亚旅游目的地的理论与实证研究

亚旅游目的地现象,是我国各省市旅游业在发展进程中不可忽视的问题和瓶颈,也是我国从旅游大国迈向旅游强国必须考虑的问题。文章梳理了"旅游资源阴影区"、"旅游资源非优区"等相关定义,并进行对比分析,站在旅游者角度,提出亚旅游目的地的概念和特征。随后,以四川省精品旅游路线("九黄线")为例,采用田野调查法,对线路上六大景点的游客消费和偏好特征进行调研,前瞻性地提出鉴定亚旅游目的地的方法,即线路设计鉴定法及综合因素评估法,并针对亚旅游目的地的未来发展提出相应对策。

基于乡村旅游功能区构建角度的亚旅游目的地开发研究

亚旅游目的地可以概括为一定旅游区域内被形象遮蔽的旅游景点统称。相较于主流旅游目的地,亚旅游目的地在旅游资源品级、市场竞争力、品牌影响力等方面不同程度处于相对弱势的尴尬局面。因此,亚旅游目的地的旅游形象及知名度在特定区域内也相对滞后于开发成熟的旅游景区。在旅游资源密集的亚旅游目的地构建旅游功能区是整合当地资源,提升旅游形象的重要途径。本文从亚旅游目的地的角度,以成都乡村旅游为例,对比分析了成都主流旅游景点与乡村旅游之间的关系,对成都乡村旅游未来的发展瓶颈做出分析,提出了乡村旅游地旅游功能区的构建思路。

亚旅游目的地城市旅游公共服务体系优化路径

旅游服务具有典型的公共性,良好的旅游公共服务供给依赖于完善的公共服务体系。作为旅游产品供给的主体之一,亚旅游目的地城市旅游产业发展迅速,但是长期以来却缺乏学界的关注,是旅游城市理论研究的盲区。本文首次定义了亚旅游目的地城市的概念及主要特征,解析了亚旅游目的地城市旅游公共服务体系的构成和特点,对亚旅游目的地城市旅游公共服务系统的优化提出了针对性意见。

亚轨道旅游合同领域当事人意思自治的适用

亚轨道旅游合同作为新出现的合同种类,对应的法律适用原则需要满足该合同的特点所提出的具体法律适用要求,当事人意思自治在此方面具有明显优势。受到该合同特点的影响,需要对当事人意思自治做出限制的情况无法避免。在亚轨道旅游合同领域,对当事人意思自治做出的限制应当是为确保其适用效果而做出的,其属于意思自治原则的自我调节功能。这种限制不应扩张到对当事人的选法对象做出具体限制的领域。

亚轨道旅游法律问题研究

亚轨道旅游具有广阔的发展前景。以运载机与轨道机的分离时间为结点,亚轨道飞行分为两个阶段,分离前的飞行阶段属于空气空间活动,适用航空法,分离后的飞行阶段属于外层空间活动,适用外层空间法。亚轨道旅游中的认可、登记制度和赔偿责任问题要区分不同的飞行阶段,分别适用航空法与外层空间法。

论亚旅游目的地背景下乡村旅游的构建

从我国各大城市的乡村旅游发展现状可知，乡村旅游客源市场和发展规模都在迅速扩大，但无论是以乡村风情游览为主的乡村旅游地，还是以休闲度假为主的乡村度假区，不可避免地遭受到城市其他知名旅游地的形象遮蔽，使其处于较为弱势的亚旅游目的地，较难摆脱城市边缘旅游地形象。

洞庭东山旅游景区开发与布局研究

本文根据东山旅游资源的组合与开发现状初步划分了东山旅游风景亚区,并分析了东山旅游亚景区的区域条件、客源市场、地域结构和景区特色,提出了东山旅游景区开发的方向。

Management in Sustainable Tourism Development of Serbian Spas

Since Serbia disposes with significant natural potentials, it could have been among the most attractive countries in Europe only if the historical circumstances had been different. Existing natural resources and possibilities for their improvement demand planned strategy to make them efficient. Tourism, as a significant instrument of development, can and should take an active part in the strategy of sustainable development. Special attention in the paper is paid to the development of Vrnjacka Banja Spa as it is one of the main tourist destinations in Serbia. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business venture （SWOT） analysis offers the basic elements for defining the strategic direction and program priorities, measures and targets for improving the overall development of spas in Serbia. To identify the SWOT factors, we used materials from a number of studies on Serbian tourism, surveys on tourists in Vrnjcka Banja Spa and analysis of the market and competition. The SWOT analysis proves that the priority in development of spas in Serbia is attractiveness of the destination which involves the spa-health tourism with great potential in complementary forms of tourism, such as sport-recreational, cultural, transit and hunting tourism. It means that the future strategy should be based on improving and involving modern spa products. It means improving and maximizing marketing so as to make the tourist destination attractive. It further implies maximum investment in modern tourist products.

