“轨道-空气”速度补偿型施播系统

驾驶室内带控制装置的速度补偿系统可精确播撒农药。通过安装一个带Gandy双颗粒料箱的精确农药施播系统到约翰迪尔1790播种机上后可提高生产率，增加作物播种的“保险”系数。将料斗装到中央料箱的两侧，使得前悬挂上的吹送机可以装在较远的位置，此系统同时为两个料斗服务，并减少对液压的要求。

多功能施播器

由云南力天科技开发有限公司研制成功并投放市场。该施播器能将化肥直接施入农作物根部以下土壤最恰当的位置，且施肥深度和施肥量都可调节。可广泛使用在烟草、玉米、大豆、油菜、花生、棉花、甘蔗、蔬菜、花卉、果树等株距较大的农作物种植上。

“轨道-空气”施播系统

正如我们生活的地球，农业装备的发展也是日新月异。国外农机融合现代高新技术，快速地向智能化、机电一体化发展。应广大读者的要求，从本期开始，我们将以不同的形式，陆续地介绍国外农机公司的先进技术和产品，农机产业政策及管理经验等，以期对我们的读者有所启迪。欢迎投稿，欢迎提出宝贵意见。

丘陵山区轻筒型油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置设计与试验

针对丘陵山区等小田块油菜种植区域缺乏轻简集成的油菜播种机排种与排肥装置问题,设计了一种油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置。阐明了集排装置工作过程,确定了排种滚筒与排肥滚筒主要结构参数,分析了肥层控制板位置对排种量与排肥量匹配性的影响。应用EDEM仿真开展了油菜种-肥同播同施集排装置排种与排肥性能试验,建立了肥层控制板位置与排肥量的关系模型,试验结果表明:集成式种肥滚筒转速为20~50 r/min时,集成式种肥滚筒转速与排种速率、排肥速率均为线性关系,肥层控制板与竖直方向间夹角在22°~38°内增大时,排肥速率在1709.63~2484.31 g/min内逐渐增加;应用DEM-CFD耦合仿真分析了辅助输送气流对导种管内种子速度和受力的影响,结果表明:导种管与竖直面间倾斜角为10°~70°时,采用辅助输送气流可实现种子加速经导种管排出,避免种子滞留。台架验证试验结果表明:集成式种肥滚筒转速为20~50 r/min时,总排种量稳定性变异系数不高于0.92%、各行排种量一致性变异系数不高于3.64%、种子破损率不高于0.04%、总排肥量稳定性变异系数不高于1.21%、各行排肥量一致性变异系数不高于4.41%,可实现油菜排量一定时,通过调节肥层控制板与竖直方向间夹角,满足不同排肥量需求。田间试验结果表明:油菜各行株数一致性变异系数为9.25%、总株数稳定性变异系数为7.16%,满足油菜精量播种要求。

天然草场机械化施播保水剂改良工艺试验研究

已有研究表明,灌溉用水约有50%消耗在田间,加强对田间节水技术的研究和开发显得尤为重要,有关控制土壤蒸发的覆盖和化学调控等土壤保墒技术的研究和开发越来越受到重视。近年来,在我国北方干旱的高寒地区应用保水剂种植马铃薯、玉米等经济作物的研究报告很多,但对于不同天然草场改良和建设综合应用保水剂的研究却鲜见报道。本次研究针对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟干旱地块、荒漠草原、沙地、撂荒地块等待改良地区,从2018年—2020年10月,共开展了近3 a的研究转化工作。在农机技术与农艺技术紧密结合的基础上,开展了以施播保水剂为主的综合改良天然草场措施,经过缜密的试验和研究,提高了85.98%~96.96%(P<0.05)的种群生物量,改良措施的使用比对照草地土壤的含水量增加了1.25%(P<0.05),显著降低土壤容重(P<0.05)。该试验研究为今后进一步合理应用保水剂于天然草场的改良工作提供一定的科学依据及技术指导。

玉米精量播种机播深及漏播漏施监测系统功能设计

玉米产业是农业生产的重要组成部分,随着产业向机械化发展,玉米播种大面积应用播种机进行作业,显著提高了播种效率。为进一步提高播种质量,结合玉米播种机技术现状,预防漏播漏施问题,保障播深合理性,开发了播深及漏播漏施监测系统,说明了该系统设计的关键指标及技术要求,介绍了监测功能的设计细则与逻辑特征,强调了该系统的合理性与推广价值。

