The Berezovsk coal mine in western Siberia has yielded the most diverse Middle Jurassic limnic and terrestrial vertebrate assemblage of Asia. The vertebrate remains were recovered by screen washing from floodplain dep...The Berezovsk coal mine in western Siberia has yielded the most diverse Middle Jurassic limnic and terrestrial vertebrate assemblage of Asia. The vertebrate remains were recovered by screen washing from floodplain deposits on top of a thick coal seam of the Bathonian Itat Formation. A total of 29 vertebrate taxa has been recorded so far,including hybodontiform sharks,acipenseriforms,palaeonisciforms,amiiforms,dipnoans,anurans,caudates,turtles,squamates,choristoderans,crocodyliforms,pterosaurs,dinosaurs,tritylodontids,and a diverse mammaliaform and mammalian assemblage( eleutherodontids,docodontans,? amphilestids,dryolestids,and zatherians). The caudates are among the oldest in the fossil record and the anurans represent the oldest Asian record of this group. Among the mammals,Anthracolestes is the oldest and most basal known member of Dryolestidae and so far the only record from Asia. The vertebrate assemblage from the Berezovsk coal mine is very similar to that from the British Forest Marble Formation( Bathonian) and suggests a limited provincialism in the Middle Jurassic Laurasian landmass.展开更多
For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recen...For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .展开更多
基金Financial support was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (grant MA 1643 /14-1. 2)the Board of the President of the Russian Federation ( MD-802 . 2009 . 4 )+1 种基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research ( projects 07 -04 -00393 ,10 -04 -01350 ,13 -04 -01401 ,and 11 -04 -91331 -NNIO)the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Origin of the Life and Establishment of Biosphere
文摘The Berezovsk coal mine in western Siberia has yielded the most diverse Middle Jurassic limnic and terrestrial vertebrate assemblage of Asia. The vertebrate remains were recovered by screen washing from floodplain deposits on top of a thick coal seam of the Bathonian Itat Formation. A total of 29 vertebrate taxa has been recorded so far,including hybodontiform sharks,acipenseriforms,palaeonisciforms,amiiforms,dipnoans,anurans,caudates,turtles,squamates,choristoderans,crocodyliforms,pterosaurs,dinosaurs,tritylodontids,and a diverse mammaliaform and mammalian assemblage( eleutherodontids,docodontans,? amphilestids,dryolestids,and zatherians). The caudates are among the oldest in the fossil record and the anurans represent the oldest Asian record of this group. Among the mammals,Anthracolestes is the oldest and most basal known member of Dryolestidae and so far the only record from Asia. The vertebrate assemblage from the Berezovsk coal mine is very similar to that from the British Forest Marble Formation( Bathonian) and suggests a limited provincialism in the Middle Jurassic Laurasian landmass.
基金Acknowledgements We thank Prof. An Martel at Ghent University for providing positive control samples for Bs detection by PCR. We thank Zhiqing Xu at the Chongqing Museum of Natural History for assisting with sampling. This research was supported by grants from The Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2013FYl10300） and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation （code： 5132026）.
文摘For the last decade, chytridiomycosis was considered to be caused by a single species of fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis （Bd）, but a second chytrid species, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans （Bs）, was recently isolated from an in- fected Salamandra salamandra in the Netherlands. To date, Bs has only been found in the Netherlands. To assess whether Bs is present in China, we analyzed a total of 665 samples, including 425 wild samples, 41 preserved specimens, and 199 captive sam- pies, from 30 different species, including both urodeles and anurans. Our sample sites covered 15 provinces in China. All of the samples tested negative for Bs, resulting in a 95% confidence limit for a prevalence of 0.6%. The absence of Bs observed in this large-scale survey in China has significant implications for amphibian conservation and for border trade management strategies intended to control amphibian diseases. We strongly recommend the continued close monitoring of Bs to verify the status of this potentially devastating amphibian fungus in China .