Normative Versus Perceptual Gap Analysis of Hotel Product Quality as a Service to Tourism in Kenya

Kenya＇s tourism business stagnated from 1991 to 2003 and only registered small but steady grew from 2004. One of the sectors that recorded poor performance as a result of the slow growth of tourism is the hotel business. Despite this slack, stakeholders in Kenya have not tried to assess the extent to which the quality of this sector may impact on destination preference. The ultimate purpose of this research was to establish the quality gap between the expected and the perceived hotel product/service quality from both the perspective of the tourists and the hotel operators in Kenya. It was motivated by the need to create parameters that can elavate the competitiveness of Kenya＇s tourism using the hotel product/service quality offer. Descriptive quantitative research design was used to establish the secondary objectives and to assess two propositions set for the study. A sample of 211 tourists and 19 hotel operators in two major tourist provinces of Kenya was used to obtain information regarding normative and perceptive hotel product/service quality. Kenya＇s only destination marketing organisation, Kenya Tourist Board （KTB） marketers were also surveyed to provide insight on Kenya＇s destination position with regard to the motivation of tourists to visit Kenya. The study established that although the attractions which make tourists come to Kenya are the unique wildlife safari, beach tourism and the natural scenery, hotel product quality and hospitality plays a vital role in motivating tourists to choose Kenya as the destination to visit. However, this study found out that while the tourists and hotel operators agree on the normative hotel product quality level, there is a significant gap between the normative quality and the perceptual quality registered by tourists who used hotel services. The study established that hotel operators only recognize quality regulatory institutions with statutory and legal authority to incriminate facilities that do not comply with laid down operational requirements such as Hotels and Restaurants Authority and the Local Authority Public Health Department. The study has proposed an integrated framework that may be utilized to build a superior national hotel product/service quality so that the economic potential of tourism is maximized in Kenya.

Marketing in the Function of Promotion of Tourism and Hunting Tourism Potentials in Rural Regions

This paper presents the importance of the development of Serbian rural regions, and analyzes their marketing management potentials. Thus the paper aims to examine rural tourism and hunting tourism in particular in order to evaluate their development as a lucrative type of investment, while considering the including promotional activities. Certain disadvantages and problems that Serbian hunting tourism has been facing as well as the directions for their solution are addressed in the paper.

Sites to Remember： Performing the Landscape in Cultural History

This paper aims to compare and contrast two site-specific performance productions, both designed to grapple with processes of cultural remembrance, whilst also operating as successful tourist attractions. The narratives encompassed by both productions revolve around shared Australian histories, for audiences attracted by place and what it is able to represent. Re-enactments of past events call into the present a consideration of what still remains, with both shows enabling new subjective interpretations of earlier times. The defining difference between the two, however, rests in the context of each performance, in the one case as a commodification of heritage and in the other case as the desire to produce an artistic yet popular theatrical product. Ballarat＇s, Sovereign Hill＇s light and sound show, Blood on the Southern Cross celebrates and commemorates, in mega-spectacle style, the Eureka Stockade, one of Australia＇s key historical events. Using a mechanised display of the original goldmining site of the Eureka rebellion, the performance is operated by computers with video-projection, multi-phonic sound, and moving model forms, with audiences moved around the massive site on transporters. The Piccolo Tales, a contrasting performance most notably in terms of size, unfolds the history of Kings Cross, through its setting in the miniscule iconic Piccolo Bar, in one of the tiny side streets of Sydney＇s bustling and densest suburb. This paper encompasses an investigation of how the cultural inscriptions of the two specific sites interweave with the performance styles, materials, political and social positioning of the works. Previous performance studies examining site-specificity are utilised, including the author＇s analysis of particular festival performances as ＂place-making＂ （Hayes, 2012, 2013）. Smith＇s （2009） model of ＂signposts＂ is used to consider acting within site-specific productions in a new light, whilst both performances are more completely analysed through Schneider＇s （2011） concept of incomplete pasts forming ＂cycles of memory＂.

