Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater. Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the p...Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater. Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal ,related data between ammonia removal and five factors was received through multi-factor orthogonal test,and established relations model between the five factor and nitrogen removal. The results show that five-factors had significant effect on AR,and the best combinations for removing AR was temperature 30 ℃,pH=7.0,light intensity 6 000 lux,dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/L and the fill rate 10%. According to the experimental data,equation model was proposed and coefficient of determination R2 =0.864 8,P<0.05. Samples T-test was done between the model predictions and the actual measured values.Test results showed that the significant difference of overall mean value sig. (2-tailed) was 0.978 (P>0.05),it Shows that had no significant difference between model predictions and the actual measured value,and model had a high degree of fitting.展开更多
Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective coveting, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed ...Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective coveting, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins Cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex： Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more ＂soft＂ sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. Color Vision： Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of ex- posed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more ＂hard＂ sedentary invertebrates. We con- elude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 300-312, 2010].展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972260)~~
文摘Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater. Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal ,related data between ammonia removal and five factors was received through multi-factor orthogonal test,and established relations model between the five factor and nitrogen removal. The results show that five-factors had significant effect on AR,and the best combinations for removing AR was temperature 30 ℃,pH=7.0,light intensity 6 000 lux,dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/L and the fill rate 10%. According to the experimental data,equation model was proposed and coefficient of determination R2 =0.864 8,P<0.05. Samples T-test was done between the model predictions and the actual measured values.Test results showed that the significant difference of overall mean value sig. (2-tailed) was 0.978 (P>0.05),it Shows that had no significant difference between model predictions and the actual measured value,and model had a high degree of fitting.
基金supported by grants from The Leakey Foundationthe Alberta Ingenuity Fund+4 种基金the Animal Behavior Societythe National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)NSERC and the Canada Research Chairs Programthe Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (16405015)(A) (19207018) from JSPS
文摘Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective coveting, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins Cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex： Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more ＂soft＂ sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. Color Vision： Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of ex- posed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more ＂hard＂ sedentary invertebrates. We con- elude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 300-312, 2010].
