反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔腔体内旋涡破碎机制与压损特性

为降低压气机径向引气过程中的压损,本文设计了反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔结构,采用大涡模拟(LES)和经验证的RNG k-ε模型分别探究了腔体内的旋涡演化规律和压损特性,揭示了反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔的旋涡破碎机制与减阻机理。结果表明:反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔可降低腔体内压损。高速旋涡在腰圆形鼓筒孔腔体的低径位区域内快速强化,旋涡尺度呈快速增大趋势,致使压损系数随径向高度降低而快速升高。与腰圆形鼓筒孔相比,反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔可有效抑制旋涡尺度增大,相对可降低腔体内15.6%的压损。反旋腰圆形鼓筒孔结构简单且引气过程呈线性状态,具有较高工程应用价值。

湍流中微小冰晶融化时间的理论研究

为了消除过冷水连续制冰系统中的微小冰晶 ,通过建立模型 ,分析了湍流中微小冰晶的融化过程 ,提出了计算融化时间的方法 ,分析了融化时间与最小旋涡尺度和水温的关系。指出通过增大湍流程度 ,使最小旋涡尺度小于某一数值 (与水温有关 ,可通过计算确定 ) ,从而可以在较低的水温。

螺旋桨搅拌槽中液体的流动结构

在直径１６００ｍｍ的平底柱形有机玻璃槽中，利用热膜风速仪测量了２个搅拌桨－槽体系中流体的时均速度、脉动速度的均方根值、湍流强度、纵向积分尺度、纵向微分尺度和能谱函数。研究了时均速度及湍流微结构在搅拌槽中的分布规律及搅拌桨转速的影响。

冲击射流热传递的强化和控制

通过在自由射流中设置一排圆柱列,引起大尺度旋涡,加速滞点邻近范围的表面更新作用,传热效果比自由射流强化大约180％(圆柱列顺排列时)。局部传热控制可依喷嘴宽度,喷嘴到平板之间的距离、圆柱间距和直径以及圆柱列的位置等方面考虑。

不同雷诺数下的单一圆柱绕流流场分析

为了分析均匀流体流经圆柱发生体后产生的绕流流场特性,采用数值计算的方法,对不同雷诺数下的均匀来流流经圆柱体的流动过程进行数值计算,研究分析不同工况下流场的流动形态,得到了不同雷诺数流动状态下的流场参数变化规律谱及流经圆柱发生体时的流线谱,并对同一雷诺数下不同时刻的流场形态及静压力变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,流体流经圆柱发生体时的阻滞作用随雷诺数的变化而产生变化,流体惯性力随雷诺数的增大对流场的平衡状态产生的影响增大,流经圆柱发生体后的旋涡由旋向相反的对称分布逐渐发生扰动,且旋涡尺度逐渐增大;同时,受圆柱发生体阻滞作用及流体黏性的影响,在圆柱发生体迎流面受到的力作用最大,圆柱发生体上下对称分布位置的力作用基本一致,随着流动距离的增大,流场的静压力逐渐变小,流场变化趋于平缓。

冲击射流中圆柱尾流的流动特性与分析

本研究通过在冲击射流中设置圆柱棒作可视化观察,分析强化传热机构的流动特性;利用统计分析,探导圆柱棒直径及圆柱间距等对强化传热的影响。

Path transition of the western boundary current with a gap due to mesoscale eddies: a 1.5-layer, wind-driven experiment

Using a 1.5 layer nonlinear shallow-water reduced-gravity model, we executed numerical simulations to investigate the possibility of a western boundary current (WBC) path transition due to mesoscale eddies based on the background of the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea (SCS) from the Luzon Strait. Because the WBC existed different current states with respect to different wind stress control parameters, we chose three steady WBC states (loop current, eddy shedding and leaping) as the background flow field and simulated the path transition of the WBC due to mesoscale eddies. Our simulations indicated that either an anticyclonic or cyclonic eddy can lead to path transition of the WBC with different modes. The simulation results also show that the mesoscale eddies can lead to path transition of the WBC from loop and eddy shedding state to leaping state because of the hysteresis effect. The leaping state is relatively stable compared with the mesoscale eddies. Moreover, an anticyclonic eddy is more effective in producing the WBC path transition for the path transition than a cyclonic eddy. Our results may help to explain some phenomena observed regarding the path transition of the Kuroshio due to the mesoscale eddies at the Luzon Strait.

