平面广告语言中语义和句法的互动——以施益为例

平面广告语言中常使用施益的方式吸引消费者。以"施益"这一语义为出发点,语义和句法相互作用构成了施益模式,具体包括施益动词、给予动词和给予结构、致使动词和致使结构以及与施益相关的介词结构。以语言服务观来看,施益模式的构建,为广告策划者提供各类语言成品,为需要者提供了语言服务。

西方生命医学伦理“施益原则”与当代儒家生命伦理“仁爱原则”之对话

本文旨在为西方生命伦理"施益原则"与儒家生命伦理"仁爱原则"(1)之内涵进行增补,以"忠恕之道"回应两原则之内在问题。"施益原则"提出,"须衡量行为产生的利益足以保证花费的成本"作为施益者是否施益于对象之衡量标准。但成本与利益难以估量,是此原则面临最大的问题。"仁爱原则"提出,"爱人"、"推己及人"、"克己复礼"之概念。但其首先肯认"仁"天生本具,这适合作为教育培养生命医学相关人员之道德品格,但忽略面对现实问题的行动判断方式。本文认为,应该延伸"推己及人"的概念,强化"忠恕之道"中我-他者的双向的结构,亦能增补"施益原则"与"仁爱原则"之内涵。

漫谈“这幅地图好看”的歧义现象

本文以歧义句"这幅地图好看"为出发点,考察了"名词短语(主语)/人称代词+(副词)好+二价谓词"结构的歧义情况。对该结构在何种情况下会产生歧义以及为什么会产生歧义做出了解释。

Economic Benefits of Rubber Plantations in Longjiang Farm in Hainan by the Application of Optimized Fertilization Formula

The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using ＂contrast＂ design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.

Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Output Value,Content of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after Utilizing the Milk Vetch

A located field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different amount of chemical fertilizer usage on rice yield,economic benefits of rice,soil carbon（C） and total nitrogen（TN） under ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch for 5consecutive years.Six treatments were included in the experiment,they are CK（unfertilized）,CF（100% chemical fertilizer with the amount of N,P2O5,K2 O being150,75,120 kg/hm^2respectively）,A1（22 500 kg/hm^2 Chinese milk vetch and 100%chemical fertilizer）,A2（Chinese milk vetch and 80% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A3（Chinese milk vetch and 60% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A4（Chinese milk vetch and 40% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）.The results were as follows：application of fertilizer could increase the yield of rice,while Chinese milk vetch combined with fertilizer application had a much more increase effect in rice yield.Under the condition of milk vetch application with 22 500 kg/hm^2,the early rice yield of the treatment A1 was significantly increased by 7.7% compared with that of CF.And the yield of treatment A3 was basically identical to or slight increase in comparison with that of CF.Decreasing amount of fertilizers cloud improve output value of rice in the case of the utilization of Chinese milk vetch.The treatment A1 increased output value of rice by 5.92% in comparison of CF,and treatment A2 was by 4.08% in the next.Treatment A4 showed much better effect in increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil than those of treatments applying mineral fertilizer only.There was a significant reduction on soil organic carbon and TN in treatment A2 in comparison with that of CF.In general,amount of application of milk vetch with 22 500 kg/hm^2 could replace chemical fertilizer partially,it also could improve rice yield,decrease the production cost,and raise the utilization efficiency of nutrients.

Effect of cultivation measures on economic benefit of Larix olgesis pulp forest

According to the cultivating practice ofLarix olgensis pulp plantation, IRR (Internal revenue rate) and NPV (Net present value) were taken as two economic indices to study the effect of cultivation measurements on economic benefit ofLarix olgensis pulp forest. The results showed that the economic benefit of this type of forest is closely related to rotation and site class. Higher economic benefit could be obtained when the rotation is shorter and site class is higher. The planting density also had an obvious influence on economic benefit. On the base of assuring survival rate and conserving rate, the less the fee used in soil preparation and young growth tending is, the higher the economic benefit is. The influence of determined six cultivation measures on economic benefit in sequence was the rotation—site class—density—management fee level—young growth tending intensity—soil preparation methods.

Management strategies of Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease with a documented risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Current strategies for improved survival in patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma focus on detection of dysplasia. This can be obtained by screening programs in high-risk cohorts of patients and/or endoscopic biopsy surveillance of patients with known Barrett's esophagus (BE). Several therapies have been developed in attempts to reverse BE and reduce cancer risk. Aggressive medical management of acid reflux, lifestyle modifications, antireflux surgery, and endoscopic treatments have been recommended for many patients with BE. Whether these interventions are cost-effective or reduce mortality from esophageal cancer remains controversial. Current treatment requires combinations of endoscopic mucosal resection techniques to eliminate visible lesions followed by ablation of residual metaplastic tissue. Esophagectomy is currently indicated in multifocal high-grade neoplasia or mucosal Barrett's carcinoma which cannot be managed by endoscopic approach.

