[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38,...[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38, 276 and 414 kg N/hm2, according to three fertilization approaches (approach 1: N fertilizer at 10% as base fertilizer, 30% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% N fertilizer applied to big ridging; approach 2: 30% N fertilizer as base fertilizer, 70% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing; approach 3: 100% N fertilizer as base fertilizer). Some sugarcane in-dices, such as agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients, were measured to research the relationship of N fertilizer with sugarcane growth and soil nutrients. [Result] Sug-arcane yield was increasing upon N fertilizer and reached the peak with N fertilizer at 276 kg N/hm2. In addition, early application of N fertilizer would promote sugar-cane jointing, growth and increase sugarcane yield. Nitrogen and available K con-tents were increasing upon N fertilizer, but excessive N fertilizer also caused soil acidification. N fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying N fertilizer completely as base fertil-izer was likely to cause N loss and low use efficiency. [Conclusion] The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is to apply N fertilizer twice at 138-276 kg N/hm^2.展开更多
The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using "contrast" design method of fertilizer field expe...The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using "contrast" design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.展开更多
In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, "Yishizhuang", and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts ...In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, "Yishizhuang", and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What' more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.展开更多
Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that t...Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N+P+K〉N+K〉N+P, P+K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [(NH2)2CO, 150 g/plant] + calcium superphosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2.H20, 220 g/plant] + potassium sulphate (K2SO4, 75 g/plant).展开更多
A twelve-year field trial was carried out to determine the impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus (P) distribu- tion in the soil profile, P balance, and the transformation and availability of soil P in a blac...A twelve-year field trial was carried out to determine the impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus (P) distribu- tion in the soil profile, P balance, and the transformation and availability of soil P in a black soil (Phaeozem, FAO). Under a wheat-soybean-corn rotation, during twelve years where no fertilizer was applied, crops removed 60 and 81 mg P kg-1 soil in the control and NK treatment, respectively. About one third of the P absorbed by crops was originated from organic P. Ca2-P, Cag-P, Al-P and Fe-P were the main forms of inorganic P absorbed by crops. The surplus P from fertilization remained in the 0-20 cm soil layer and increased with the application rate of P. The combined application of NP or NPK increased available P to a lesser extent than the combined application of PK. Fertilizer P had mainly transformed to the Al-P, Fe-P, Ca2-P, and Cas-P forms. By using the P budget (X), changes in total P (Y1) and available P (Y2) in soils under the current cropping system could be predicted by the equations: Y1 = 0.02 + 1.01X and Y2 = 2.08 + 0.15X.展开更多
In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen (N) supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the ...In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen (N) supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N (TN) and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly (P 〈 0.05) with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased (P 〈 0.05) hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.展开更多
Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanx...Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with thr…展开更多
Ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied as a basal fertilizer and a top dressing at tillering stage in a wheat field of Taihu Region, China, were measured with a micrometeorological technique. Urea as fertiliz...Ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied as a basal fertilizer and a top dressing at tillering stage in a wheat field of Taihu Region, China, were measured with a micrometeorological technique. Urea as fertilizer was surface broadcast at 81 (low N) and 135 (high N) kg N ha-1 as basal at the 3-leaf stage of the wheat seedling on December 2002, and 54 (low N) and 90 (high N) kg N ha-1 as top dressing on February 2003. Ammonia volatilization losses occurred mainly in the first week after applying N fert…展开更多
A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using ...A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using the soil Nmin (mineral N) test as well as the plant nitrate and SPAD (portable chlorophyll meter readings) tests. The results showed that Nmin sollwert (NS) 60 kg N ha-1 at the third leaf stage and N rate of 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 at the tenth leaf stage could meet the N requirement of summer maiz…展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby pro...[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea(containing N 46%),causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate(P2O520%),alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium(K2O 50%) was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.展开更多
By assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices in China, the influence of climate change on winter wheat is simulated using the corrected future climate projections under SRES A2 and A1B scenar...By assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices in China, the influence of climate change on winter wheat is simulated using the corrected future climate projections under SRES A2 and A1B scenarios from 2012 to 2100, respectively. The results indicate that the growth of winter wheat would be strongly influenced by climate change in future. The average flowering and maturity dates of winter wheat would advance by 26 and 27 days under scenario A2, and by 23 and 24 days respectively under scenario A1B from 2012 to 2100. The simulated potential productivity of winter wheat shows a decrease of 14.3% and 12.5% for scenarios A2 and A1B respectively without the fertilization effect of CO2, while an increase of 1.3% and 0.6% with the fertilization effect of CO2. Additionally, for northern China, the simulated potential productivity would markedly decrease under both scenarios, independent with the fertilization effect of CO2, which indicates that the current planted winter wheat would be more vulnerable than that in southern China. The most likely reason is the current winter wheat varieties in northern China are winter varieties or strong winter varieties, which need some days of low temperature for dormancy. While in southern China, the winter wheat is spring or half winter varieties and can grow slowly during winter, thus, they would be affected slightly when winter temperature increases. The results of this study may have important implications for adaptation measures.展开更多
Soil and tissue analyses are usually used in identifying potassium(K) deficiencies and predicting K fertilizer requirements of crops.The critical levels of both soil and fresh leaf tissue at seventh leaf stage were de...Soil and tissue analyses are usually used in identifying potassium(K) deficiencies and predicting K fertilizer requirements of crops.The critical levels of both soil and fresh leaf tissue at seventh leaf stage were developed and assessed for canola,chickpea and sunflower grown on two Saskatchewan,soils,with six rates of K fertilizer supply, in a growth chamber experiment.The available potassium in soils was determined by two methods:1)resin strip extraction, and 2) NH4OAC extraction. The potassium in fresh leaves was determined at seventh leaf stage by a simple procedure using a common garlic press and injector to extract the plant sap and testing the sap with a handheld ion selection electrode meter. The results shoWed significant relationships between the resin strip extractable K and NH4OAC extractable K, and between the plant uptake of total K and the supply of available K in the soils determined by the two methods. Good relationships were also found between the potassium in fresh leaves and the plant uptake of total K for canola, chickpea and sunflower.The resin strip extraction for K was calibrated using common NH4OAC extraction, and recommended for routine analyses because of its simplicity and sensitivity.展开更多
A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficien...A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Phosphorous (P) fertilizer (i.e. TSP or triple super phosphate @ 80 kg/hm^2) on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of three potentially important agrofo...An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Phosphorous (P) fertilizer (i.e. TSP or triple super phosphate @ 80 kg/hm^2) on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of three potentially important agroforestry tree species (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia procera) of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in nursery beds with six-month-old polybag seedlings ofA. auriculiformis, A. lebbeck and A. procera. The effects of P fertilizer on seedling growth and nodulation were compared with that of the seedlings grown in control (i.e. unfertilized soil). The observations revealed that the seedling growth was enhanced significantly with the application of P fertilizer. The growth was found more pronounced in A. auriculiformis, whereas it was not apparent and shows depressed growth in case ofA. lebbeck. The study also suggests that the nodulation in terms of nodule number and size was also increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil at an Experimental Farm in Taejon, South Korea, to determine the effects of paper mill sludge compost application rates on K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations of soybe...A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil at an Experimental Farm in Taejon, South Korea, to determine the effects of paper mill sludge compost application rates on K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) aboveground tissues and the genotypic effects on the concentrations of these elements. Sludge compost treatments of 0, 75, and 150 t ha-1 were applied to 30 diverse soybean cultivars. Concentrations of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in aboveground tissues harvested 69 days after …展开更多
[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fert...[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County. [Method] Through carrying out "3414" corn field fertilizer efficiency experiment in Suijiang County, with the help of "3414" field experiment design and data analysis management system" software, the ternary quadratic and one-variable quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations on corn yield were analyzed. [Result] The optimum fertilization scheme for corn in the region was as follows: when pure N, pure P2O5 and K2O were respectively 244.38, 58.75 and 107.38 kg/hm^2, the the obtained best yield of corn was 6 975.60 kg/hm^2, and the maximum benefit was 16 888.58RMB/hm^2. [Conclusion] The reasonable formula of N, P and K fertilizers can not only improve the yield of corn, but also increase economic benefit, having certain reference significance to the development of formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County.展开更多
There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewic...There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees ('Topaz'/M26) obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years (2011-2014). The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(NYCYTXGXCXTD-02)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2011GXNSFB018040)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement(13-A-04-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to improve use ratio of N fertilizer in sugarcane production and reduce N pol ution in agricultural production. [Method] With ROC22 as materials, N fertilizer quantities were set, including 38, 276 and 414 kg N/hm2, according to three fertilization approaches (approach 1: N fertilizer at 10% as base fertilizer, 30% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing, 60% N fertilizer applied to big ridging; approach 2: 30% N fertilizer as base fertilizer, 70% N fertilizer applied to soil dressing; approach 3: 100% N fertilizer as base fertilizer). Some sugarcane in-dices, such as agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrients, were measured to research the relationship of N fertilizer with sugarcane growth and soil nutrients. [Result] Sug-arcane yield was increasing upon N fertilizer and reached the peak with N fertilizer at 276 kg N/hm2. In addition, early application of N fertilizer would promote sugar-cane jointing, growth and increase sugarcane yield. Nitrogen and available K con-tents were increasing upon N fertilizer, but excessive N fertilizer also caused soil acidification. N fertilizer applied early could help dissolve soil phosphate and improve phosphorus absorption and utilization. Applying N fertilizer completely as base fertil-izer was likely to cause N loss and low use efficiency. [Conclusion] The appropriate application mode for sugarcane is to apply N fertilizer twice at 138-276 kg N/hm^2.