旅游吸引半径数理模型及实证研究——以水利旅游为例

旅游吸引半径是旅游地与旅游客源市场供求关系的有效边界,而旅游地识别目标客源市场的基础性研究,则是长线型、中线型和短线型旅游战略布局的参考。遵从理论到实证的思路,立足于距离衰减规律和效用论,从旅游吸引力、旅游效用和旅游成本的角度构建旅游吸引半径数理模型,讨论旅游吸引半径有意义的情况;将水利旅游作为实证对象,并引入2004年和2008年的数据,计算中国31个省市自治区的水利旅游吸引半径。研究表明:从时间看,水利旅游吸引半径已经随着时间推移而向外扩展;从空间看,中国江苏、河南等地区的水利旅游吸引半径较大,适宜开发长线型水利旅游客源,而内蒙古、吉林等地区的水利旅游吸引半径较小,仅适宜开发短线型水利旅游客源等。

我国沿海省市旅游吸引半径测度及差异分析

旅游吸引半径体现了旅游供给对旅游需求作用的有效范围,是旅游目的地识别目标客源市场、探究旅游业发展状况的重要依据。基于距离衰减规律和效用论,运用旅游效用、旅游成本、旅游距离等概念通过数理推导构建旅游吸引半径模型,以我国沿海11省市为例,采用2007年、2011年样本数据,建立旅游吸引力评价指标体系定量测算各省市旅游吸引力,在此基础上,对沿海11省市旅游吸引半径进行实证研究。研究表明,沿海11省市旅游吸引力不断增强、旅游吸引半径却缩小;山东、浙江、江苏、天津等省市旅游吸引半径已延伸至区外,兼顾短、中、长线旅游发展的同时可着重发展长线旅游,而福建、辽宁等省市旅游吸引半径较小,可着重发展中、短线旅游。

大半径持续性与小半径季节性二分旅游及其影响因素

旅游业为生产、消费对立统一产业,生产者利润、消费者效用最大化及其均衡是一个长期动态二分过程。大半径持续性与小半径季节性二分法概念,为旅游产业链综合服务水平、消费者货币支付能力和时间等因素共同决定的旅游业二分属性、发展和经营提供了新视角。

旅游业中的“蜂箱现象”及其对咸阳旅游产业的影响及对策

旅游现象中客观存在的"距离衰减率,"使旅游目的地在地域上表现为旅游核心区和旅游辐射区两个不同层面。正是由于不同旅游区域在旅游过程中所发挥的职能不同,便产生了蜂箱式旅游现象。"蜂箱现象"在促进了核心区旅游经济发展的同时,也对周边辐射区旅游经济的发展产生了一定程度的压制。虽然咸阳旅游资源丰富,但在旅游产业发展过程中受到了较为明显的"蜂箱现象"的影响,对此,在提出"蜂箱现象"的同时,透析了咸阳旅游发展中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。

建设“衢州有礼”诗画风光带

自国家林业和草原局评选“全国森林旅游示范市”“全国森林旅游示范县”以来,浙江已有3个市获“全国森林旅游示范市”、4个县获“全国森林旅游示范县”荣誉称号,是全国获此殊荣最多的省份。“全国森林旅游示范市”和“全国森林旅游示范县”是由国家林业和草原局命名和管理,评选出的具备良好的森林风景资源、在森林旅游发展中取得了显著成绩及对各地森林旅游发展具有重要示范意义的地区。本期特别策划选择了衢州、丽水、桐庐、磐安4个“全国森林旅游示范市(县)”,为读者展示森林旅游的独特魅力。

The Moderating Effect of the Ski Resort Environment on the Skier’s Travel Radius under the Restriction of Skill Consumption

Starting from the skill characteristics of ski tourism,this paper discusses the impact of consumer skill on travel decisions,and the moderating effect of the ski resort’s comprehensive leisure environment(including the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment),in order to both understand their impacts on the travel distance characteristics of skiers and attempt to provide necessary research support for the development of China’s ski industry and the construction of destinations.Based on the data from multi-period visitor surveys,this paper constructs the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment.The results show three main characteristics.(1)The travel radius obviously differs among skiers with different skill levels.The skill level of skiers has a significant positive effect on the larger travel radius,and a significant negative effect on the smaller travel radius.That is,skiers with a higher skill level are more inclined to undertake long-distance skiing travel,while skiers with a lower skill level are more inclined to undertake short-distance skiing travel.(2)The comprehensive leisure environment has a significant moderating effect on the skiers’travel radius,with a significant positive impact on enlarging the travel radius,while the influences on high-skill and low-skill skiers are significantly higher than on middle-skill skiers.(3)In the comprehensive leisure environment,there are differences in the moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment on the skiers travel radius,and the positive moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment on the high-skill skiers’travel radius is more obvious.While the regional cultural tourism environment has a more obvious positive moderating effect on the travel radius of non-skiers and junior skiers,it is more conducive to promoting domestic travel.In general,the skier skill level in China was generally lower,and the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment optimization is conducive to overcoming the limitation of the travel radius caused by the disadvantageous skill level of consumers.However,to promote the development of China’s ski industry in the long run,it is necessary to focus on improving the consumer’s ski skill level,but prevent the risk of losing high-skill consumers overseas.In the course of improving the level of domestic ski sports facilities,we should also focus on the domestic leisure cultural tourism environment to better enhance the attractiveness of domestic ski destinations.

ON THE LAPLACIAN SPECTRAL RADII OF TREES WITH NEARLY PERFECT MATCHINGS

Let ：T2k＋1 be the set of trees on 2k＋ 1 vertices with nearly perfect matchings, and let S2k＋2 be the set of trees on 2k ＋ 2 vertices with perfect matchings. The largest Laplacian spectral radii of trees in ：T2k＋l and S2k＋2 and the corresponding trees were given by Guo （2003）. In this paper, the authors determine the second to the sixth largest Laplacian spectral radii among all trees in T2k＋1 and give the corresponding trees.