施平:在巴黎奥运会上当技术官员

这个暑假,火热的巴黎奥运会给人们带来了畅淋漓的享受。中国除了奥运健儿摘金夺银,在奥运会赛场执裁的中国裁判也很亮眼。在羽毛球赛场拉夏贝尔门体育馆,有来自中国的面孔亮相执裁,她们向世界展示着中国羽毛球裁判的风采。记者从江苏省泗洪中学获悉,该校体育老师施平就是其中之一。

113岁施平

施一公说,爷爷施平常常让他想起“老顽童”这个词。施平血糖偏高,但酷爱甜食。一天,104岁的他趁人不备溜达下楼,到街上买了二桶肯德基炸鸡和一大瓶可乐。等到家人发现的时候,炸鸡已经干完,两升装的可乐还剩个底儿。

深切缅怀113岁新四军老战士施平

本刊讯新四军老战士、上海市人大常委会原副主任施平同志,因病医治无效,于2024年6月29日在上海逝世,享年113岁。施平原名施尔宜,1911年11月生于云南大姚县。他从青少年时代起,就受先进思想影响并投身革命活动。1931年“九一八”事变后,他在浙江大学读书期间,先后担任浙大农学院学生抗日会主席、浙大学生自治会主席和杭州市学生联合会主席,在杭州率先发动学生抗日救亡运动。

109岁施平 年长不忘身许国

他曾是学生运动的领袖,他倡议民主办高校,他鼓励孙子施一公创办西湖大学,他希望我们拥有越来越多的世界一流大学,来推动中国成为世界一流强国。他叫施平,曾任中国农业大学和华东师范大学党委书记、上海市人大常委会常务副主任。岁月更迭,时代变迁,他多年前许下的教育兴国愿望,至今不曾更改。

Effects of N,P and K Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mulberry

[Objective] The aim was to research the effects of N, P and K fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics of mulberry. [Method] In the test, Chuan 826, a va- riety of mulberry, was taken as an example to explore the relationships of chloro- phyll content, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance of leaf, CO2 concentration of cells in leaves and transpiration rate with N, P and K fertilizers at different quantities. [Result] N, P and K fertilizers at different quantities have ef- fects on photosynthetic indices. In detail, N, P and K fertilizer at appropriate quanti- ties enhanced LAI, Chla＋b, Pn, Cond and Tr, Ci of mulberry leaves in control group without fertilizers was significantly higher than that in treatment groups. N, P and K at proper quantities （N at 600 kg/hm2, P at 210 kg/hm2 and K at 300 kg/hm2） would keep functional leaves well and higher photosynthetic period for a long term. [Conclusion] The research explored adjustment of photosynthetic characteristics and differ- ent treatments on photosynthesis of mulberry, providing reference for construction of excellent and highly-qualified mulberry garden.

A Note on the Reasons of High Level of Agricultural Fertilization of Farmers

[Objective] The reason of the high level of agricultural fertilization was studied from economics angle.[Method] Farmers fertilization input model was developed.The time series data from 1990 to 2004 in Jiangsu Province was applied for analysis.[Result] The fertilizer price,labor price and agricultural products price can explain 93% of the changes of farmers＇ fertilization level.The influence of farmers＇ education level was insignificant.The dysfunction of the agricultural technology promotion system had certain influence on farmers＇ fertilizing behavior.[Conclusion] The high level of fertilization was partially because of shortage of scientific fertilizing technology and more importantly was the substitution effect caused by the rising in wages of labor in relative to price of chemical fertilizations and the derivation effect caused by the increase in the prices of agricultural products.

Effect of Fertilizing Level and Planting Densities on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Maize

Elite maize hybrid Guidan0810 was selected as material, and the effects of fertilizing level and planting densities on yield and nitrogen utilization were dis- cussed in the study. In field experiments as per double-cropping system, 4 main plots （fertilization levels） and 6 subplots （planting densities） were set in a split plot design. The results suggested that yield had close relationship with fertilization levels and planting densities. Different fertilization levels and planting densities significantly affected yield. With the increase of nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency declined. Under the same fertilization level, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen physiological efficiency grew a little with the increase of planting density, so nitrogen efficiency could be improved by regulating planting density. The results also showed that A2 （including N 225.0 kg/hm2, P205 75.0 kg/hm^2, K20 187.5 kg/hm^2） matching to B3 （52 500 plants/hm^2） or B4（60 000 plants/hm^2） was a better design, which could obtain a higher yield in the range of 7 913.2-8 207.8 kg/hm2, respectively.

Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Mulberry Leaf Quality and Its Active Substance Content

This paper study the effect of nitrogen （N, X1）, phosphorus （P, X2） and potassium （K, X3） in different amounts on crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in mulberry leaves, with mulberry trees in spring and autumn as the material and as per ＂3414＂ experimental design. The results showed that the qualities and active substance content of mulberry leaves changed from increasing to decreasing with its development; crude protein and solu-ble sugar achieved the peak on August 20; total flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin was the highest on May 15. Fertilizations with N, P and K fertilizers at different amounts had significant effects on quality of mulberry leaf and content of active substances. Specifically, as fertilizer amount increased, the content of active sub- stances grew dramatically and achieved the highest at level 2 （X^2X=X~_）. Based on fertilizer effect functions of objective yield, the recommended amounts of N, P and K fertilizers based on crude protein, soluble sugar, flavonoid content and DNJ in test sites were 718.46, 220.11 and 305.23 kg/hm2, when the highest of crude protein in mulberry leaf was 1 813.83 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were recommended at 666.54, 204.41 and 243.18 kg/hm2, soluble sugar in mulberry leaf achieved the peak at 1 042.65 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 675.96, 326.49 and 462.90 kg/hm2, flavonoid content achieved the maximum at 147.90 kg/hm2. When N, P and K fertilizers were at 720.9, 225.11 and 323.63 kg/hm2, DNJ content was the highest at 13.55 kg/hm2.

Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer and Balanced Fertilization on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Peppers

Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.

Establishment of a Mathematical Model for Mulberry Balanced Fertilization in Hilly Areas of Sichuan Province

In order to increase mulberry leaf yield and production efficiency in hilly areas of Sichuan Province through scientific fertilization,＂3414＂,a quadratic regression design for modern fertilization,was employed to simulate the regression relationship between mulberry leaf yield and major fertilizer elements including nitrogen（N）,phosphor（P） and potassium（K） among which mulberry leaf yield was the objective function and N,P and K were the regulatory factors to fertilization level.As a result,7 types of ternary,binary and monadic quadratic fertilizer effect functions of N,P and K fertilizer elements were established.The weight of fertilizer factors in the optimal mulberry leaf yield obtained by various types of functions was in decreasing order of KPKPNPKNKNNP,and the weight of fertilizer factors in the ratio of leaf yield to input was in decreasing order of K〉PK〉NPK〉P〉NK〉NP〉N.To be specific,the ternary quadratic fertilizer effect function（Y=20 313＋0.25X1＋43.48 X2＋34.47X3-0.01X1^2-0.14X2^2-0.06X3^2＋0.05X1X2＋0.02X1X3-0.07X2X3,in which X1,X2 and X3 indicate the fertilizer factors N,P and K,respectively） was a model containing all factors,thereby being a recommended fertilization program for mulberry field.Single factor effect analysis indicated that K fertilizer had the highest influence on mulberry leaf yield and ratio of leaf yield to input.Therefore,among all the simulation functions,the monadic quadratic fertilizer effect function of K fertilizer factor（Y=25 002.27＋44.728X3-0.084X32） leads to the optimal leaf yield and maximum ratio of leaf yield to input.By using the optimal fertilization program with 600 kg/hm2 N,210 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 254.33 kg/hm2 K2O,the optimal economic leaf yield obtained is 30 945.00 kg/hm2,the cost of fertilizer input is 4 403.65 yuan/hm2,and the ratio of leaf yield to input is as high as 17.57.After verification by production practices,the recommended fertilization indicators in the optimal mulberry fertilization program can provide reference for the construction of high-yield mulberry field in hilly areas of Sichuan Province.