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of Hainan Land Reclamation Bureau([2009]57)~~
文摘The influence of formula fertilization optimization on dry rubber yield and economic benefits of the rubber plantation in Hainan Longjiang Farm were studied by using "contrast" design method of fertilizer field experiments. The results showed that the actual production rate reached 4.61% and the net production rate of dry rubber reached 3.97% by application of optimized fertilization formula. Analysis of variance showed that the average dry rubber yield in optimization of formula fertil- ization area was significantly higher than that of conventional area. The results also indicated that the optimization of formula fertilization had obvious economic benefits, and each rubber tree reduced cost and increased 9.95 yuan on average after the test.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-13)National Agricultural Science Technology Achievement Transformation Fund(2014GB2D200211)~~
文摘In the east of Hunan Province, the research introduced new-type special controI ed-reIease fertiIizer for rapeseed, "Yishizhuang", and expIored its appIications in direct-seeding of rapeseed production. The resuIts showed that the appIication of special controI ed reIease fertiIizer for rapeseeds avoids earIy decIine of rapeseed resuIting from fertiIizer Ioss by one-off appIication, improves the number of green Ieaf before winter, and extends photosynthetic Iifespan of pods, which significantIy increases yields. What' more, with higher output-input ratio, the fertiIizer takes ad-vantages in saving cost, Iabor and increasing yield.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Forestry Public Welfare Profession of China(201104026)~~
文摘Using complete and orthogonal design, fertilization trials were conducted for the young growth of Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghua hongye in the fluviogenic soil in Xindu District, Chengdu City. The results showed that the application ef- fect of the single nutrient elements ranked as K〉N〉P, and that of the fertilization combinations ranked as N+P+K〉N+K〉N+P, P+K. The optimum fertilization formula was urea [(NH2)2CO, 150 g/plant] + calcium superphosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2.H20, 220 g/plant] + potassium sulphate (K2SO4, 75 g/plant).
基金1 Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-413-8) and theHundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A twelve-year field trial was carried out to determine the impact of long-term fertilization on phosphorus (P) distribu- tion in the soil profile, P balance, and the transformation and availability of soil P in a black soil (Phaeozem, FAO). Under a wheat-soybean-corn rotation, during twelve years where no fertilizer was applied, crops removed 60 and 81 mg P kg-1 soil in the control and NK treatment, respectively. About one third of the P absorbed by crops was originated from organic P. Ca2-P, Cag-P, Al-P and Fe-P were the main forms of inorganic P absorbed by crops. The surplus P from fertilization remained in the 0-20 cm soil layer and increased with the application rate of P. The combined application of NP or NPK increased available P to a lesser extent than the combined application of PK. Fertilizer P had mainly transformed to the Al-P, Fe-P, Ca2-P, and Cas-P forms. By using the P budget (X), changes in total P (Y1) and available P (Y2) in soils under the current cropping system could be predicted by the equations: Y1 = 0.02 + 1.01X and Y2 = 2.08 + 0.15X.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30390080 and 30370287).
文摘In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen (N) supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N (TN) and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly (P 〈 0.05) with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased (P 〈 0.05) hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-413-3) the Field Station Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50479065 and 90102012)
文摘Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with thr…
文摘Ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied as a basal fertilizer and a top dressing at tillering stage in a wheat field of Taihu Region, China, were measured with a micrometeorological technique. Urea as fertilizer was surface broadcast at 81 (low N) and 135 (high N) kg N ha-1 as basal at the 3-leaf stage of the wheat seedling on December 2002, and 54 (low N) and 90 (high N) kg N ha-1 as top dressing on February 2003. Ammonia volatilization losses occurred mainly in the first week after applying N fert…
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30390080 and 30370287)the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Germany.
文摘A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using the soil Nmin (mineral N) test as well as the plant nitrate and SPAD (portable chlorophyll meter readings) tests. The results showed that Nmin sollwert (NS) 60 kg N ha-1 at the third leaf stage and N rate of 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 at the tenth leaf stage could meet the N requirement of summer maiz…
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD40B02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea(containing N 46%),causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate(P2O520%),alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium(K2O 50%) was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.
