Family business predecessor announced to staff that with his son, he is going to commence a succession process in the family firm. Two of the key employees rose and announced their intention to leave the company after...Family business predecessor announced to staff that with his son, he is going to commence a succession process in the family firm. Two of the key employees rose and announced their intention to leave the company after the predecessor passed leadership of the firm to successor. In a firm with a total number of nine employees, such a situation can prove catastrophic. Why did these employees react that way? What is behind their motivation? Using these two employees as examples, this study discusses the elements which influence the development and continuance of employees' organisational commitment. Inspired by the example, this study gives answers by means of qualitative research methods to the following research questions: Could acceptance predict the development and continuation of organisational commitment during a process of organisational change and how do the concepts of psychological acceptance adaptation and organisational commitment link together in employee cognitive processing during organisational change? The empirical setting of this study includes seven small family fLrms and the study has carded out an overview of family business succession (FBS) from the viewpoint of non-family employees in Finnish and Irish family firms. Results of the study indicate how employees' commitment forms and changes during a certain change process. A key element for development and the continuance of commitment is acceptance. As an outcome of this paper, a new model will be developed where acceptance, adaptation, and commitment (AAC-model) are combined, in essence, three dimensions (functional, legal-economic, and psychological) of changes in FBS.展开更多
This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to cond...This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans' marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.展开更多
The paper examines how language ideology in English education affects its curriculum development. By exploring the topic from an autoethnographic perspective, the researcher describes how his transnational learning an...The paper examines how language ideology in English education affects its curriculum development. By exploring the topic from an autoethnographic perspective, the researcher describes how his transnational learning and teaching experience informed his perception of language ideological changes in English curriculum development. The researcher's lived experiences from China to the United States witness how English curriculum develops in an ideological continuum from functional ideology to critical ideology, with cultural ideology and progressive ideology existing between the two extremes. The author then concluded: While language ideology has evolved from stage to stage, due to effects of factors like student acceptance and political ideology, English curriculum in China is still dominated by functional ideology. The paper finally proposes how English language curriculum development should go at the current stage of internationalization.展开更多
Sportsmen who engage in sports in open natural settings are not always coherent in their behaviors towards environment; in fact, they seldom are. From survey made on a sport event the "Grand Raid 2010", a foot race ...Sportsmen who engage in sports in open natural settings are not always coherent in their behaviors towards environment; in fact, they seldom are. From survey made on a sport event the "Grand Raid 2010", a foot race in mountains of Reunion Island, the authors discover that these sportsmen are not the good activists fighting for a green planet that they imagine they are. The authors try to explain the disparity between the perception that they have of themselves and the reality of their practices.展开更多
Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. R...Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women's rights, children's rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people's struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.展开更多
Family businesses, which aim at surviving today, have to deal with a precise modality: To ensure their continuity, entrepreneurs have to ensure the transfer of leadership from one generation to another inside of them...Family businesses, which aim at surviving today, have to deal with a precise modality: To ensure their continuity, entrepreneurs have to ensure the transfer of leadership from one generation to another inside of them. We do believe that this matter is worth being analyzed, since the succession, from one generation to another, can be considered as a crucial variable in maintaining family small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) over time. Therefore, after investigating the main features, problems, and factors leading to the succession processes, in the second part of this article, an empirical analysis will be carried out, by comparing several European countries on the basis of data from the European Commission. This article contributes to enriching, from a theoretical point of view, the conceptual framework used for investigating the dynamics in the continuity of SMEs. Moreover, empirically, it contributes to the increasing literature on family businesses by comparing several European countries in order to understand what originates the longevity of family SMEs.展开更多