Automatic detection of oceanic mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea

This study focuses on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea(SCS). An automatic eddy detection method,based on the geometry of velocity vectors,was adopted to obtain an eddy dataset from 21 years of satellite altimeter data. Analysis revealed that the number of anticyclonic eddies was nearly equal to cyclonic eddies; in the SCS,cyclonic eddies are generally stronger than anticyclonic eddies and anticyclonic eddies are larger and longer-lived than cyclonic eddies. Anticyclonic eddies tend to survive longer in the spring and summer,while cyclonic eddies have longer lifetimes in the autumn and winter. The characteristics and seasonal variations of eddies in the SCS are strongly related to variations in general ocean circulation,in the homogeneity of surface wind stress,and in the unevenness of bottom topography in the SCS. The spatial and temporal variation of mesoscale eddies in the SCS could,therefore,be an important index for understanding local hydrodynamics and regional climate change.

Response of extreme precipitation to increasing extratropical cyclonic vortex frequency

Since the 2000 s,extratropical extremes have been more frequent,which are closely related to anomalies of planetary-scale and synoptic-scale systems.This study focuses on a key synoptic system,the extratropical cyclonic vortex(ECV)over land,to investigate its relations with extreme precipitation.It was found that ECVs have been more active post-2000,which has induced more extreme precipitation,and such variation is projected to persist along with increasing temperature within 1.5℃of global warming.An enhanced quasi-stationary vortex(QSV)primarily contributes to the ECV,rather than inactive synoptic-scale transient eddies(STEs).Inactive STEs respond to a decline in baroclinicity due to the tendency of the homogeneous temperature gradient.However,such conditions are helpful to widening the westerly jet belt,favoring strong dynamic processes of quasi-resonant amplification and interaction of STEs with the quasi-stationary wave,and the result favors an increasing frequency and persistence of QSVs,contributing to extreme precipitation.

气升流速变化对SBR污泥颗粒化的作用及机理

采用两个相同的SBR反应器:R1保持恒定气升流速3.0 cm·s^(-1),R2气升流速由3.0 cm·s^(-1)逐渐降低至1.0 cm·s^(-1),对比研究了气升流速变化对絮体污泥凝聚和颗粒化的作用.结果表明:R1中35 d后絮体污泥全部转变成均值粒径为564.59μm的颗粒污泥;R2中24 d后絮体污泥全部转变成均值粒径978.71μm的颗粒污泥.R2气升流速由3.0 cm·s^(-1)逐渐降至2.0 cm·s^(-1)时,污泥的分形维数(D2)增大;气升流速由2.0cm·s^(-1)逐渐降到1.6 cm·s^(-1)时,D2先下降后上升,污泥粒径比增长率为0.16±0.01,微生物颗粒表面所受的剪切解吸附率随粒径的增长由调整前的1.35×10^(-2)mg·cm^(-2)·d^(-1)(以VSS计,下同)略微降低后升高至1.88×10^(-2)mg·cm^(-2)·d^(-1),颗粒结构变得更加致密;气升流速小于1.6 cm·s^(-1)之后,旋涡尺度作用减弱,D2持续减小.总体上,当气升流速递减后,R2中污泥混合液流变特性发生了变化,形成的漩涡尺度大于R1,促使更多体积分数的污泥分布在漩涡尺度的耗散范围内,加剧耗散对应范围粒径大小的污泥剪切凝聚,加快了污泥颗粒化进程.

