A 2. 4GHz CMOS monolithic transceiver front-end for IEEE 802. llb wireless LAN applications is presented. The receiver and transmitter are both of superheterodyne structure for good system performance. The frontend co...A 2. 4GHz CMOS monolithic transceiver front-end for IEEE 802. llb wireless LAN applications is presented. The receiver and transmitter are both of superheterodyne structure for good system performance. The frontend consists of five blocks., low noise amplifier,down-converter, up-converter, pre-amplifier, and LO buffer. Their input/output impedance are all on-chip matched to 50 Ω except the down-converter which has open-drain outputs. The transceiver RF front-end has been implemented in a 0. 18μm CMOS process. When the LNA and the down-converter are directly connected, the measured noise figure is 5.2dB, the measured available power gain 12. 5dB, the input l dB compression point --18dBm,and the third-order input intercept point --7dBm. The receiver front-end draws 13.6mA currents from the 1.8V power supply. When the up-converter and pre-amplifier are directly connected, the measured noise figure is 12.4dB, the power gain is 23. 8dB, the output ldB compression point is 1.5dBm, and the third-order output intercept point is 16dBm. The transmitter consumes 27.6mA current from the 1.8V power supply.展开更多
The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interroga...The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interrogator by 10% or 100% ASK modulation. The transponder sends data back to the interrogator by load modulation technology. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits function to limit RF voltage to a safe level. An inductive coupling simulation modelling for 13.56 MHz RFID system is presented, with simulation results showing that the transponder operates over a wide range of electromagnetic field strength from Hmin (150 mA/m) to Hmax (5 A/m). The transponder IC is implemented in SMIC 0.35-μm three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM.展开更多
Radio frequency identification(RFID) is a ubiquitous identification technology nowadays. An on-chip high-performance transmit/receive(T/R) switch is designed and simulated in 0.13-μm CMOS technology for reader-less R...Radio frequency identification(RFID) is a ubiquitous identification technology nowadays. An on-chip high-performance transmit/receive(T/R) switch is designed and simulated in 0.13-μm CMOS technology for reader-less RFID tag. The switch utilizes only the transistor width and length(W/L) optimization, proper gate bias resistor and resistive body floating technique and therefore,exhibits 1 d B insertion loss, 31.5 d B isolation and 29.2 d Bm 1-d B compression point(P1d B). Moreover, the switch dissipates only786.7 n W power for 1.8/0 V control voltages and is capable of switching in 794 fs. Above all, as there is no inductor or capacitor used in the circuit, the size of the switch is 0.00208 mm2 only. This switch will be appropriate for reader-less RFID tag transceiver front-end as well as other wireless transceivers operated at 2.4 GHz band.展开更多
This paper lenges in the design of discusses some chal- millimeter-wave (mln- wave) circuits and systems for 5th generation (5G) wireless systems in CMOS process. The properties of some passive and active devices ...This paper lenges in the design of discusses some chal- millimeter-wave (mln- wave) circuits and systems for 5th generation (5G) wireless systems in CMOS process. The properties of some passive and active devices such as inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, translbrmers and transistors in mm-wave frequency band are discussed. Self-healing technique dealing with PVT variation, res- onant mode switching technique to enhance frequency tuning range of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and dual mode technique for power amplifier (PA) efficiency enhancement are introduced. At last, A fully-integrated 60 GHz 5 Gb/s QPSK transceiver with the transmit/receive (T/R) switch in 65nm CMOS process is introduced. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) of the TX is -21.9 dB while the bit error rate (BER) of the RX with a -52 dBm sine-wave input is below 8e-7 when transmitting/receiving 5 Gb/s data. The transceiver is powered by 1.0 V and 1.2 V supply (except the phase-frequency detector and charge-pump in the frequency synthesizer which are powered by 2.5 V supply) and con- sumes 135 mW in TX mode and 176 mW in RX mode.展开更多
The clock generator and OOK modulator for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) presented in this paper consist of a current source and delay elements. The simple constant-gm structure is adopted in the current source...The clock generator and OOK modulator for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) presented in this paper consist of a current source and delay elements. The simple constant-gm structure is adopted in the current source design and the current consumption of the current source is only about 2 μA. The delay elements, the clock generator and OOK modulator are introduced in detail in the paper. The designed circuits are fabricated by 0.6 μm CMOS process. The area of the core circuit is only about 400 μm×80 μm. The delay time of all three samples is in the range of 9 μs to 21 μs when the supply voltage varies from 2 V to 4 V. As the measured results satisfy the system requirements, these circuit structures are suitable for RFID application.展开更多
