China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship bet...China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship between the built environment and activity-travel behavior.This paper draws upon data from an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2007.The survey sample comprised 652 residents living in Danwei(work unit),commodity housing,and affordable housing neighborhoods.On the basis of the three-dimensional geo-visualization analysis of the space-time path and statistical multivariate regression models of daily travel and leisure time,it was found that both residential spatial factors and socio-demographics influence residents' daily behaviors.The findings show that Danwei residents have less daily travel time than those who live in commodity housing,but people living in affordable housing endure the longest travel time.Daily leisure time is associated more with individual attributes.We argue that although China's transition is currently gradual,the Danwei system may continue to play significant roles in daily life,and it might provide a valuable model for neighborhood spatial planning.展开更多
Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participa...Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participants in the networks. There is a belief that social networks can be initiated or created at every level of social capital, from micro to macro. However, the concept of community is the key component of social capital, creating both physical ties （geographical locality） and normative behaviours （sense of belonging）. Therefore, this study is intended to enhance social capital at the community or micro-level, in order to sustain tourism development in those areas, and networking is initiated to enhance social capital. Participatory Action Research （PAR） was applied to tourism development in Kon Kaen Province. Tools and techniques used during this study included： observations, preliminary meetings, community meetings, tourism audits, workshops, and network meetings. Eleven districts in Khon Kaen were actively involved in the planning process.展开更多
China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response(PSR), this paper foc...China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response(PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China’s tourism account for 13%–14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China’s high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40671058,41071102)National'TwelfthFive-Year'Plan for Science and Technology Support(No.2012BAJ 05B04)
文摘China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has resulted in many changes in its urban structure and society and provided an opportunity for a quasi-longitudinal case study on the relationship between the built environment and activity-travel behavior.This paper draws upon data from an activity diary survey conducted in Beijing in 2007.The survey sample comprised 652 residents living in Danwei(work unit),commodity housing,and affordable housing neighborhoods.On the basis of the three-dimensional geo-visualization analysis of the space-time path and statistical multivariate regression models of daily travel and leisure time,it was found that both residential spatial factors and socio-demographics influence residents' daily behaviors.The findings show that Danwei residents have less daily travel time than those who live in commodity housing,but people living in affordable housing endure the longest travel time.Daily leisure time is associated more with individual attributes.We argue that although China's transition is currently gradual,the Danwei system may continue to play significant roles in daily life,and it might provide a valuable model for neighborhood spatial planning.
文摘Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participants in the networks. There is a belief that social networks can be initiated or created at every level of social capital, from micro to macro. However, the concept of community is the key component of social capital, creating both physical ties （geographical locality） and normative behaviours （sense of belonging）. Therefore, this study is intended to enhance social capital at the community or micro-level, in order to sustain tourism development in those areas, and networking is initiated to enhance social capital. Participatory Action Research （PAR） was applied to tourism development in Kon Kaen Province. Tools and techniques used during this study included： observations, preliminary meetings, community meetings, tourism audits, workshops, and network meetings. Eleven districts in Khon Kaen were actively involved in the planning process.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China(13CJY015)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301161)+1 种基金Beijing Social Science Fund(14JGB025)China National Tourism Administration Tourism Young Expert Training Program(TYETP201501)
文摘China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response(PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China’s tourism account for 13%–14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China’s high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.
