发展新质生产力:旅游业的逻辑分析框架

为了建构旅游业发展新质生产力的逻辑分析框架,本文应用熊彼特创新理论梳理了从国家视域到旅游业视域新质生产力的逻辑演绎线索,认为旅游业的新质生产力发展实质上是一个创新扩散的过程。技术变革与经济社会文化变革互为表里,引致旅游需求和公共政策两个方面的演进,推动旅游企业组织和旅游产业组织的一系列更新,进而对社会系统形成积极回馈。根据此逻辑分析框架,降低旅游交易成本和提升旅游性价比依旧是旅游业创新的核心,而虚拟旅游企业是未来可以预见的一个重要趋向。

旅游业高质量发展的微观机理探析——以旅游性价比为中心

旅游业高质量发展以旅游经济质量的提升为基础,其微观机理亟需探索.基于旅游供需两个方面的基本特征,借鉴奥地利学派的价格形成理论,从旅游者利益最大化视角出发,建构了旅游性价比分析的拓展框架和四种典型类型,并利用收入弹性、价格弹性、交叉弹性等工具,对旅游性价比展开动态分析.结合2013—2019年国民收入按五等份分组的平均可支配收入等统计资料,把国民旅游市场分为价格导向型、偏价格导向型、中间型、偏品质导向型和品质导向型五类,并判断这五类市场的规模占比接近正态分布,由此认为,在未来一段时期内,旅游业高质量发展将表现为产品品质竞争和价格竞争的并存并重.依据帕累托最优原则,进一步分析了提高游客让渡价值的途径,指出发展数字旅游、防止市场垄断和增强公共服务,是充分发挥政府作用、促进旅游性价比提升的主要手段.

对“窝火旅游”的反思

通过对现今一些旅行社的不规范甚至违法经营行为进行批露,反思"货不对板"、"卖猪仔"、"价格战"和"零团费"等旅游乱象后认为:旅游者对旅游产品认知的偏差以及旅游行政部门的失当行为是导致"窝火旅游"的根本原因,应对旅行社采取基本产品定价模式(Primary Product Price Model)管理,对导游服务公司进行改革,实现导游服务职业化,这是政府治理旅游乱象的一剂良方。

Evaluation and Development of the Forest Ecotourism Resources on Walking Route from Pai Town to Mêdog County

Pai Town-Medog County Route is known as the first hiking route in China, which is a part of Tibet tourism product, as well as a business card of Linzhi tourism. The route is abundant with natural and human resources. In the research, quantitative and qualitative methods were integrated and scientific evaluation and analysis were made on tourism resources along the route according to National Standard of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, with countermeasures proposed.

品牌个性对旅游地品牌溢价的影响

作为旅游地品牌化的关键要素,旅游地品牌个性已逐步成为旅游地非功能定位的可行方向,对拓宽盈利空间,实现旅游地品牌增值具有重要意义。构建旅游地品牌个性、参照群体影响、旅游地品牌信任、旅游地品牌溢价的概念模型,采用实验法,探讨旅游地品牌个性对旅游地品牌溢价的影响,并引入参照群体影响作为调节变量,剖析旅游地品牌个性与参照群体影响交互作用对旅游地品牌溢价的影响及旅游地品牌信任的中介作用。结果表明,旅游地品牌个性与参照群体影响的交互作用对旅游地品牌溢价具有显著影响:当旅游地为真诚型品牌个性时,相比较规范性影响,信息性影响更有助于提高旅游地品牌溢价;当旅游地为活力型品牌个性时,相比较信息性影响,规范性影响更有助于提高旅游地品牌溢价;旅游地品牌信任在旅游地品牌个性和参照群体影响的交互作用与旅游地品牌溢价之间起中介作用。

Tourism resource assessment and spatial analysis of wine tourism development： a case study of the eastern foothills of China＇s Helan Mountains

The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with its excellent terroir, is emerging as one of China's three major geographical attractions. Based on surveys of tourism resources and spatial analysis for this wine producing region, we propose a highly representative and practicable path for wine tourism development. Based on China's national standard in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources(GB/T 18972-2003), which recommended the types and grades of tourism resources in one area, we conduct an analysis of resource characteristics and the current state of development. Using Arc GIS software, spatialautocorrelation analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis, as well as clustering and outlier analysis, we are able to derive the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources. Our survey showed that tourism resources in this area are relatively abundant and have good quality and clear combination advantages. Nonetheless, there are resources shortage for wine tourism and poor integration of wine production with the tourism industry. Regarding the spatial distribution of resources, we revealed the current states of and issues surrounding regions with concentrated resources, as well as characteristics of this clustering. Finally, we proposed a development path for wine tourism in this region based on the five dimensions of management mode, industrial path, product development, spatial optimization, and market development.