A mesoscale eddy detection method of specific intensity and scale from SSH image in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific

Mesoscale eddies exist almost everywhere in the ocean and play important roles in the ocean circulation of the world. These eddies may cause sound spread singular regions and bring great influences to the upwater ship and underwater aircraft. Due to the lack of hydrographic survey datasets, study of mesoscale eddies has been greatly restricted. Fortunately, satellite altimeter provided an effective way to study mesoscale eddies. An automatic detection algorithm is introduced to detect mesoscale eddies of specific intensity and spatial/temporal scale based on satellite sea surface height(SSH) data and the algorithm is applied in a strong eddy activity region: the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific. The algorithm includes four steps. The first step is preprocessing of the SSH image, which includes elimination of error SSH data and interpolation. The second step is to detect suspected mesoscale eddies from preprocessed SSH images by dynamic threshold adjustment and morphological method, and the suspected mesoscale eddy detection includes two procedures: suspected mesoscale eddy core region detection and suspected mesoscale eddy brim extraction. The third step is to pick out mesoscale eddies satisfied with specified criteria from suspected mesoscale eddies. The criteria include three items, that is, intensity criterion, spatial scale, criterion and temporal scale criterion. The last step is algorithm performance analysis and verification. The algorithm has the capability of adaptive parameter adjustment, and can extract mesoscale eddies of interested intensity and spatial/temporal scale. The paper can provide a basis for analyzing space-time characteristics of mesoscale eddy in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific.

Mechanism for initial brows-like meso-scale vortex effects on tropical cyclone track

We used a two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic barotropic model simulation to study effects of an initial brows-like meso-scale vortex on tropical cyclone (TC) track. Our results show that the impact of each of the three foundational factors (the environ- mental current, the asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system) on TC track varies with time and the im- portance of each of the factors is different for the different TC motion time period. They show two kinds of the effects. One is a direct way. The asymmetric outer wind structure and the positive longitudinal wind speed averaged in radial-band (100-300) km in the period of (0-11) h are caused by the introduction of the initial brows-like meso-scale vortex, which results in TC track to turn to the north from the northwest directly. The other is an indirect influence. First, initial TC axisymmetric circula- tion becomes a non-axisyrnmetric circulation after the addition of the meso-scale vortex. The initial non-axisymmetric circula- tion experiences an axisymmetrizational process in the period of (0-11) h. Second, axisymmetrizationed TC horizontal size is enlarged after t=-12 h. Third, both the TC asymmetric structure and the TC energy dispersion induced-anticyclone are intensi- fied, which quickens the TC motion and results in the track to turn to the north indirectly. The TC motion is characterized by the unusual track under the direct and the indirect effect. The formation of the unusual track should be attributed to the com- mon effects of three factors, including the environmental flow, the TC asymmetric structure and the asymmetric convection system.

Three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddies in the western tropical Pacific as revealed by a high-resolution ocean simulation

The three-dimensional structure of mesoscale eddies in the western tropical Pacific(6°S–20°N, 120°E–150°E)is investigated using a high-resolution ocean model simulation. Eddy detection and eddy tracking algorithms are applied to simulated horizontal velocity vectors, and the anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies identified are composited to obtain their three-dimensional structures. The mean lifetime of all long-lived eddies is about 52 days, and their mean diameter is 147 km. Two typical characteristics of mesoscale eddies are revealed and possible dynamic explanations are analyzed. One typical characteristic is that surface eddies are generally separated from subthermocline eddies along the bifurcation latitude(~13°N) of the North Equatorial Current in the western tropical Pacific, which may be associated with different eddy energy sources and vertical eddy energy fluxes in subtropical and tropical gyres. Surface eddies have maximum swirl velocities of 8–9 cm s^(-1) and can extend to about 1500 m depth. Subthermocline eddies occur below 200 m, with their cores at about 400–600 m depth, and their maximum swirl velocities can reach 10 cm s^(-1). The other typical characteristic is that the meridional velocity component of the eddy is much larger than the zonal component. This characteristic might be due to more zonal eddy pairs(two eddies at the same latitude),which is also supported by the zonal wavelength(about 200 km) in the high-frequency meridional velocity component of the horizontal velocity.