冬病夏治穴位贴敷加曲肘外旋法治疗肩周炎的临床观察

目的:探讨冬病夏治穴位贴敷加曲肘外旋法治疗肩周炎的疗效结果。方法:对23例(36肩)进行冬病夏治法贴敷于合谷、曲池、缺盆、肩骨禺、肩贞、肩井、天宗、条口等穴。结果:36肩中优28肩,良8肩。其中轻型9型疗效均为优;中型20肩:优18肩,良2肩;重型7肩:优4肩,良3肩。结论:冬病夏治穴位贴敷对轻、中型患者疗效显著;对明显外伤或手术引起的冻结肩疗效不理想;这与操作技术、功能锻炼有直接关系;而病程长短对疗效无明显影响。

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE CYLINDRICAL HELIX WITH NURBS

The representation of a cylindrical helix by Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) curves is presented in this paper. A method is proposed to assess the influences produced by different ways to determine the control ver-texes positions of helix. The error distribution cases between the helix approximated by NURBS curves and the original theoretical one are also analyzed. Meanwhile a computational method that guarantees the precision requirements is presented.

Control mesh representation of a class of minimal surfaces

Minimal surface is extensively employed in many areas. In this paper, we propose a control mesh representation of a class of minimal surfaces, called generalized helicoid minimal surfaces, which contain the right helicoid and catenoid as special examples. We firstly construct the Bézier-like basis called AHT Bézier basis in the space spanned by {1, t, sint, cost, sinht, cosht}, t∈[0,α], α∈[0,5π/2]. Then we propose the control mesh representation of the generalized helicoid using the AHT Bézier basis. This kind of representation enables generating the minimal surfaces using the de Casteljau-like algorithm in CAD/CAGD mod- elling systems.

A blind, randomized comparison of racecadotril and loperamide for stopping acute diarrhea in adults

AIM: Racecadotril is a specific enkephalinase inhibitor that exhibits intestinal antisecretory activity without affecting intestinal transit. Loperamide is an effective anti-diarrheal agent, but it usually induces constipation. This study is to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of racecadotril versus loperamide in the outpatient treatment of acute diarrhea in adults. METHODS: A two-center, randomized, parallel-group, single-blind study was carried out to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of racecadotril (100 mg thrics daily) and loperamide (2.0 mg 2 twics daily) in 62 adult patients suffering from acute diarrhea. The main efficacy criterion used was the duration of diarrhea after beginning the treatment (in hours). Other signs and symptoms were also evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical success rates for these anti-diarrheal treatments were 95.7% and 92.0% for racecadotril and loperamide respectively. Patients on racecadotril had a median duration of diarrhea of 19.5 h compared with a median of 13 h for patients on loperamide. Rapid improvement in anal burn and nausea was found for each drug. However, more patients on loperamide suffered from reactive constipation (29.0% vs 12.9%). Itching, another adverse event was notably higher in the racecadotril group (28.6% vs 0%). With regard to other adverse events, the two medications showed similar occurrence rates and similar concomitant medication usage rates. CONCLUSION: Racecadotril and loperamide are rapid, equally effective treatments for acute diarrhea in adults, but loperamide treatment is associated with a higher incidence of treatment-related constipation.

Tooth surface error correction of hypoid gears machined by duplex helical method

In this work,synchronous cutting of concave and convex surfaces was achieved using the duplex helical method for the hypoid gear,and the problem of tooth surface error correction was studied.First,the mathematical model of the hypoid gears machined by the duplex helical method was established.Second,the coordinates of discrete points on the tooth surface were obtained by measurement center,and the normal errors of the discrete points were calculated.Third,a tooth surface error correction model is established,and the tooth surface error was corrected using the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm with trust region strategy and least square method.Finally,grinding experiments were carried out on the machining parameters obtained by Levenberg-Marquard algorithm with trust region strategy,which had a better effect on tooth surface error correction than the least square method.After the tooth surface error is corrected,the maximum absolute error is reduced from 30.9μm before correction to 6.8μm,the root mean square of the concave error is reduced from 15.1 to 2.1μm,the root mean square of the convex error is reduced from 10.8 to 1.8μm,and the sum of squared errors of the concave and convex surfaces was reduced from 15471 to 358μm^(2).It is verified that the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm with trust region strategy has a good accuracy for the tooth surface error correction of hypoid gear machined by duplex helical method.