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness:Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula,Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually,concretely including five aspects:driving forces for tourism development,the level of tourism development,tourism impacts,tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration.As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness,systematicness and dynamicness,the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness,aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration.Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area,the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020,and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.

Impacts of Yulong Mountain Glacier on Tourism in Lijiang

The glacier on the Yulong Mountain is one of the most important attractions in Lijiang, Yunnan, China. But it keeps retreating these years due to global warming, which is bound to influence regional tourism significantly in Lijiang. This study estimates the effects of the glacier retreat of the Yulong Mountains on tourism there. Primary data were collected through a visitor survey including demographics, motives, lengths of stay, and opinions about each tourism resource from tourists to Lijiang, as well as questions about which scenic spot（s） they had visited or would visit, how much they expended per day during their visit and how their visiting behavior would be changed upon the hypothesis that the glacier would disappear. These data were used to analyze the proportion of the contribution of glacier to the tourism in Lijiang and estimate the impact of glacier on the regional tourism quantitatively. According to the survey, it could be concluded that three quarters of the tourists to Lijiang were interested in the Yulong Mountain glacier, indicating that the glacier possesses notable appeal for sightseeing tourists. The results of our analysis showed that about 689,013-1,508,247 tourists, accounting for 19.63-42.97 % of the total 3,510,000 domestic tourists to Lijiang in 2004, would not come to Lijiang in the absence of the glacier, resulting in a possible direct economic loss of 84,382,508-184,713,011 USD （viz. 700,374,824-1,533,117,993 RMB） and a markedly decrease in the attraction radius.

Recreational value of glacier tourism resources：A travel cost analysis for Yulong Snow Mountain

Glaciers, with their unique and spectacular appearances and rich and varied terrain, have received widespread attention and become important tourist attractions. This paper uses the travel cost method to estimate the recreational value of the glacier tourism resources of Yulong Snow Mountain(also called Jade Dragon Snow Mountain), which is the most developed glacier tourist attraction in China. First-hand information was obtained through field surveys, and the travel costs of visitors visiting the Yulong Snow Mountain glacier were calculated before the method was applied to evaluate the recreational value of the focal glacier resource. The results show that the Yulong Snow Mountain consumer surplus associated with its glacier resources in 2016 ranged from 645.59-3439.10 million CNY, and the total recreational value ranged from 1.97-8.17 billion CNY. Approaches allocating travel costs across multiple recreational sites, however, can vary, and there is large difference in estimated results depending on used approaches. Nevertheless, the results of the analysis can help understand the socio-economic value of glacier resources and provide a reference for their development and protection.

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

Review of tourism resources valuation

Tourism resources valuation is now a hot issue of the science of tourism resources, resources economics and environmental economics. This paper reviews research progresss on tourism resources valuation, introduces its theoretic basis, and elaborates two classical valuation methods： TCM and CVM. And two existing problems are discussed Firstly, tourism resources value constitution system is still under dispute. This paper puts forward the Value constitution system based on present value categories. Secondly, tourism resources valuation methods need further studies because both TCM and CVM have deficiencies. Finally, the paper points out the development direction of tourism resources valuation.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tourism Climate Suitability in Qinghai Province, China

Qinghai Province is an important component of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Scientific evaluation of the suitability of Qinghai's climate for tourism can contribute to overcoming obstacles posed by climate on sustainable tourism development in Qinghai Province, including disparities between the low and high seasons, high altitude health concerns, and weather events. A tourism climate suitability evaluation model of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is constructed (Tourism Climate Suitability Index, or TCSI), and tourism climate suitability is comprehensively evaluated for Qinghai Province from climate data from 1960 to 2009. Results show that: (I) There is clear distributional characteristics of spatial-temporal variability of TCSI values in Qinghai Province. (II) Tourism climate suitability in Qinghai Province has significant seasonal and regional differences. The year is divided into a very suitable period (July and August), suitable tourism periods (from April and October), less suitable periods (From Nov to Mar). June to August is the most suitable tourism period in Qinghai. Qinghai Province is divided into five levels of tourism climate suitability: most suitable regions, very suitable regions, suitable regions, less suitable regions, and unsuitable region. (III) The key factor which influences regional differences in tourism climatic suitability is atmospheric oxygen. And the key factors which chiefly influence seasonal differences of tourism climate suitability are temperature and humidity, the wind chill factor, and barrier weather.

