全吸收旋转式高能激光能量计吸收腔设计

为了解决高能激光总能量测量中所面临的抗激光损伤能力问题,设计了一种新型旋转式全吸收激光能量计,具有测量不确定度低、系统结构简单、环境适应性强等诸多优点,尤其在长时间出光的强激光能量测量中具有独特优势。光线追迹软件数值模拟结果表明激光辐照过程中能量逃逸率小于0.3%。利用有限元软件,模拟计算了连续激光辐照下能量吸收体的温度场分布和最高温升情况,给出了热吸收体最高温升与旋转速度的关系,分析了测温探测器安装深度对温度传感器测温曲线的影响。该旋转式能量计完全可以满足数十兆焦耳激光能量测量要求,也为更高能量的激光参数测试提供了一种全新的技术手段。

Ku波段旋转扫描扇形波束散射计地面扩展目标在轨定标

旋转扫描扇形波束散射计(Rotating Fan-beam SCATterometer,RFSCAT)是一种新体制的海洋风场测量雷达散射计。RFSCAT对同一观测面元能够提供更多的方位角和入射角观测组合,改善海面风矢量场的反演精度。为了达到设计的风场反演精度,系统要求定标精度为0.5 dB。该文基于中法海洋卫星(Chinese French Oceanography SATellite,CFOSAT)雷达散射计的系统参数,考虑了在轨测量的主要误差源,分析了地面扩展目标在轨外定标的特点,给出了可行的RFSCAT在轨外定标方法,并利用仿真数据对该方法进行验证。利用QuikSCAT散射计的L2A数据和图像重构(SIR)数据,针对地球表面归一化雷达后向散射系数(s 0)稳定的区域,给出了定标地图,为RFSCAT在轨定标提供参考。

利用定标站对旋转扫描扇形波束散射计的信号频率估计

该文基于中法海洋卫星(Chinese-French Oceanic Satellite,CFOSAT)雷达散射计系统参数,给出了可行的在轨Doppler预补偿方法并利用地面定标站实现对RFSCAT信号频率的估计。对比了3种信号频率估计方法,通过仿真分析表明,可达到优于0.05k Hz的频率估计精度。仿真结果表明,通过把估计的频率与Doppler预补偿查找表和Doppler频率进行比较,可实现对RFSCAT在轨Doppler预补偿状态及生命周期内的载频漂移监测。

基于定标站的旋转扫描扇形波束散射计在轨定标方法

RFSCAT具有较宽刈幅并能够对同一个风单元提供较多的方位角和入射角观测组合,提高风场反演精度。为了达到设计的风场反演精度,必须对散射计进行在轨外定标。该文基于中法海洋卫星(Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite,CFOSAT)雷达散射计的系统参数,给出了一种利用地面定标站(Calibration Ground Station,CGS)对RFSCAT进行在轨外定标的定标方法,并利用仿真数据进行验证。该方法能够达到0.01°的姿态角估计精度和0.1 d B天线方向图估计精度,实现对RFSCAT天线方向图在轨监测和验证。

也谈用计算机处理直线度误差

本文介绍了一种以BASIC语言为解题思路,采用旋转计算法处理直线度数据的方法,稍作变动即可适用于PC-1500计算机,便于现场使用。该法可由计算机对输入的原始读数进行判别并处理,给出相对读数和累积读数;自动对曲线旋转,使首尾两点转至水平;对应新的坐标系,找出曲线上最高、最低点和符合最小条件的次高(次低)点。

辽宁数字地震观测系统幅频特性测定与计算

数字地震观测系统与模拟地震观测系统的标定原理基本是一致的 ,只是具体做法有所不同。辽宁数字遥测地震台网建成以来 ,每年都要对系统进行幅频特性测定 ,通过这项工作积累了一定的经验 ,该文章分三部分谈谈系统标定的理论公式、操作步骤及计算方法。

ROTATING FIBER OPTIC GYRO STRAP-DOWN INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM WITH THREE ROTATING AXES

The principle of the inertial navigation system（INS） with rotating inertial measurement unit （IMU） is analyzed. A new IMU is established to rotate round each axis in three directions. Then, the related error models for the designed system during rotating are deduced and the improved system is built. Finally, the performance simulation of the proposed system is provided. The simulation result indicates that the designed system can improve the accuracy of the roll and the pitch as well as heading by rotating three axes, thus guaranting the heading accuracy. Moreover, based on the principle of rotation at six different positions, such structure can carry out real-time calibration, and improve the system performance.

New Architecture of Pipeline CORDIC

Aim To design an ASIC based on CORDIC(coordinate rotations digital computer) to meet the requirement of coordinate conversion in high speed radar signal processing. Methods A new pipeline CORDIC architecture easily realized in VLSI was introduced. Results and Conclusion The results of hardware simulation with FPGA show that the pipeline CORDIC architecture meets the requirement.

