamas carcinoma library was 1.8 × 106 pfu,and the adenocarcinoma library was 5 × 106 pfu.The phage titer of the amplified library were 3.2 × 1010 pfu/mL and 2.5 × 1010 pfu/mL.PCR amplifica-tion of random plaque show insert ratio were 100%(24/24) in adenocarcinoma library and 95.8% in human lung squamas carcinoma library(23/24).Insert range from 300 bp to 1 500 bp.Conclusion:Two phage display cDNA library from NSCLC were constructed.

Bangladesh Economic Development Model （BED Model）

Bangladesh economy has experienced some stable growths with regard to major macroeconomic indicators, significant progress in social development indicators, rural infrastructure, investment in industrial agricultural sector, and poverty alleviation since the 1990s. Bangladesh has made major strides in its human development index （HDI）, population growth rate achieved to 1.3%, gross domestic product （GDP） over the last five years achieved more than 5% growth consecutively; as a result, it mooted the Brazil, Russia, India, China （BRIC） successors, otherwise known as the Next-11. The success has come through the miracle activities of micro finance （MF： Grameen Bank and non-governmental organizations （NGOs））, remittance from migrant worker （RMW）, and export of readymade garment （ERMG） products. These three （MF, RMW, and ERMG） as the ＂prime powers＂ or engines have been achieving to ＂bottom up＂ of social economic development. This paper reviews aspects of economic development in Bangladesh, analyzes three prime powers, and tries to find out a development pattern, vis-a-vis construct Bangladesh economic development model or BED model. Finally, this paper examines Bangladesh＇s development experience in light of the BED model. It has recognized MF model for poverty alleviation in the worldwide.

Human Activity and Soil Fertility-Nutrients Depletion of Arable Soils in China

The reserve of soil nutrients is limited. In case of irrational use of land, nutrients would be depleted sooner. Before the 1950s the low grain production in China was maintained only by expanding the cultivated area and by recycling of nutrients in agriculture. Calculation of nutrients balance showed that in the year of 1949 there were great deficits of N, P and K elements in agriculture of China. It revealed that there would have really been danger of soil nutrients exhaustion if such a situation had continued. Things have changed since the beginning of 1950s. The nutrients balance in agriculture has been getting better and better. In the year 1987 N and P balance got rid of their great deficits. But for K the deficit grew even larger. This resulted in a rapid expansion of soil area deficient in K in China since the mid 1970s. In spite of the fact that the P balance in the arable land of the whole country was positive, the field which did not receive P fertilizer had become deficient in P. So the area deficient in P also increased. It is stressed that great attention should be paid to the depletion of soil nutrients, especially K in the northern part of China where the soil is relatively rich in K. Of course, soil sulfur and microelements should be considered next.

Effect of CO_2 enrichment on competition between Skeletonema costatum and Heterosigma akashiwo

We investigated the effect of CO2 enrichment and initial inoculum density on competition between Skeletonema costatum and Heterosigma akashiwo,two common algae seen in algal blooms.The initial inoculum density(0.2×104,0.4×104,0.8×104 cells/ml) had a significant effect on population growth and competition between H.akashiwo and S.costatum.The time required for population growth to reach the exponential growth phase and stationary phase decreased significantly as the initial density increased.When the two species were cultured together,S.costatum tended to outcompete H.akashiwo,especially when present at higher initial ratios.CO_2 enrichment(5 000μl/L CO_2) increased the maximum population density and carrying capacity of H.akashiwo but decreased these measures for S.costatum.Thus,CO_2 enrichment favored the growth of H.akashiwo over S.costatum.