On Quadratric Rotational Curved Surface

In this paper,a deterministic theorem is proposed for quadratic rotational curved surface.The relationship between invariants for quadratic rotational curved surface is established.In addition we give each type of equitions for rotational curved surface using the invariant.

Study and Design of Spiral Bent Waveguide Configuration

A new version of the scalar transverse electric(TE) wave equation in the bent waveguide is introduced. Then, TE polarized field in curved single-mode waveguides is analyzed by using the finite-difference beam propagation method(FD-BPM). The bending loss in bent waveguides is gotten for the optical fields obtained from BPM and comparisons are made among losses of the waveguides with various curvature radiuses, refractive index differences and cross sections. Based on the results, the design of spiral bent waveguide configuration is proposed as follows: refractive index difference being of 0.007, both width and thickness of waveguides being of 6 μm, the curvature radius in the spiral centre being of 4 mm, and the bending loss coefficient of the designed spiral bent waveguide being of 0.302 3 dB/cm.

Virtual System Solution of CNC Machine for Spiral Bevel and Hypoid Gears

A virtual computerized numerical control C CNC） processing system is built for spiral bevel and hypoid gears. The pre-designed process of the solution to locate the way of realization is investigated. A kind of combined programming method and principle of solid modeling are chosen. Multienvironmental programming thought and the inter-connected mechanisms between different environments are applied in the proposed system. The problems of data exchange and compatibility of modules are settled. Environment of the system is founded with object oriented programming thought. AutoCAD is located as the graphic environment. Matlab is used for editing the computation module. Virtual C ＋＋6.0 is the realization environment of the main module. Windows is the platform for realizing the multi-environmental method. Through establishing the virtual system based windows message handling mechanism and the component object model, the application of multienvironmental programming is realized in the manufacture system simulation. The virtual gear product can be achieved in the accomplished software.

Microstructure and mechanical properties evolution of 65Cu-35Zn brass tube during cyclic rotating−bending process

The cyclic rotating−bending(CRB)processes under different deformation conditions were carried out to refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the 65Cu−35Zn brass tubes.The microstructure and the mechanical properties in the axial direction of the tubes after the CRB process were studied with the OM,EBSD and conventional tensile test.To obtain the accumulated effective plastic strain of the tube during the CRB process,the FEM simulation was also executed.The results show that the average grain size decreases with the increase of rotation time at RT,and with the decrease of bending angle at 200℃.With the increase of accumulated effective plastic strain during the CRB process,the reduction rate of average grain size of the brass tube increases,the tensile strength of the brass tube increases in wave shape and the elongation increases first and then sharply decreases.

Development and control of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot

A new kind of flexible pneumatic wall-climbing robot,named WALKMAN-I,was proposed. WALKMAN-I is basically composed of a flexible pneumatic actuator (FPA),a flexible pneumatic spherical joint and six suction cups. It has many characteristics of low-cost,lightweight,simple structure and good flexibility. Its operating principle was introduced. Then three basic locomotion modes,which are linear motion,curvilinear motion and crossing the orthogonal planes,were presented. The safety conditions of WALKMAN-I were discussed and built. Finally,the control system was designed and experiments were carried out. Experimental results show that WALKMAN-I is able to climb on the vertical wall surface along a straight line or a curved path,and has the ability of crossing orthogonal planes and obstacles. The maximum rotation angle reaches 90°,the maximum velocity reaches 5 mm/s,and the rotation angle and the moving velocity of WALKMAN-I can be easily controlled.

ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR THE ROTATION-EXCHANGE NETWORK

The paper proposes a new routing algorithm for the Rotation-Exchange (REn) network. The length of the path between any two nodes given by the algorithm is not more than (3/8)n2 + O(n), that is, the diameter of REn is not more than (3/8)n2 + O(n). This improves on a (1/2)n2 + O(n) routing algorithm proposed earlier.

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of spiral coiled tube: Effects of Reynolds number and curvature ratio

Numerical analysis was performed to investigate flow and heat transfer characteristics in spiral coiled tube heat exchanger. Radius of curvature of the spiral coiled tube was gradually increased as total rotating angle reached 12n. As the varying radius of curvature became a dominant flow parameter, three-dimensional flow analysis was performed to this flow together with different Reynolds numbers while constant wall heat flux condition was set in thermal field. From the analysis, centrifugal force due to curvature effect is found to have significant role in behavior of pressure drop and heat transfer. The centrifugal force enhances pressure drop and heat transfer to have generally higher values in the spiral coiled tube than those in the straight tube. Even then, friction factor and Nusselt number are found to follow the proportionality with square root of the Dean number. Individual effect of flow parameters of Reynolds number and curvature ratio was investigated and effect of Reynolds number is found to be stronger than that of curvature effect.

Research on BP-ANN Model of Semi-rigid Connection

The beam-to-column semirigid connection in a steel frame structure is represented by a zero-length rotational spring at the end of the beam element. The beam-to-column semirigid connection behavior is represented by its moment-rotation relationship. Several traditional mathematical models have been proposed to fit the moment-rotation curves from the experimental database,but they may be more reliable within certain ranges. In this paper, the intellectualized analytical model is proposed in the semirigid connections for top and seat angles with double web angles using the feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network （BP-ANN） technique. the intellectualized analytical model from experimental results based on BP-ANN is more reliable and it is a better choice to the moment-rotation curves for beam-to-column semirigid connection. The results are found to provide effectiveness to the experimental response that is satisfactory for use in steel structural engineering design.

Tooth surface geometry optimization of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by duplex helical method with circular profile blade

In order to effectively improve meshing performance of spiral bevel and hypoid gears generated by the duplex helical method, the effects of straight lined and circular cutting edges profile on meshing and contact of spiral bevel and hypoid gears were investigated analytically. Firstly, a mathematical model of spiral bevel and hypoid gears with circular blade profile was established according to the cutting characteristics of the duplex helical method. Based on a hypoid gear drive, the tooth bearings and the functions of transmission errors of four design cases were analyzed respectively by the use of the tooth contact analysis(TCA), and the contact stresses of the four design cases were analyzed and compared using simulation software. Finally, the curvature radius of the circular profile blade was optimized. The results show that the contact stresses are availably reduced, and the areas of edge contact and severe contact stresses can be avoided by selecting appropriate circular blade profile. In addition, the convex and concave sides are separately modified by the use of different curvature radii of inside and outside blades, which can increase the flexibility of the duplex helical method.

New extrusion process of Mg alloy automobile wheels

The recent research and development of forged magnesium road wheel were reviewed.Methods of flow-forming,spin forging of manufacturing a forged magnesium alloy wheel were introduced.A new extrusion method was investigated especially. Extrusion from hollow billet was proposed in order to enhance the strength of spoke portion and reduce the maximum forming load. By means of the developed technique,the one-piece Mg wheels were produced successfully by extrusion from AZ80+alloy.At the same time,the existing problems on the research and development of forged magnesium road wheel were analyzed.The impact testing,radial fatigue testing and bending fatigue testing results show that AZ80+wheel can meet application requirement in automobile industry.

Aerodynamic performance of high-turning curved compressor cascade with boundary layer suction

The impact of boundary layer suction on the aerodynamic performance of a high-turning compressor cascade was numerically simulated and discussed.The aerodynamic performance of a curved and a straight cascade with and without boundary layer suction were comparatively studied at several suction flow rates.The results showed that boundary layer suction dramatically improved the flow behavior within the flow passage.Moreover,higher loading over the whole blade height,lower total pressure loss,and higher passage throughflow were achieved with a relatively small amount of boundary layer removal.The integration of curved blade and boundary layer suction contributed to better aerodynamic performance than the cascades with only curved blade or boundary layer suction used,and the more favorable effect resulted from the weakening of the three dimensional effects of the boundary layer close to the endwalls.