Local Community Participation in Homestay Program Development in Malaysia

The tourism industry is the second largest economic contributor in Malaysia, following the manufacturing sector. In 2008, recorded tourist arrivals reached 22.05 million and resulted in RM49.6 billion （USD13.4 billion） in revenue. The government has recognized the tourism industry in Malaysia as an engine for economic, social, political and ecological development, especially in rural areas. The Homestay Program is actively promoted by the Ministry of Tourism as a type of community based tourism in Malaysia. It is realized by the government as a catalyst for rural community development, particularly from a socio-economic perspective. The benefits of community based tourism can be further developed through the participation of women, youth and retired people. To realize the potential of the Homestay Program, the Malaysian Rural Tourism Master Plan 2001 was formulated. In the Malaysian Plan （2006-2010）, one of the points of focus by the government is on community development; rural tourism is one of the mechanisms. By June 2009, there had been 3,264 participants in 140 Homestays. Recently, the Ministry of Tourism has given the Homestay Program special emphasis. Under the 9th Malaysia Plan, a total of RM40 million was allocated to the ministry for upgrading infrastructure and facilities in participating villages. Developing the capabilities of local communities is an important component in ensuring the tourism development project benefits them; without supporting the communities in their endeavors, the physical development means nothing to them. If local communities are not equipped to actively participate, third parties could easily manipulate them, resulting in external domination of tourism development. Therefore, this descriptive study explores the motivation of local communities involved in the Homestay Program and the readiness among the local communities, as well as the appropriateness of training provided by government agencies aimed towards empowering local communities. Sixty-two respondents from local communities actively involved in operating the Homestay Program participated in this study. Respondents were from the district of Muar, Johore, Malaysia （Homestay Kg. Parit Bugis, Homestay Kg. Satang Buaya, and Homestay Kg. Melayu Baharu, Bt 28 Lenga）.

An Assessment of Strategies for Cultural Heritage Management and Tourism Development in the Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania

This paper assesses the manner in which a local community has been incorporated into the management and utilization of cultural heritage resources in the lake Eyasi basin, northern Tanzania, in order to reduce poverty. One of the most important programs used to encourage rural developments is the outlay of cultural tourism. Lake Eyasi region is one of the few regions in Tanzania with brilliant cultural heritage resources including archaeological sites and distinctive indigenous cultural traits that cannot be seen in other places across Eastern Africa. Archaeological records of this region exhibit the earliest evidence for hominin morphological change from archaic to modem humans. It is also coherent key development traits including complex lithic technologies and artistic imaginations as it is the case for all living people. Ethnographic research in the region sheds light on the living standards of a modem foraging community that has consistently relied on wildlife resources for several decades. Both archaeological and ethnographical aspects have made this region an enduring attraction for tourists to seek a unique experience and gain an appreciation for the past. Even though there are positive impacts of tourism on rural development, there are potential challenges that need immediate attention.

People and Parks in Kenya： Toward Co-Existence？ The Case of Saiwa Swamp and Kakamega Forest Natural Areas

Over the years, protected areas have largely been associated with tourism activities where the global meets the local. Indeed, it is widely acknowledged that ＂parks are for people and forever＂. This implies that conservation areas must serve different and divergent interest groups for posterity. Moreover, amidst the proposal to manage natural resources at a local level, it should be appreciated that the local people have continuously been alienated. This paper discusses the conservation areas of Kakamega Forest and Saiwa Swamp in Western Kenya. Through questionnaire interviews with the local communities and natural area managers, it investigates the link among the local communities, protected areas, and tourism as envisaged in the Ecotourism Kenya motto. It concludes that sometimes tourism can be so close to the local people yet so far. Thus, for this linkage to occur, tourists should be fascinated by the cultural aspect （if provided by the local people） and that the local people should seize the opportunity to benefit from such visits.

Tourism in the Valleys of European Rivers, Comparing the Loire Valley and the Danube Valley in Serbia

The analysis of forms of tourism trends in the Loire Valley aims to initiate similar ideas in the Danube Valley in Serbia. The field research identified similar relief qualities, fertile alluvial soil, and similar economic activities, such as farming, animal husbandry, horticulture and viticulture, which are reminiscent of the Danube valley. In addition to these similarities, similarities were observed in the sphere of social life. in terms of methodology, results are obtained from： field observation, using literature sources and maps, interviewing local people in both valleys, and the application of analytical methods and comparisons. The importance of this work is the enrichment of the knowledge of two important European valleys. Research results can be included in the regional geography courses at all educational levels, and can be used at the local level. Communities in the valley of the Danube can be modeled on the experience from the Loire Valley, organize their activities, and thus improve the quality of life.