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Soluble Sugar,Starch and Root Tissue Structure of the Peach Trees

[Objective] The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and production of peach.[Method] The three-year-old seedling peach tree was used as the materials,and NH4NO3 was used as the experimental nitrogen fertilizer.Three nitrogen levels,0,3,6 g per pot respectively were set to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on the contents of soluble sugar,starch and internal structure of the root of the peaches.[Result] The contents of soluble sugar of roots and leaves increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level,and the level of 6 g per pot was the highest,which showed extreme differences between the level of 3 g per pot and the control.However,starch contents showed opposite results,which decreased as the level of nitrogen fertilizer increased.Compared with the 3 g per pot level of nitrogen fertilizer and the control,the internal structure of root applied with nitrogen fertilizer of 6 g per pot level had larger fibrovascularcylinder,advanced vascular bundle,small-spaced thin-walled cells,smooth and full cells with smooth cell wall.[Conclusion]Appropriate nitrogen levels can accelerate the accumulation of soluble sugar and the growth of root tissue structure.

Assessment and Implementation Intention of Circular Agriculture in Jiangsu Province with a Case of 20 Farmers' Professional Cooperatives in Huai'an City

Circular agriculture is of practical significance for Jiangsu agriculture. The research conducted quantitative analysis on circular agriculture in Jiangsu by estab- lishing assessment index system of circular agriculture development, In 2013, most indices of Jiangsu circular agriculture kept higher than national levels, but many problems exist such as excessive uses of chemical fertilizer, pesticide and mulch. Therefore, it is effective for advancing circular agriculture in Jiangsu to stabilize gov- emment fiscal support and broaden financing channels.

农作物保护神——双酶增效剂

由本刊读者服务部独家推出的＂双酶增效剂＂,是一种具有当前国际先进水平的高科技产品,本产品最大的特点是：由于几乎不用农药（或用量很少）,减少了农药成本投入,确保农产品绿色、无公害、高产、品质上乘、口味佳、经济效益提高。本产品拥有四项国家发明专利,它神奇的效果得到了国家农业部及广大农民使用者的高度认可。

舍弗勒与西南交大建立联合实验室

全球领先的综合性汽车和工业产品供应商舍弗勒集团5月16日与西南交通大学签署协议,建立西南交通大学-舍弗勒联合实验室,在技术研究、产品开发和人才培养方面加强进一步合作。舍弗勒集团工业事业部首席执行官斯特凡·施平德勒博士、首席数字官格哈德·鲍姆、大中华区首席执行官张艺林博士等5月15至16日访问了西南交通大学。

农作物保护神——双酶增效剂

由本刊读者服务部独家推出的＂双酶增效剂＂,是一种具有当前国际先进水平的高科技产品,本产品最大的特点是：由于几乎不用农药（或用量很少）,减少了农药成本投入,确保农产品绿色、无公害、高产、品质上乘、口味佳、经济效益提高。本产品拥有四项国家发明专利,它神奇的效果得到了国家农业部及广大农民使用者的高度认可。

舍弗勒与西南交大建立联合实验室

2016年5月23日上海消息,全球领先的综合性汽车和工业产品供应商舍弗勒集团5月16日与西南交通大学签署协议,建立西南交通大学—舍弗勒联合实验室,在技术研究、产品开发和人才培养方面加强进一步合作。 舍弗勒集团工业事业部首席执行官斯特凡·施平德勒博士、首席数字官格哈德·鲍姆、大中华区首席执行官张艺林博士等5月15至16日访问了西南交通大学建校120周年庆典。

Establishment and Application of Fertilization Model for Wheat Interplanted with Cotton in Jianghan Plain

3414 field experiment （including three nutrient elements at four gradient levels, a total of 14 unrepeated incomplete treatments） was designed to study the fertilization measures for wheat interplanted with cotton in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province. Fertilizer model for wheat interplanted with cotton in Jianghan Plain was finally established, based on which the soil nutrient indices in wheat-cotton inter- planting field were screened; and optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium appli- cation for wheat was put forward as 130-210 kg/hm2 N, 40-70 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 40-60 kg/hm2 K2O.

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain

In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen （N） supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N （TN） and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.

Nitrogen Recommendations for Summer Maize in Northern China Using the N_min Test and Rapid Plant Tests

A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using the soil Nmin (mineral N) test as well as the plant nitrate and SPAD (portable chlorophyll meter readings) tests. The results showed that Nmin sollwert (NS) 60 kg N ha-1 at the third leaf stage and N rate of 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 at the tenth leaf stage could meet the N requirement of summer maiz…