基金supported by the impact of agrometeorology disasters on agriculture under climate change in China(No.GYHY201106021)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB955301)
文摘By assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices in China, the influence of climate change on winter wheat is simulated using the corrected future climate projections under SRES A2 and A1B scenarios from 2012 to 2100, respectively. The results indicate that the growth of winter wheat would be strongly influenced by climate change in future. The average flowering and maturity dates of winter wheat would advance by 26 and 27 days under scenario A2, and by 23 and 24 days respectively under scenario A1B from 2012 to 2100. The simulated potential productivity of winter wheat shows a decrease of 14.3% and 12.5% for scenarios A2 and A1B respectively without the fertilization effect of CO2, while an increase of 1.3% and 0.6% with the fertilization effect of CO2. Additionally, for northern China, the simulated potential productivity would markedly decrease under both scenarios, independent with the fertilization effect of CO2, which indicates that the current planted winter wheat would be more vulnerable than that in southern China. The most likely reason is the current winter wheat varieties in northern China are winter varieties or strong winter varieties, which need some days of low temperature for dormancy. While in southern China, the winter wheat is spring or half winter varieties and can grow slowly during winter, thus, they would be affected slightly when winter temperature increases. The results of this study may have important implications for adaptation measures.
文摘Soil and tissue analyses are usually used in identifying potassium(K) deficiencies and predicting K fertilizer requirements of crops.The critical levels of both soil and fresh leaf tissue at seventh leaf stage were developed and assessed for canola,chickpea and sunflower grown on two Saskatchewan,soils,with six rates of K fertilizer supply, in a growth chamber experiment.The available potassium in soils was determined by two methods:1)resin strip extraction, and 2) NH4OAC extraction. The potassium in fresh leaves was determined at seventh leaf stage by a simple procedure using a common garlic press and injector to extract the plant sap and testing the sap with a handheld ion selection electrode meter. The results shoWed significant relationships between the resin strip extractable K and NH4OAC extractable K, and between the plant uptake of total K and the supply of available K in the soils determined by the two methods. Good relationships were also found between the potassium in fresh leaves and the plant uptake of total K for canola, chickpea and sunflower.The resin strip extraction for K was calibrated using common NH4OAC extraction, and recommended for routine analyses because of its simplicity and sensitivity.
基金supported by the Special Financial Support Program on Agriculture Research of Public Welfare Industry (Grant No. nyhyzx07-007-6)Special Fund for the Guangdong Modern Agriculture Industrial System Construction(Guangdong Agriculture 2009-380)+2 种基金Guangdong Agriculture Brainstorm Project ( Grant No. 2008B021000045, 2009B 020202003)the National Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No.2007BAD89B14)Agriculture Brainstorm Project of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong province(Grant No.2010-Z-82-1)
文摘A macro scale survey was performed to investigate the content of soil available nitrogen (N) and its spatial distribution in the main vegetable production areas of the Pearl River Delta.Preliminary enrichment-deficient index of available N was then developed,which was a base for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and vegetable yield as well as for constructing soil testing and fertilizing formula.In general,most of the vegetable growth areas in Pearl River Delta were N-deficient or medium-N-deficient.There was 30%-62% increase in yield of Chinese cabbage on the N-deficient soil after application of N; when soil available N content was less than 145 mg/kg,the yield increased with application of N fertilizer at a rate of 60-70 kg/hm2.
文摘An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of Phosphorous (P) fertilizer (i.e. TSP or triple super phosphate @ 80 kg/hm^2) on seedling growth and nodulation capabilities of three potentially important agroforestry tree species (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia procera) of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in nursery beds with six-month-old polybag seedlings ofA. auriculiformis, A. lebbeck and A. procera. The effects of P fertilizer on seedling growth and nodulation were compared with that of the seedlings grown in control (i.e. unfertilized soil). The observations revealed that the seedling growth was enhanced significantly with the application of P fertilizer. The growth was found more pronounced in A. auriculiformis, whereas it was not apparent and shows depressed growth in case ofA. lebbeck. The study also suggests that the nodulation in terms of nodule number and size was also increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer.
文摘A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil at an Experimental Farm in Taejon, South Korea, to determine the effects of paper mill sludge compost application rates on K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) aboveground tissues and the genotypic effects on the concentrations of these elements. Sludge compost treatments of 0, 75, and 150 t ha-1 were applied to 30 diverse soybean cultivars. Concentrations of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in aboveground tissues harvested 69 days after …
基金Supported by Subsidy Project of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation by Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(Nong Ban Cai〔2012〕42,Yun Nong Cai〔2012〕29)~~
文摘[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County. [Method] Through carrying out "3414" corn field fertilizer efficiency experiment in Suijiang County, with the help of "3414" field experiment design and data analysis management system" software, the ternary quadratic and one-variable quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations on corn yield were analyzed. [Result] The optimum fertilization scheme for corn in the region was as follows: when pure N, pure P2O5 and K2O were respectively 244.38, 58.75 and 107.38 kg/hm^2, the the obtained best yield of corn was 6 975.60 kg/hm^2, and the maximum benefit was 16 888.58RMB/hm^2. [Conclusion] The reasonable formula of N, P and K fertilizers can not only improve the yield of corn, but also increase economic benefit, having certain reference significance to the development of formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County.
文摘There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees ('Topaz'/M26) obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years (2011-2014). The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.