ESPRIT-Based Feature Extraction of Helicopter Acoustic Signal

Aim To extract harmonic frequencies of helicopter acoustic signal as features for hel icopter identification. Methods Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) was selected to extract harmonic frequencies from really measured helicopter acoustic signal and an algorithm based on the SVD TLS was used. Results ESPRIT correctly extracted harmonic frequencies of helicopter using the data of limited length under the variousflight conditions. Conclusion ESPRIT is an effective method of extracting harmonic frequencies and using harmonic frequencies of helicopter acoustic signal to recognize helicopter is feasible.

劳力士蚝情壮志 水鬼风靡

“水鬼”指的是劳力士Submariner替肮者型系列,人们对该系列表款俗称“水鬼”,水鬼是劳力士最具代表性运动表,由于售价较具备计时秒表功能的Daytorna来得低,遂成了不少人入门劳力士的首选。从‘1953年第一款劳力士水鬼腕表诞生,至今已有六十余年,早期的款式并没有日期显示,具备日期显示的Ref.1680要等到1962年才推出,之后经历了Ref.16800、Ref.168000,直到1989年的Ref.16610才终于稳定下来,这一代直到2010年才再度改款,可以说是非常经典的款式。

Bio-dissolution of Cu,Mo and Re from molybdenite concentrate using mix mesophilic microorganism in shake flask

The application of the response surface methodology and the central composite design（CCD） technique for modeling and optimization of the influence of some operating variables on copper,molybdenum and rhenium recoveries in a bioleaching process was investigated.Three main bioleaching parameters,namely pH,solid concentration and inoculum percent,were changed during the bioleaching tests based on CCD.The ranges of the bioleaching process variables used in the design were as follows：pH1.46-2.14,solid concentration 0.95%-11.05%,and inoculum percent 1.59%-18.41%.A total of 20 bioleaching tests were carried out by the CCD method according to software-based designed matrix.Empirical model equations were developed according to the copper,molybdenum and rhenium recoveries obtained with these three parameters.Model equations of responses at the base of parameters were achieved by using statistical software.The model equations were then individually optimized by using quadratic programming to maximize copper,molybdenum and rhenium recoveries individually within the experimental range.The optimum conditions for copper recovery were pH 1.68,solid concentration 0.95% and the inoculum 18.41%（v/v）,while molybdenum and rhenium recoveries were 2.18% and 24.41%,respectively.The predicted values for copper,molybdenum and rhenium recoveries were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.Also jarosite formation during bioleaching tests was also investigated.

An improved computation scheme of strapdown inertial navigation system using rotation technique

To improve the accuracy of strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) for long term applications,the rotation technique is employed to modulate the errors of the inertial sensors into periodically varied signals,and,as a result,to suppress the divergence of SINS errors.However,the errors of rotation platform will be introduced into SINS and might affect the final navigation accuracy.Considering the disadvantages of the conventional navigation computation scheme,an improved computation scheme of the SINS using rotation technique is proposed which can reduce the effects of the rotation platform errors.And,the error characteristics of the SINS with this navigation computation scheme are analyzed.Theoretical analysis,simulations and real test results show that the proposed navigation computation scheme outperforms the conventional navigation computation scheme,meanwhile reduces the requirement to the measurement accuracy of rotation angles.

Prediction of Effective Diffusion Coefficient in Rotating Disc Columns and Application in Design

A rotating disc column (RDC) with inner diameter 68 mm and 28 compartments is used in this study. Parameters including Sauter mean diameter, hold-up and mass transfer coefficient are measured experimentally un-der different operating conditions. The correlations in literature for molecular diffusion and enhancement factor equation including eddy diffusion, circulation and oscillation of drops are evaluated. A new equation for the effec-tive diffusion coefficient as a function of Reynolds number is proposed. The calculated values of mass transfer co-efficient and column height from the previous equations and present equation are compared with the experimental data. The results from the present equation are in very good agreement with the experimental results, which may be used in designing RDC columns.

Influences of diffusion bonding process parameters on bond characteristics of Mg-Cu dissimilar joints

In many circumstances,dissimilar metals have to be bonded together and the resulting joint interfaces must typically sustain mechanical and/or electrical forces without failure,which is not possible by fusion welding processes.The melting points of magnesium(Mg)and copper(Cu)have a significant difference(nearly 400℃)and this may lead to a large difference in the microstructure and joint performance of Mg-Cu joints.However,diffusion bonding can be used to join these alloys without much difficulty.This work analyses the effect of parameters on diffusion layer thickness,hardness and strength of magnesium-copper dissimilar joints.The experiments were conducted using three-factor,five-level,central composite rotatable design matrix.Empirical relationships were developed to predict diffusion layer thickness,hardness and strength using response surface methodology.It is found that bonding temperature has predominant effect on bond characteristics.Joints fabricated at a bonding temperature of 450℃, bonding pressure of 12 MPa and bonding time of 30 min exhibited maximum shear strength and bonding strength of 66 and 81 MPa, respectively.