In this paper,a portable 2.42 GHz transmitter for wireless communication systems,with 8dBm output power and small size is proposed.Several novel features exist in this transmitter.First,power consumption and output ar...In this paper,a portable 2.42 GHz transmitter for wireless communication systems,with 8dBm output power and small size is proposed.Several novel features exist in this transmitter.First,power consumption and output are balanced by introducing a differential oscillator with input signal controlled biasing,which acts as both a carrier generator and an OOK modulator.Then,power consumption of the transmitter is reduced by the OOK modulated signal via switching the oscillator and the power amplifier at the same time.Furthermore,the area size is also reduced by a class-AB power amplifier,which uses the PCB antenna as the resonance inductance.With these features,the total chip area is reduced to 670μm×740μm(In a 0.18μm CMOS process).展开更多
The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user's body and to form a weak field area (a dark spot) in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in ...The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user's body and to form a weak field area (a dark spot) in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in a narrow frequencies range are given. They show that under realistic conditions the compensation method allows reducing the irradiation power by a factor of 3-4 and more. The pattern changes are predictable and small, if the points of antennas placement are selected correctly. The dark spot necessity near the transmitter is not limited by mobile communication. A man often uses a low-power radio station, which is placed nearby in a vehicle, and it is necessary to protect from irradiation not only user but also other passengers. In the paper, it is shown that broadband field compensation can be achieved in various structures where the needed anti-phase fields are created either by identical antennas or by radiators located at equal distance from the compensation point, or by flat reflectors.展开更多
With the rapid development of express logistics business side, the traditional sorting has been unable to meet the needs of the logistics courier logistics development. In this case, the article combined with RFID rad...With the rapid development of express logistics business side, the traditional sorting has been unable to meet the needs of the logistics courier logistics development. In this case, the article combined with RFID radio frequency technology, put forward new ideas on the transformation of traditional logistics sorted. By adding RFID tags and binding RFID tags on waybill number, Comparison test validate and affirm that the RFID technology of sorting system is usability and ease of use.展开更多
Recently, the demand for REEs (rare earth elements) has been heavily increasing, as they are used in many high-tech products (e.g., because of their specific magnetic behavior). As a result, the supply situation f...Recently, the demand for REEs (rare earth elements) has been heavily increasing, as they are used in many high-tech products (e.g., because of their specific magnetic behavior). As a result, the supply situation for REEs is worsening and the world market is depending on Chinese exports, so that it may be worthwhile to recycle e-waste (electronic waste) in European countries. This article describes an analytical method to analyze REEs in different kinds of e-waste with the help of a simultaneous ICP-OES (ICP optical emission spectrometer). The task is challenging because samples show significant differences in terms of major, minor and trace element concentrations. Depending on the field of application, the level of matrix elements and target elements differs completely, resulting in a wide variety of spectral interferences. The method presented in this article allows an accurate quantification of REEs as well as a high sample throughput. In addition to REEs, other elements of economic interest can be determined in the same way. The development of a sample preparation process is another important issue and considered as well.展开更多
We demonstrate terahertz(THz) frequency laser emission around 3.2 THz from localized modes in one-dimensional disordered grating systems. The disordered structures are patterned on top of the double-metal waveguide of...We demonstrate terahertz(THz) frequency laser emission around 3.2 THz from localized modes in one-dimensional disordered grating systems. The disordered structures are patterned on top of the double-metal waveguide of a THz quantum cascade laser. Multiple emission peaks are observed within a frequency range corresponding to the bandgap of a periodic counterpart with no disorder, indicating the presence of mode localization aided by Bragg scattering. Simulations and experimental measurements provide strong evidence for the spatial localization of the THz laser modes.展开更多