Some factors that have contributed to the need for organizational leaders to adapt, and adjust to other national cultures are the globalization of the workforce, the expansion of international companies, and exposure ...Some factors that have contributed to the need for organizational leaders to adapt, and adjust to other national cultures are the globalization of the workforce, the expansion of international companies, and exposure of many national organizations to increased business competition. The increased competition has forced organizational leaders to engage in the understanding of the cultural limitations of organizations and their leadership practices. In addition, cross-cultural leadership researchers in 21st century are cognizant of the fact that culture is a condition, and a boundary to previous leadership theories and practices. Using Gerte Hofstede's cultural dimension model, culture and organizational leadership as they relate to the leadership practices of participants, and National and Family Cultures are examined in this revised paper.展开更多
In the last three decades, the rise of a populist challenge to the liberal political mainstream exposed how shallow the supposed victory of global liberalism was, even in its heartlands in Europe and North America. Ex...In the last three decades, the rise of a populist challenge to the liberal political mainstream exposed how shallow the supposed victory of global liberalism was, even in its heartlands in Europe and North America. Exclusive nationalism and nativism, identity politics, critiques of globaiisation and internationalism, and calls for democratic re-empowerment of the demos have converged politically on a new locus of inflated territorial, indeed 'border' sovereignty, aligning the caU of 'taking back control' on behalf of a radically re-defined community ('we') with a defensive re-territorialisation of power along existing fault lines of nation-statism. In this paper, I argue that the very same call has become the new common political denominator for all populist platforms and parties across Europe. I argue that populists across the conventional left-fight divide have deployed a rigidly territo- rialised concept of popular sovereignty in order to bestow intellectual coherence and communicative power to the otherwise disparate strands of their anti-utopian cri- tiques of globalisation. In spite of significant ideological differences between so- called fight- and left-wing populism, in the short-term the two populist projects have sought to stage their performances of sovereigntism on, behind or inside the borders of the existing nation-states.展开更多
Recent liberal political science analysis has highlighted media, manipu- lation, and populist political trickery in the apparently sudden rise of the new Right in Europe and the USA. I suggest that a robust engagement...Recent liberal political science analysis has highlighted media, manipu- lation, and populist political trickery in the apparently sudden rise of the new Right in Europe and the USA. I suggest that a robust engagement with the actual social transformations over which liberalism has presided since 1989 is imperative. Anthropological work on class processes and the rise of neo-nationalist populism in Central and Eastern Europe has been strong in developing a more relational, pro- cessual, and embedded vision. In the current paper, I am looking at the phases and spaces of the rise of iUiberalism as a popular political sensibility in Central and Eastern Europe. In particular, I am interested in its gradual upscaling to the level of the nation state and, through the "Visegrad bloc" to the EU. I argue that both the emergence and step-by-step upscaling of illiberal political sensibilities are explained by class relational processes and the regionally uneven Polanyi-type "counter- movements" against liberalizations that they brought forth.展开更多
The paper deals with recent deviations from the shared values of con- stitutionalism towards a kind of 'populist, illiberal constitutionalism' introduced by Hungary's new constitution in 2011. The populism of FIDES...The paper deals with recent deviations from the shared values of con- stitutionalism towards a kind of 'populist, illiberal constitutionalism' introduced by Hungary's new constitution in 2011. The populism of FIDESZ was directed against all elites, including the ones that designed the 1989 constitutional system (in which FIDESZ also participated), claiming that it was time for a new revolution. This is why PM Viktor Orban characterized the results of the 2010 elections as a 'revo- lution of the ballot boxes'. His intention with this revolution was to eliminate all checks and balances, and even the parliamentary rotation of governing parties. His vision for a new constitutional order----one in which his political party occupies the centre stage of Hungarian political life and puts an end to debates over values has now been entrenched in the new constitution. The paper argues that this current Hungarian constitutional system was made possible by FIDESZ' anti-pluralist nationalist populism, but is not necessarily based on a true commitment to expressing the will of the people via 'illiberal constitutionalism'. The populist government rather misuses the country's lack of constitutional culture. Adherence to constitutional patriotism would mean that FIDESZ would have to endorse what John Rawls once called 'constitutional essentials'. The core of this kind of con- stitutional patriotism is a constitutional culture centred on universalist liberal democratic norms and values. Instead, the current Hungarian constitutional system is confronted with unconstitutional patriotism, a kind of nationalism that violates constitutional essentials in the name of 'national constitutional identity'.展开更多
The transcultural communication that characterizes our times needs to be carried out in a few commonly shared languages and this requirement has sharpened the awareness about uneven language status. While defenders of...The transcultural communication that characterizes our times needs to be carried out in a few commonly shared languages and this requirement has sharpened the awareness about uneven language status. While defenders of minor languages frequently make use of such concepts as ecosystem, human rights, capital, power, imperialism, etc. To express alarm at the spread of the English language in the present world, researchers tend to forget that these concepts applied to languages are only metaphors which, taken at their face value, would conceal the non- exclusive nature of language as a communicative instrument. A question is raised as to whether we should go beyond an essentially nationalist perception of language inherited from the nineteenth century.展开更多