施水沟播机的试验研究与结构设计

施水沟播机可在起垄施肥播种的同时进行施水作业 ,从而解决了干旱和半干旱地区的播种保苗问题。为研究此类机具的作业方式、施水位置及施水系统 ,设计研制了 2 BFG(4) 8型小麦施水沟播机 ,对施水沟播作业中的施水位置、施水深度进行了分析 ,设计了影响施水均匀性的工作部件。田间试验和室内测试结果证明 。

新型免耕分施种肥播耕机的调整

新型免耕分施种肥多用播耕机,是经过近几年反复研制而成的多用途、节能、环保、高效播种耕作机.自从1998年投入使用以来,受到用户的一致好评,与美式450条播机及国产24行条播机的小麦播种对比试验中,平均每公顷增产560公斤,增产幅度为25.6%.

旱地小麦集雨沟播增产技术研究

对 4种不同种植方式的产量、集雨效果、保水效果及经济性状的多点试验结果表明 ,覆膜沟穴播、膜侧沟播、施水沟播 3种集雨沟播种植方式均明显优于露地对照 ,可在不同区域进行大面积推广 ;以覆膜沟穴播种植春小麦的平均产量最高 ,为 2 6 92 .6 kg/hm2 ,较露地对照平均增产 5 1.0 % ,而膜侧沟播种植和施水沟播种植的平均产量分别较露地对照增产 38.0 %和 2 0 .8%

Application of Special Controlled Release Fertilizer in Direct-seeding of Rapeseeds

In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, ＂Yishizhuang＂, and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What＆#39; more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.

Light Simplified Millet Production Technique Adopting Film Mulching and Hole Sowing

In order to solve the problem that dry-land foxtail millet production completely relies on rainwater with low instable yield and tedious cultivation, Millet Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences integrated a light simplified production technique integrating film mulching, hole sowing and fertilization with mechanized production, forming the light simplified foxtail millet production technique adopting film mulching and hole sowing. This study introduced the light simplified foxtail millet production technique adopting film mulching and hole sowing, including main links such as preparation before sowing, sowing, attached agricultural machines, field management, harvest and residual film recovery.

Effects of Facilities Condition on Occurrence of Freeze Injury and Fresh Pod Yield of Broad Bean

Using Tongxian No.2 as material, the effects of different film-covering time, different sowing time and different planting density on the occurrence of freeze injury and yield of fresh broad beans were investigated. The randomized block design was adopted. The results showed that with the delayed film covering, the incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were increased correspondingly, but the yield was increased; with the delayed sowing, the branch number per plant, effective branch number per plant, incidence of mild freeze injury and number of headless seedlings were all reduced, and the broad beans, sowed on September 30 th, obtained the highest yield; planting density showed on effect on the occurrence of freeze injury, and the yield was increased with the increase of planting density. Under the same film-covering time, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density and it was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September 30th;under the same sowing time, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it showed no changes when planting density was changed, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and increased planting density; under the same planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was increased with the delayed film-covering time but was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was increased with the delayed film-covering time and it was highest when the broad bean seeds were sowed on September30 th. Under same film-covering time and sowing time, the total branch number per plant and effective branch number per plant were reduced, but the yield was increased with the increase of planting density; under same film-covering time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury was reduced with the delayed sowing time, and the yield was highest when broad bean seeds were sowed on September30th; under same sowing time and planting density, the incidence of freeze injury and the yield were all increased with the delayed film-covering time.

Light Simplified Foxtail Millet Cultivation Technique Adopting Furrow Sowing beside Plastic Film Covering Micro-ridges

In order to solve the problem that dry-land foxtail millet production completely relies on rainwater with the characteristics of low instable yield, manual thinning and weeding, high labor intensity, and labor and time saving, Millet Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences integrated furrow sowing beside plastic film covering micro-ridges, simplified cultivation and mechanized production, forming the simplified foxtail millet cultivation technique adopting furrow sowing beside plastic film covering micro-ridges. This study introduced the technique points of the simplified foxtail millet cultivation technique adopting furrow sowing beside plastic film covering micro-ridges, including preparation before sowing,sowing, attached agricultural machines, field management, harvest and residual film recovery.

