Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to p...Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to provide producers and growers with pathogen-free stock plants.In this study,five grapevine rootstock varieties,‘SO4’,‘101-14’,‘5BB’,‘110R’and‘1103P’,were selected as explants to establish an in vitro culture protocol,and three species of grapevine viruses were tested by real-time RT-PCR.The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA,1.0 mg/L 6-BA,0.5 mg/L KT,4.0 mg/L adenine for culture initiation,and WPM supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA for subculture were suitable for all five rootstock varieties,with multiplication coefficients ranging from 1.6 to 4.4.Virus testing showed that single RT-PCR was more effective for detecting the three viruses compared to double or triple RT-PCR.Only plantlets free from the aforementioned viruses were retained for subculture.Plantlets were hardened at room temperature under natural lighting in Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and transplanted to pots filled with mixed media in a greenhouse.This protocol is applicable for rapid propagation of the five grapevine rootstock varieties and can be used for commercial production of virus-free grapevine stocks.展开更多
Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA s...Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) have been identified from almost all plant virus genera and some viruses of insects and mammals. Recent studies have revealed that VSRs counter host defense and interfere with host gene regulation by interacting with RNA or important components of the RNA silencing pathway. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex mechanisms of VSRs that have been revealed by recent studies.展开更多
文摘Nursery plant propagation by grafting has been widely used in modern viticulture to minimize the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stresses.In grapevine(Vitis spp.),an effective way to control disease damage is to provide producers and growers with pathogen-free stock plants.In this study,five grapevine rootstock varieties,‘SO4’,‘101-14’,‘5BB’,‘110R’and‘1103P’,were selected as explants to establish an in vitro culture protocol,and three species of grapevine viruses were tested by real-time RT-PCR.The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA,1.0 mg/L 6-BA,0.5 mg/L KT,4.0 mg/L adenine for culture initiation,and WPM supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA for subculture were suitable for all five rootstock varieties,with multiplication coefficients ranging from 1.6 to 4.4.Virus testing showed that single RT-PCR was more effective for detecting the three viruses compared to double or triple RT-PCR.Only plantlets free from the aforementioned viruses were retained for subculture.Plantlets were hardened at room temperature under natural lighting in Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and transplanted to pots filled with mixed media in a greenhouse.This protocol is applicable for rapid propagation of the five grapevine rootstock varieties and can be used for commercial production of virus-free grapevine stocks.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB114004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31030005 and 30910103904)
文摘Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) have been identified from almost all plant virus genera and some viruses of insects and mammals. Recent studies have revealed that VSRs counter host defense and interfere with host gene regulation by interacting with RNA or important components of the RNA silencing pathway. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex mechanisms of VSRs that have been revealed by recent studies.