An estimation of the penetration rate of rotary drills using the Specific Rock Mass Drillability index

The main purpose of the present study was to provide a practical, convenient drillability prediction model based on rock mass characteristics, geological sampling from blast holes, and drill operational factors. Empirical equations that predict drill penetration rate have been developed using statistical analyses of data from the Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine. Seven parameters of the rock or rock mass, including uniaxial compressive strength （UCS） of the rock, Schmidt hammer hardness value, quartz content, fragment size （dso）, alteration, and joint dip, are included in the model along with two operational parameters of the rotary drill, bit rotational speed and thrust. These parameters were used to predict values of the newly developed Specific Rock Mass Drillability （SRMD） index. Comparing measured SRMD values to those pre- dicted by the multi-parameter linear, or nonlinear, regression models showed good agreement. The cor- relation coefficients were 0.82 and 0.81. resoectively.

Two algorithms of working acceleration generated by a precision centrifuge with two rotating axes

The displacement of the origin of the accelerometer coordinate system relative to the origin of the base coordinate system is calculated by homogeneous transformation. The second order derivative of this displacement is the acceleration of the origin to the accelerometer coordinate system. By means of the attitude relationship between the base coordinate system and the accelerometer coordinate system, the acceleration components on the three coordinate axes is obtained. Utilizing the Coriolis rotation coordinate theorem, the three components are also calculated. The homogeneous transtbrmation method and vector differential method lead to identical results.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of the Offshore Wind Turbine Blades

The topic of offshore wind energy is attracting more and more attention as the energy crisis heightens.The blades are the key components of offshore wind turbines,and their dynamic characteristics directly determine the effectiveness of offshore wind turbines.With different rotating speeds and blade length,the rotating blades generate various centrifugal stiffening effects.To directly analyze the centrifugal stiffening effect of blades,the Rayleigh energy method (REM) was used to derive the natural frequency equation of the blade,including the centrifugal stiffening effect and the axial force calculation formula.The axial force planes and the first to third order natural frequency planes which vary with the rotating speed and length were calculated in three-dimensional coordinates.The centrifugal stiffening coefficient was introduced to quantitatively study the relationship between the centrifugal stiffening degree and the rotating speed,and then the fundamental frequency correction formula was built based on the rotating speed and the blade length.The analysis results show that the calculation results of the fundamental frequency correction formula agree with the theoretical calculation results.The error of calculation results between them is less than 0.5%.

A 4TH ORDER FULLY INTEGRATED ACTIVE RC COMPLEX FILTER WITH NOVEL AUTOMATIC TUNING SYSTEMS

This letter introduces a 4th order active RC complex filter with 1.SMHz center frequency and 1MHz bandwidth. The total harmonic distortion of the filter is less than -60dB and the image rejection ratio is greater than 60dB. A novel technique is also proposed in this letter to automatically adjust the variation of the time constant. The advantages of the proposed method are its high precision and simplicity. Using 5bits control words, the tuning error is less than ±1.6%.

Wireless Channel Parameter Estimation Algorithms: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

Temporal and three-dimensional(3 D) spatial information is important for the characterization of wireless channels. In this paper, the commonly used array signal processing(ASP) methods to estimate channel parameters are summarized. Firstly, algorithms that can be used to estimate azimuth angle of arrival(AAo A) and elevation Ao A(EAo A) are introduced. They include multiple signal classification(MUSIC), estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT), and Unitary ESPRIT algorithms. Secondly, algorithms that can be used to jointly estimate delay, AAo A, and EAo A are given. They include joint angle and delay estimation(JADE) MUSIC, JADE ESPRIT, shift-invariance(SI) JADE, and space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization(SAGE) algorithms. We also propose an improved SIJADE algorithm to further reduce computation complexity by incorporating with the Unitary ESPRIT algorithm. Performance of the above algorithms to extract only spatial information and to jointly extract temporal and spatial information is compared in both synthetic and 60 GHz real channel environments. Simulation results show that with the inclusion of delay estimation, the joint temporal and spatial estimation algorithms can provide better resolution than algorithms estimating only angles.Measurement data processing results show that MUSIC algorithm can provide comparable results with SAGE algorithm in estimating AAoA and EAoA. SI-JADE and the improved SI-JADE algorithms are also applicable to process 60 GHz channel measurement data.However, MUSIC, SI-JADE, and the improved SI-JADE algorithms can greatly reduce computational burden compared with SAGE algorithm. At last, some future directions are pointed out.

Design of 8-like Non-planar Cavity

For eliminating the negative effects of lock-in region and optical elements in cavity,the non-planar structure is strongly needed in laser gyro. In this paper,the theoretical formula of rotatory effect in non-planar cavity is presented deducing from basic light propagating law. Based on the 8-like plane cavity,a novel non-planar structure is designed and numerically calculated. The results show that for obtaining the required rotatory angle,it just needs to adjust the structural parameters of the original 8-like plane cavity. The four-frequency-differential laser gyro which adopts the non-planar 8-like structure has the same advantages as those with the planar 8-like structure,such as the gain region locates at one leg,the position of Faraday rotator has better spatial symmetry and the coating films of the output mirror is easily designed.