文摘Family business predecessor announced to staff that with his son, he is going to commence a succession process in the family firm. Two of the key employees rose and announced their intention to leave the company after the predecessor passed leadership of the firm to successor. In a firm with a total number of nine employees, such a situation can prove catastrophic. Why did these employees react that way? What is behind their motivation? Using these two employees as examples, this study discusses the elements which influence the development and continuance of employees' organisational commitment. Inspired by the example, this study gives answers by means of qualitative research methods to the following research questions: Could acceptance predict the development and continuation of organisational commitment during a process of organisational change and how do the concepts of psychological acceptance adaptation and organisational commitment link together in employee cognitive processing during organisational change? The empirical setting of this study includes seven small family fLrms and the study has carded out an overview of family business succession (FBS) from the viewpoint of non-family employees in Finnish and Irish family firms. Results of the study indicate how employees' commitment forms and changes during a certain change process. A key element for development and the continuance of commitment is acceptance. As an outcome of this paper, a new model will be developed where acceptance, adaptation, and commitment (AAC-model) are combined, in essence, three dimensions (functional, legal-economic, and psychological) of changes in FBS.
文摘This paper explores Du Boisian notion of double consciousness and the notion of black nihilism suggested by Cornel West in Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) and August Wilson's Fences (1986). In order to conduct this study, the researcher adopts African American approach and shows that double consciousness and black nihilism are the immediate effects of African Americans' marginalisation. According to W. E. B. Du Bois, all African Americans develop the sense of double consciousness which means being both African and American simultaneously. On the other hand, Cornel West believes that black Americans suffer from nihilism which means loss of hope and absence of meaning. The paper is an attempt to compare the novel Invisible Man and the play Fences thematically based on these two theories. It then looks to find the considerable similarities in the conditions of the protagonists of these two literary works. Although both protagonists migrate to the North to escape Southern racism in the era prior to the Civil Rights Movement, they become totally disillusioned, for they are treated as the invisible marginal. Interestingly though, at the end of both stories, there remains a ray of hope for reactivation and the creation of democracy for black Americans.
文摘The paper examines how language ideology in English education affects its curriculum development. By exploring the topic from an autoethnographic perspective, the researcher describes how his transnational learning and teaching experience informed his perception of language ideological changes in English curriculum development. The researcher's lived experiences from China to the United States witness how English curriculum develops in an ideological continuum from functional ideology to critical ideology, with cultural ideology and progressive ideology existing between the two extremes. The author then concluded: While language ideology has evolved from stage to stage, due to effects of factors like student acceptance and political ideology, English curriculum in China is still dominated by functional ideology. The paper finally proposes how English language curriculum development should go at the current stage of internationalization.
文摘Sportsmen who engage in sports in open natural settings are not always coherent in their behaviors towards environment; in fact, they seldom are. From survey made on a sport event the "Grand Raid 2010", a foot race in mountains of Reunion Island, the authors discover that these sportsmen are not the good activists fighting for a green planet that they imagine they are. The authors try to explain the disparity between the perception that they have of themselves and the reality of their practices.
文摘Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women's rights, children's rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people's struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.
文摘Family businesses, which aim at surviving today, have to deal with a precise modality: To ensure their continuity, entrepreneurs have to ensure the transfer of leadership from one generation to another inside of them. We do believe that this matter is worth being analyzed, since the succession, from one generation to another, can be considered as a crucial variable in maintaining family small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) over time. Therefore, after investigating the main features, problems, and factors leading to the succession processes, in the second part of this article, an empirical analysis will be carried out, by comparing several European countries on the basis of data from the European Commission. This article contributes to enriching, from a theoretical point of view, the conceptual framework used for investigating the dynamics in the continuity of SMEs. Moreover, empirically, it contributes to the increasing literature on family businesses by comparing several European countries in order to understand what originates the longevity of family SMEs.