Transmitter identification(TxID) technique is used to diagnose the operation status of radio transmitters in DTV distributed transmission network.A new TxID method for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) syste...Transmitter identification(TxID) technique is used to diagnose the operation status of radio transmitters in DTV distributed transmission network.A new TxID method for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) system is proposed.Watermark is embedded in the DVB-H signal to form the composite signal.According to watermarking theory we demonstrate the required signal level for watermarking signal to achieve given bit error probability under different circumstance.By selecting the reference pattern to generate watermarking signal,peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signal can be improved.Simulation results show that even in wireless situation the receiver can distinguish the watermarking signal with low embedding strength, and distortion to the host signal can also be ignored.展开更多
文摘A 2. 4GHz CMOS monolithic transceiver front-end for IEEE 802. llb wireless LAN applications is presented. The receiver and transmitter are both of superheterodyne structure for good system performance. The frontend consists of five blocks., low noise amplifier,down-converter, up-converter, pre-amplifier, and LO buffer. Their input/output impedance are all on-chip matched to 50 Ω except the down-converter which has open-drain outputs. The transceiver RF front-end has been implemented in a 0. 18μm CMOS process. When the LNA and the down-converter are directly connected, the measured noise figure is 5.2dB, the measured available power gain 12. 5dB, the input l dB compression point --18dBm,and the third-order input intercept point --7dBm. The receiver front-end draws 13.6mA currents from the 1.8V power supply. When the up-converter and pre-amplifier are directly connected, the measured noise figure is 12.4dB, the power gain is 23. 8dB, the output ldB compression point is 1.5dBm, and the third-order output intercept point is 16dBm. The transmitter consumes 27.6mA current from the 1.8V power supply.
文摘The 13.56 MHz analog front-end circuit for ISO/IEC 15693-compatible radio frequency identification (RFID) trans- ponder IC presented in this paper converts RF power to DC and extracts clock and data from the interrogator by 10% or 100% ASK modulation. The transponder sends data back to the interrogator by load modulation technology. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits function to limit RF voltage to a safe level. An inductive coupling simulation modelling for 13.56 MHz RFID system is presented, with simulation results showing that the transponder operates over a wide range of electromagnetic field strength from Hmin (150 mA/m) to Hmax (5 A/m). The transponder IC is implemented in SMIC 0.35-μm three-metal two-poly mixed signal CMOS technology with embedded EEPROM.
基金supported by the research grant Economic Transformation Programme (ETP-2013-037) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) respectively
文摘Radio frequency identification(RFID) is a ubiquitous identification technology nowadays. An on-chip high-performance transmit/receive(T/R) switch is designed and simulated in 0.13-μm CMOS technology for reader-less RFID tag. The switch utilizes only the transistor width and length(W/L) optimization, proper gate bias resistor and resistive body floating technique and therefore,exhibits 1 d B insertion loss, 31.5 d B isolation and 29.2 d Bm 1-d B compression point(P1d B). Moreover, the switch dissipates only786.7 n W power for 1.8/0 V control voltages and is capable of switching in 794 fs. Above all, as there is no inductor or capacitor used in the circuit, the size of the switch is 0.00208 mm2 only. This switch will be appropriate for reader-less RFID tag transceiver front-end as well as other wireless transceivers operated at 2.4 GHz band.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61331003 and Grant 61222405
文摘This paper lenges in the design of discusses some chal- millimeter-wave (mln- wave) circuits and systems for 5th generation (5G) wireless systems in CMOS process. The properties of some passive and active devices such as inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, translbrmers and transistors in mm-wave frequency band are discussed. Self-healing technique dealing with PVT variation, res- onant mode switching technique to enhance frequency tuning range of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and dual mode technique for power amplifier (PA) efficiency enhancement are introduced. At last, A fully-integrated 60 GHz 5 Gb/s QPSK transceiver with the transmit/receive (T/R) switch in 65nm CMOS process is introduced. The measured error vector magnitude (EVM) of the TX is -21.9 dB while the bit error rate (BER) of the RX with a -52 dBm sine-wave input is below 8e-7 when transmitting/receiving 5 Gb/s data. The transceiver is powered by 1.0 V and 1.2 V supply (except the phase-frequency detector and charge-pump in the frequency synthesizer which are powered by 2.5 V supply) and con- sumes 135 mW in TX mode and 176 mW in RX mode.