Evaluating Benefits of Sport Mega-Events on the Host Cities＂ Effects of the 34th America＇s Cup on Naples

Sport tourism events refer to sport activities with potential to attract tourists, media, athletes, and other sporting officials, with the primary purpose for travel being participating in or viewing sport. Sport mega-events, such as America＇s Cup, have been recognized as a strong component of tourism, and are becoming an integral and major part of tourism development and marketing strategies. As a catalyst for change, sport mega-events can accelerate the host city economic, political, and social development. This paper focuses on the case of the 34th America＇s Cup for Naples. In order to evaluate the benefits of this event on the city, the authors first propose a general framework of main benefits that sport mega-events may bring to host cities, and subsequently, the authors applied this framework to the Naples case.

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural, Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.

Applying the Travel Cost Approach for Valuing Recreation Benefits of Fthiotida Coastal Zone

Recreation and beach use constitute core aspects of coastal tourism development since they incorporate various stakeholders at different levels and diverse activities. This research investigates the economical recreational value of the coastal zone between Molos and Arkitsa, in prefecture of Fthiotida, in Sterea Ellada region, in Greece. The study area provides substantial benefits to host community and remains an advantageous natural setting for tourism sustainable development. An economic valuation of the benefits largely assists the efforts of the local authorities to establish viable tourism products and preferred destination attributes. The travel cost method was used to estimate recreation demand. Based on personal and on site interviews 1,433 questionnaires were collected. The consumer surplus per day enjoyed by the visitors is 22,352.28 （Euros）. The analysis assigned a considerable value to the coastal zone. Results shed light on core issues such as environmental management and proper resource allocation in view of finding areas for further improvement so as to increase consumer surplus by satisfying the needs and wants of coastal visitors.

Analysis and evaluation of the economic benefits of tourism under the ecological context

Tourism is the product of social and economic development to a certain historical stage, while in tum the development of tourism on the social, economic and cultural have a greater impact, these effects have both positive side and negative side, but overall, the positive side is much larger than the negative side. Correct understanding of the positive impact of tourism for the economic and social development, culture can produce efforts to contain the negative impact of tourism, and it may bring to achieving sustainable tourism development, which is of great significance.

Study on the Inheritance Value of the Red Culture in South Jiangxi from the Perspective of Revitalizing Soviet Area

In this paper, through an analysis on the contents and present development of the red culture in South Jiangxi, the strategy of developing red culture tourism is proposed for promoting the economic development and enhancing the protection of the red cultural inheritance in the Soviet area.

The Influence of Ratings on Choosing Accommodation

Present research is inspired to study the effects and influences of customer ratings and reviews on choosing a hostel accommodation. The hostel industry is one of the fastest growing fields of tourism. Several studies already exist about the influences of ratings, concentrating mainly on hotels. However, using the same results for hostels, might lead to false conclusions. Not only the natures of the two accommodations are different, so as the customers. Hostels target mainly youth travelers, which includes the age group from 20 to 35 years. Youth travelers, often called ＂Generation Y＂ have specific expectations, needs, and budget which indicate the importance of study at this field as well. The research studies the youth traveler＇s booking habits, expectations before arriving to the accommodation, how often they leave reviews and rate hostels, what is the most important aspect when they are choosing the establishment, importance of how high the rating is, whether they read the reviews before booking an accommodation, and what a hostel has to have to give them 100% rating and a good review.

Research on the development of the natural tourism resources in the countryside based on the perspective of the ecological aesthetics

The cartier that the natural tourism projects rely on should be the objective natural environments, including the mountains, water, animals and plants and so on, which are the object present before the development of the project. Therefore, what the natural tourism projects should first be ＂the economic value of the natural resources＂. However, after the man-made planning and being given the humanity, they have the ＂economic value of the human resources＂. In the construction of the future path of the development, we should also have the dynamic study on the subjective preferences of the Chinese consumers. The change of these subjective preferences directly results from the change of the levels of their own income.