文摘Some factors that have contributed to the need for organizational leaders to adapt, and adjust to other national cultures are the globalization of the workforce, the expansion of international companies, and exposure of many national organizations to increased business competition. The increased competition has forced organizational leaders to engage in the understanding of the cultural limitations of organizations and their leadership practices. In addition, cross-cultural leadership researchers in 21st century are cognizant of the fact that culture is a condition, and a boundary to previous leadership theories and practices. Using Gerte Hofstede's cultural dimension model, culture and organizational leadership as they relate to the leadership practices of participants, and National and Family Cultures are examined in this revised paper.
文摘In the last three decades, the rise of a populist challenge to the liberal political mainstream exposed how shallow the supposed victory of global liberalism was, even in its heartlands in Europe and North America. Exclusive nationalism and nativism, identity politics, critiques of globaiisation and internationalism, and calls for democratic re-empowerment of the demos have converged politically on a new locus of inflated territorial, indeed 'border' sovereignty, aligning the caU of 'taking back control' on behalf of a radically re-defined community ('we') with a defensive re-territorialisation of power along existing fault lines of nation-statism. In this paper, I argue that the very same call has become the new common political denominator for all populist platforms and parties across Europe. I argue that populists across the conventional left-fight divide have deployed a rigidly territo- rialised concept of popular sovereignty in order to bestow intellectual coherence and communicative power to the otherwise disparate strands of their anti-utopian cri- tiques of globalisation. In spite of significant ideological differences between so- called fight- and left-wing populism, in the short-term the two populist projects have sought to stage their performances of sovereigntism on, behind or inside the borders of the existing nation-states.
文摘Recent liberal political science analysis has highlighted media, manipu- lation, and populist political trickery in the apparently sudden rise of the new Right in Europe and the USA. I suggest that a robust engagement with the actual social transformations over which liberalism has presided since 1989 is imperative. Anthropological work on class processes and the rise of neo-nationalist populism in Central and Eastern Europe has been strong in developing a more relational, pro- cessual, and embedded vision. In the current paper, I am looking at the phases and spaces of the rise of iUiberalism as a popular political sensibility in Central and Eastern Europe. In particular, I am interested in its gradual upscaling to the level of the nation state and, through the "Visegrad bloc" to the EU. I argue that both the emergence and step-by-step upscaling of illiberal political sensibilities are explained by class relational processes and the regionally uneven Polanyi-type "counter- movements" against liberalizations that they brought forth.
文摘The paper deals with recent deviations from the shared values of con- stitutionalism towards a kind of 'populist, illiberal constitutionalism' introduced by Hungary's new constitution in 2011. The populism of FIDESZ was directed against all elites, including the ones that designed the 1989 constitutional system (in which FIDESZ also participated), claiming that it was time for a new revolution. This is why PM Viktor Orban characterized the results of the 2010 elections as a 'revo- lution of the ballot boxes'. His intention with this revolution was to eliminate all checks and balances, and even the parliamentary rotation of governing parties. His vision for a new constitutional order----one in which his political party occupies the centre stage of Hungarian political life and puts an end to debates over values has now been entrenched in the new constitution. The paper argues that this current Hungarian constitutional system was made possible by FIDESZ' anti-pluralist nationalist populism, but is not necessarily based on a true commitment to expressing the will of the people via 'illiberal constitutionalism'. The populist government rather misuses the country's lack of constitutional culture. Adherence to constitutional patriotism would mean that FIDESZ would have to endorse what John Rawls once called 'constitutional essentials'. The core of this kind of con- stitutional patriotism is a constitutional culture centred on universalist liberal democratic norms and values. Instead, the current Hungarian constitutional system is confronted with unconstitutional patriotism, a kind of nationalism that violates constitutional essentials in the name of 'national constitutional identity'.
文摘The transcultural communication that characterizes our times needs to be carried out in a few commonly shared languages and this requirement has sharpened the awareness about uneven language status. While defenders of minor languages frequently make use of such concepts as ecosystem, human rights, capital, power, imperialism, etc. To express alarm at the spread of the English language in the present world, researchers tend to forget that these concepts applied to languages are only metaphors which, taken at their face value, would conceal the non- exclusive nature of language as a communicative instrument. A question is raised as to whether we should go beyond an essentially nationalist perception of language inherited from the nineteenth century.