Effects of Interaction between Density and Nitrogen Rate on Growth and Yield of No-tilling and Direct Sowing Rapeseed in Chengdu Plain

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal density and nitrogen rate of no-tilling and direct sowing rapeseeds in Chengdu plain. [Methods] Effects of in- teraction between density and nitrogen rate on the growth and yield of direct sowing rapeseed under no-tillage condition were investigated with Chuanyou 58 as materials and a split-plot experiment adopted. [Results] In Chengdu Plain, the yields of rape- seed changed from increasing to decreasing with increase of density and nitrogen rate. Both of density and nitrogen rate had significant effects on growth and yield of rapeseed and the latter overweighed in the effect. In addition, interaction of the two had negative effects on rapeseed yield. The yield of rapeseeds achieved the highest at 3 395.25 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 30.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 180.00 kg/hm^2; the theoretical maximal yield was 3 403.41 kg/hm^2 with interaction of density at 40.80×10^4 plants/hm^2 and nitrogen rate at 198.90 kg/hm^2. [Conclusion] In Chengdu Plain, the optimal density and nitrogen rate are 30.00×10^4-45.00×10^4 plant/hm^2 and 180.00-198.90 kg/hm^2, respectively.

Effects of Key Agricultural Measures of Mechanized Direct Seeding Technology on Rapeseed Yield in Chengdu Plain

Mechanized direct sowing of rapeseed is a labor-saving and highly-efficient culture technique. In order to explore high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for Chengdu Plain, effects of several key agronomic measures＇, such as sowing date, density and N fertilizers, on development and yield formation were studied by strip and split plot experiment of three factors. The research showed that optimal condi- tions for direct seeding technology can be achieved provided with scientific sowing date, density and appropriate N fertilizers, and the research showed that rapeseed yield reached the peak at 320 g/m2, when sowing date was on September 3th, sow- ing density was 30 plant/m2, and nitrogen fertilizer was 27 g/m2.

Effects of Different Soil Preparation and Fertilizer Application Methods on the Growth and Yield of the Rice-Crayfish Rotation Direct Seeding Rice Nongxiang 32

In order to improve the yield and fertilizer utilization of the ricecrayfish rotation and direct seeding rice Nongxiang 32,the effects of different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods on the growth,yield and fertilizer utilization of the variety were studied.The results showed that,under the rice-crayfish rotation and direct seeding farming mode,the contributions of seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,yield,and fertilizer contribution rate to yield of Nongxiang 32 in the treatments with rotary tillage with base fertilizer,rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer were relatively higher than those in the treatments with rotary tillage without fertilizer,no-tillage without fertilizer and no-tillage without base fertilizer,and there were no significant differences between the three treatments.Rotary tillage with base fertilizer and rotary tillage without base fertilizer significantly increased the total number of stems and tillers,total number of ears,and number of effective ears.Rotary tillage and application of base fertilizer also significantly increased the number of tillers,plant weight and weed suppression ability in the early stage of rice growth.Therefore,in the different soil preparation and fertilizer application methods,the application of base fertilizer with rotary tillage was the best,followed by rotary tillage without base fertilizer and no-tillage with base fertilizer.

Effects of Different Factors on Yield of No-tillage Direct-seeding Rapeseed

The effects of different sowing dates,plant densities and nitrogen applica- tion amounts on yield of no-tillage direct seeding rapeseed were studied. The re- sults indicated that the optimum sowing date was from October 1 to 15, the opti- mum plant density was 450 000-750 000 plant/hm2, the optimum nitrogen applica- tion amount was 270 kg/hm2 in the southeast of Hubei province.

Experimental study on gas explosion suppression based on ferrocene

In order to study the gas explosion suppression performance based on ferrocene, the self-constructed experimental facility was used to accomplish the experiment of gas explosion suppression. By means of thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal characteristics of ferrocene have been gotten and the gas explosion suppression mechanism of ferrocene has been analyzed. The results show that ferrocene had good effects on gas explosion suppression, and the explosion pressure and flame propagation speed declined obviously. When ferrocene concentration is 0.08 g/L and methane volume concentration is 9.5%, the maximum explosion overpressure and maximum flame propagation speed of methane-air respectively decreased by about 59.5% and 19.6%, respectively. TG and DSC curves showed that the mass loss of ferrocene consists of two processes, which are sublimation and lattice fracture. The temperature of mass loss ranged from 128 ℃ to 230 ℃. The results showed profoundly theoretical significance to gas explosion suppression by ferrocene in coal mines.