Analysis on the Measures to Increase the Economic Profit of Construction Projects

Construction companies should look for opportunities in the market economy, be ready to compete, establish themselves by competitive edges, survive and develop amidst fierce market competition. Therefore, to improve the control of construction cost is crucial to the transformation of the operating mechanism of construction companies. The control of the cost of construction projects aims to reduce project cost and increase the economic profit.

Comprehensive Waste Minimization Study at an Industrial Battery Manufacturing Plant in Ohio, USA

Industrial battery manufacturing facilities generate large quantities of hazardous waste, which must be properly treated before it can be disposed. Reducing the quantities of these waste streams can significantly reduce the cost of treatment and lead to competitive advantages. Waste minimization at these facilities is beneficial for the stakeholders and the environment. The quantities of hazardous waste can be minimized by upgrading the facility＇s technology or substituting hazardous substances, which are used in the battery manufacturing process, with more environmentally friendly options. Separation of waste streams will allow for additional reuse opportunities and revenue generation from the sale of these materials, which will enhance the financial performance of the facility. This paper provides a case study of comprehensive waste minimization in a battery manufacturing plant in Ohio, USA. Source reduction, recovery, and recycling methods are taken into account with consideration given to economic impacts. The goal of the study was to develop an understanding of the facility＇s waste generating processes, to suggest methods to reduce to the waste generation and finally to select an appropriate waste minimization option to suggest the facility＇s management team. Some of the suggested methods are currently being practiced while others are at the initial stage of development.

Research on Index System for Luffa(Luffa acutangula Roxb.) Fertilization in Foshan

On basis of “3414” experiment, regression analysis was conducted on rel- ative yield and fertilizer quant;.ty, and a regression equation was established, as fol- lows： Y=I 699,09 ＋52.89N -3i82P ＋59.27K-1.17N2 -0.11 p2 ＋0.06K2 ＋2.02NP-2.16NK- 1.97PK （FF=0,98）. The results of regression analysis showed F〉F0.05, indicating that fertilizer quantity is of significant regression relationship with yield. It was analyzed that yield-increasing range of N fertilizer was directly proportional to fertilizer quanti- ty, and negative yield even occurs if excessive P fertilizer is applied. In general, fertilizer effects from high to low were N fertilizer〉K ferUlizer〉P fertilizer. Besides, on equation aralysls, it was proposed the optimal fertilizer quantities included N fertilizer （N） of 270 kg, P fertilizer （PUs） of 165 kg and K fertilizer （K20） of 225 kg for achieving ideal yield of 2 500 kg/hm2 of luffa in Foshan. Key words Foshan; Luffa; Index system of fertilization; Efficiency analysis

Measures for Verification Collection of Enterprise income Tax[for Trial Implementation]

Article 1 With a view to strengthening the adminis- tration of collection of enterprise income tax,regulating the verification collection of enterprise income tax,ensuring the timeliness and full amount of state revenue and maintaining

Framework for Quality Improvement of Infrastructure Projects

In order to achieve high quality that not only gives acceptable return value to society but also satisfies the needs of all the stakeholders of infrastructure projects, comprehensive understanding of issues pertaining to the quality of the project is needed. The aim of this study is to provide an overview the most common procurement methods used in constructing infrastructure transport projects and analyze how these methods contribute to the desired quality of the final product in relation to client competence. An on-line survey of construction actors was carried out to ascertain quality level of Swedish infrastructure transport projects and determinant factors of quality problems. An equal number of respondents indicated that the quality of infrastructure projects has either increased or remained same level over the past twenty years. Respondents also pointed out lack of client competence that is vital in realizing the desired quality level through proper procurement, monitoring and evaluation procedures. Public clients heavily rely on traditional design-build procurement that requires considerable client involvement of a project. Thus, the association of quality problems and lack of client competence may not be a mere coincidence but an overlooked outcome of current situation.