文摘The clock generator and OOK modulator for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) presented in this paper consist of a current source and delay elements. The simple constant-gm structure is adopted in the current source design and the current consumption of the current source is only about 2 μA. The delay elements, the clock generator and OOK modulator are introduced in detail in the paper. The designed circuits are fabricated by 0.6 μm CMOS process. The area of the core circuit is only about 400 μm×80 μm. The delay time of all three samples is in the range of 9 μs to 21 μs when the supply voltage varies from 2 V to 4 V. As the measured results satisfy the system requirements, these circuit structures are suitable for RFID application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61072010)
文摘In this paper,a portable 2.42 GHz transmitter for wireless communication systems,with 8dBm output power and small size is proposed.Several novel features exist in this transmitter.First,power consumption and output are balanced by introducing a differential oscillator with input signal controlled biasing,which acts as both a carrier generator and an OOK modulator.Then,power consumption of the transmitter is reduced by the OOK modulated signal via switching the oscillator and the power amplifier at the same time.Furthermore,the area size is also reduced by a class-AB power amplifier,which uses the PCB antenna as the resonance inductance.With these features,the total chip area is reduced to 670μm×740μm(In a 0.18μm CMOS process).
文摘The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user's body and to form a weak field area (a dark spot) in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in a narrow frequencies range are given. They show that under realistic conditions the compensation method allows reducing the irradiation power by a factor of 3-4 and more. The pattern changes are predictable and small, if the points of antennas placement are selected correctly. The dark spot necessity near the transmitter is not limited by mobile communication. A man often uses a low-power radio station, which is placed nearby in a vehicle, and it is necessary to protect from irradiation not only user but also other passengers. In the paper, it is shown that broadband field compensation can be achieved in various structures where the needed anti-phase fields are created either by identical antennas or by radiators located at equal distance from the compensation point, or by flat reflectors.
文摘With the rapid development of express logistics business side, the traditional sorting has been unable to meet the needs of the logistics courier logistics development. In this case, the article combined with RFID radio frequency technology, put forward new ideas on the transformation of traditional logistics sorted. By adding RFID tags and binding RFID tags on waybill number, Comparison test validate and affirm that the RFID technology of sorting system is usability and ease of use.
文摘Recently, the demand for REEs (rare earth elements) has been heavily increasing, as they are used in many high-tech products (e.g., because of their specific magnetic behavior). As a result, the supply situation for REEs is worsening and the world market is depending on Chinese exports, so that it may be worthwhile to recycle e-waste (electronic waste) in European countries. This article describes an analytical method to analyze REEs in different kinds of e-waste with the help of a simultaneous ICP-OES (ICP optical emission spectrometer). The task is challenging because samples show significant differences in terms of major, minor and trace element concentrations. Depending on the field of application, the level of matrix elements and target elements differs completely, resulting in a wide variety of spectral interferences. The method presented in this article allows an accurate quantification of REEs as well as a high sample throughput. In addition to REEs, other elements of economic interest can be determined in the same way. The development of a sample preparation process is another important issue and considered as well.
基金Ministry of Education-Singapore(MOE)(MOE 2016-T2-1-128)Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)(1426500050)+2 种基金National Research Foundation Singapore(NRF)(NRF-CRP18-2017-02)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)(EP/P021859/1)Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation
文摘We demonstrate terahertz(THz) frequency laser emission around 3.2 THz from localized modes in one-dimensional disordered grating systems. The disordered structures are patterned on top of the double-metal waveguide of a THz quantum cascade laser. Multiple emission peaks are observed within a frequency range corresponding to the bandgap of a periodic counterpart with no disorder, indicating the presence of mode localization aided by Bragg scattering. Simulations and experimental measurements provide strong evidence for the spatial localization of the THz laser modes.
文摘Transmitter identification(TxID) technique is used to diagnose the operation status of radio transmitters in DTV distributed transmission network.A new TxID method for digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) system is proposed.Watermark is embedded in the DVB-H signal to form the composite signal.According to watermarking theory we demonstrate the required signal level for watermarking signal to achieve given bit error probability under different circumstance.By selecting the reference pattern to generate watermarking signal,peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) of the transmitted signal can be improved.Simulation results show that even in wireless situation the receiver can distinguish the watermarking signal with low embedding strength, and distortion to the host signal can also be ignored.