CIN85 associates with endosomal membrane and binds phosphatidic acid

CIN85 （Cbl-interacting protein of 85 kDa） is an important molecule involved in receptor tyrosine kinase endocytosis. Here we report that through its positively charged C-terminus, CIN85 associates with a fusogenic lipid - phosphatidic acid. Its coiled-coil domain plays an important role in mediating this protein-lipid interaction. Deletion of the coiled-coil domain results in loss of membrane association, and reduced interaction with c-cbl, finally causing the blockage of epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation. In addition, a significant portion of CIN85 is located on the endosomal compartment and is related to endocytic cargo sorting, characterized by CIN85＇s localization on the ＂E class＂ compartment and EGF degradation blockage in CIN85 knockdown cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CIN85 may function as a scaffold molecule in both the internalization and endocytic cargo sorting processes through its association with the endosomal membrane.

Finite element simulation and microstructure of two-pass inner spinning process of curved-generatrix cone cylindrical parts with annealing/quenching

A two-pass annealing/quenching internal spinning process with small-end rotations is proposed to form a curved generatrix conical thin-walled shell.That is,annealing at 360°C for 2 h followed by the 1st pass spinning,and finally quenching in ice water after holding for 1 h at 498°C followed by the 2nd pass spinning.ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the internal spinning process of the products formed under different forming parameters.The distribution laws of spinning force,the stress and strain under different forming processes were compared and analyzed.The mechanical properties and microstructure of the products are subsequently analyzed.The results show that the strain and the residual stress in the skin area of the formed products under two-pass spinning process more uniform,and the hardness and the mechanical performance are improved.The microstructure of the products formed with the 0.15 mm thickness reduction at the 2nd pass is excellent.And the second phase grain size distributed uniformly in the range of 36μm.Whereas,the second phase particles are broken seriously and the size distribution inhomogeneity is increased when the thickness reduction in the skin area is greater than 0.20 mm at the 2nd pass spinning process.

Stability margin of the quadruped bionic robot with spinning gait

Spinning gait is valuable for quadruped robot,which can be used to avoid obstacles quickly for robot walking in unstructured environment. A kind of bionic flexible body is presented for quadruped robot to perform the spinning gait. The spinning gait can be achieved by coordinated movement of body laterally bending and legs swing,which can improve the mobility of robot walking in the unstructured environments. The coordinated movement relationship between the body and the leg mechanism is presented. The stability of quadruped robot with spinning gait is analyzed based on the center of gravity( COG) projection method. The effect of different body bending angle on the stability of quadruped robot with spinning gait is mainly studied. For the quadruped robot walking with spinning gait,during one spinning gait cycle,the supporting polygon and the trajectory of COG projection point under different body bending angle are calculated. Finally,the stability margin of quadruped robot with spinning gait under different body bending angle is determined,which can be used to evaluate reasonableness of spinning gait parameters.

On the Ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space R1^3

Izumiya and Takeuchi （2003） obtained some characterizations for Ruled surfaces. Turgut and Haclsalihoglu （1998） defined timelike Ruled surfaces and obtained some characterizations in timelike Ruled surfaces. Choi （1995） and Jung and Pak （1996） studied Ruled surfaces. This study uses the method in （lzumiya and Takeuchi, 2003） to investigate cylindrical helices and Bertrand curves as curves on timelike Ruled surfaces in Minkowski 3-space R1^3. We have studied singularities of the rectifying developable （surface） of a timelike curve. We observed that the rectifying developable along a timelike curve a is non-singular if and only if a is a cylindrical helice. In this case the rectifying developable is a cylindrical surface.