Advanced Methods of Evaluating Benefits from Improved Flood Immunity in Queensland

The regular occurrence and the high costs of flooding to both road agencies and communities is a strong impetus to investigate the methodologies applied to evaluating flood immunity road projects. Very little literature exists on methods of evaluating the benefits of improving flood immunity through better road infrastructure. This paper attempts to address some of the numerous issues hindering the accurate evaluation of flood immunity road projects. The methodologies presented in this paper are designed to evaluate benefits that are not normally included or not fully considered in evaluations; such benefits include reduced flood related road accidents, costs of not travelling during the closure period and additional costs from unanticipated flood events. A key focus of the paper is the consideration of the evaluation of improved flood immunity from a network perspective rather than the typical approach of evaluating flood immunity projects in isolation to each other. The application of the proposed methodologies is demonstrated with a hypothetical example of a typical rural network subjected to regular flooding. The results of the analysis, conducted using the proposed methodologies, reveals that the currently applied methodologies account for less than half the likely value of benefits of a package of projects that will prevent the complete isolation of communities during serious flood events.

Performance-based seismic financial risk assessment of reinforced concrete frame structures

Engineering facilities subjected to natural hazards(such as winds and earthquakes) will result in risk when any designed system(i.e.capacity) will not be able to meet the performance required(i.e.demand).Risk might be expressed either as a likelihood of damage or potential financial loss.Engineers tend to make use of the former(i.e.damage).Nevertheless,other non-technical stakeholders cannot get useful information from damage.However,if financial risk is expressed on the basis of probable monetary loss,it will be easily understood by all.Therefore,it is necessary to develop methodologies which communicate the system capacity and demand to financial risk,Incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) was applied in a performance-based earthquake engineering context to do hazard analysis,structural analysis,damage analysis and loss analysis of a reinforced concrete(RC) frame structure.And the financial implications of risk were expressed by expected annual loss(EAL).The quantitative risk analysis proposed is applicable to any engineering facilities and any natural hazards.It is shown that the results from the IDA can be used to assess the overall financial risk exposure to earthquake hazard for a given constructed facility.The computational IDA-EAL method will enable engineers to take into account the long-term financial implications in addition to the construction cost.Consequently,it will help stakeholders make decisions.

Sustainable Data Analytics for Environmental Performance Monitoring in Dynamic Supply Chain Infrastructure

The increase in climate change raises the awareness of societal stakeholders to act as key-drivers in motivating and pushing corporations to monitor their sustainability data transparency, analyse their operations performance, and improve their operations related to environment, social governance, and corporate social responsibility. This paper evaluates the current importance of the societal stakeholders that impact the compliance of companies towards these environmental, social and governance practices in their supply chain operations. The latest review on the sustainability reporting and its data analytics are carried out, followed by a review of the development of a sustainability reporting and data analytics model, including sustainability software and online platforms in facilitating and supporting supply chain practitioners in their decision-making process. The model has been further developed as a dashboard and applied to a maritime supply chain firm. A case analysis has been conducted to illustrate the importance of analytics data in supporting complex decision-making process. Additional intelligent data analytics functionalities are recommended as future development for the sustainability reporting and data analytics dashboard in supply chain operations.

梯级水电站群补偿效益求解及分配机制研究

针对梯级水电站群补偿关系难以量化且尚未形成行之有效的补偿效益分配机制的问题,提出可得到流域梯级任一施益电站补偿效益的求解思路,并基于改进逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS法),将传统分配方法纳入综合评价,建立施益、受益电站间补偿效益分配机制。将其应用于乌江干流10级电站补偿效益求解和分配实例中,结果表明:通过本文提出的求解思路可以明确乌江干流5个施益电站与下游电站的补偿关系,计算过程简便,具备较强的理论基础;基于改进TOPSIS法确定的各评价指标权重符合预期,分配结果合理,可为各电站利益博弈提供理论依据,有利于促进梯级合作,实现流域水力发电效益最大化。

Assessing Nitrogen Fertilization Strategies in Winter Wheat and Cotton Crops in Northern Greece

The management of fertilizer application is crucial for agricultural production and environmental safety. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of different fertilization strategies, applying fertilizers with and without nitrification inhibitors （NIs） in split application, in Greece. The assessment criteria used were based on crop yield, soil nitrogen （N） concentrations and economic efficiency. For this purpose two crops （winter wheat and cotton） were selected in order to explore the optimum fertilization strategy for each crop. Three treatments combining fertilizers with NIs were tested compared with conventional fertilization （CF）. Slight differences in the quantity and the combination of fertilizers with NIs applied resulted in variable effects on crop yield, soil N and economic return. Split N application of 102 kg ha^（-1）, with half of the total amount applied at seeding, resulted in higher grain yield of winter wheat, lower NO3-N in soil and higher economic return. This result reveals the importance of N application at seeding in wheat crop. Fertilization strategy with 109.5 kg N ha^（-1） and split P application resulted in higher cotton yield and higher economic profit. Split P application seemed to increase yield, even though it is not a common practise in the area.