基于ZigBee无线感测网络的中药种植环境监测系统设计

目的针对亳州中药材传统化种植,结合ZigBee无线感测技术和网络技术,构建中药材种植环境的监测系统,以提高中药材种植的产量和质量。方法以亳州道地药材种植基地为研究对象,建立监测系统,包括装置端、服务器端与客户端3部分,在中药材种植环境中安装ZigBee无线感测设备,收集环境参数数据,利用网络技术传输到中药材种植户操作平台。结果中药材种植户可以通过操作计算机查看中药材基地里面监测的环境参数具体数据。结论亳州中药材种植直接影响全国中药材交易量和交易价格,提高中药材种植的产量和质量,增加中药材种植户的收益,同时政府部门能够有效地对中药材市场进行宏观调控,促进中药材交易良性发展。

无线感测网络上节能的事件驱动数据汇集机制

针对无线感测网络上动态改变的事件,设计一套有效率的数据汇集机制.采用网格架构,建立数据汇集树将事件数据传送至汇集点.在初始建立数据汇集树架构时便尽量减少多余的回传节点,以减少感测点的能量消耗.而在事件产生变动时,可应事件变化的调整机制让树架构依然有效率的运作.本文提出的方法与无线感测网络中的3个数据汇集技术EADA、Dual-Tree-Based和Range Query做比较,仿真结果显示本文的方法能够有效的延长网络存活时间,且在总能量消耗及系统开销(overhead)皆有良好表现.

无线感测网络WSN的芯片技术与解决方案

由许多感测节点所构成的无线感测网络WSN,可各种环境需求来设置。而为了长期运行,大多采用低功耗与节电设计,必要时再搭配能源采集的功能,让运行时间更长久。在感测资料的搜集与传递部份,除传感器必须量测精准,各节点之间的资料传输也必须力求通畅,并具有容错能力,各个厂商也推出不同传输技术与解决方案。

首创智能无源传感器用于汽车无线感测应用

安森美半导体的智能无源传感器,用于汽车胎压监测系统、座椅压力检测、整车漏水检测及液位检测,具有显著的成本、能效及可靠性优势。

煤矿井下高低压开关测温无线传输系统研究与应用

本文采用无线测温技术实现对井下高低压开关柜内部关键位置(负载相接线柱)的温度实现实时在线监测及高温预警。并准确提供电缆、触点等的故障部位。实现预期型检修方式的重要途径。

物联网技术于人文艺术之应用

近年来,物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)产业受到许多的关注,世界各国均视其为潜在无限商机的高科技产业,并投入大量的资源从事研发与推广。由于物联网的应用非常广泛,且透过物联网技术人类得以提升生活质量,让生活更加便利,因此,本论文首先简介物联网的背景及应用,并介绍其基本概念与架构。接着,本论文以「无线感测真菌人文树道」为例,针对物联网技术应用于人文艺术领域进行说明,并详细叙述其所使用到之各项软件、韧体及硬件技术,透过真菌的感测、无线通信及异质网络连网功能的设计,使真菌网络成为物联网在人文艺术应用的一个重要典范。

农业格网与农业信息系统的发展

信息与通信科技的快速发展与因特网数据系统不断建立所形成的知识平台,其最重要的发展效益是能整合运用许多网络资源与分散的异质数据。农业信息系统的终极发展与体系之建立,其架构将会有如农业格网,基于格网发展农业信息系统,能适当的共享网络上多元的计算能力、各类的农业技术数据库、无线多媒体感测网络、生产规划与分析模型、不同来源与形式的信息等,而能达到积极有效的应用发展,例如全面的食品安全生产履历系统、决策支持系统等多元化的应用。该文除简介农业格网发展相关的分散与共用整合之格网架构,并探讨了台湾农业格网相关的发展计划,包括无线多媒体感测网络的发展与应用、生产履历、自动化系统整合等。并据此探讨农业信息系统的分层发展架构及提供农业信息系统发展接口,以及农民使用者接口的需要。

WSN-智能型高速公路信息平台规划

介绍了无线感测网络(WSN)技术搭建智能型运输系统平台的优势和特征,详细描述了WSN实验平台的硬件特征,操作系统,实现语言以及主要功能模块的原理和逻辑关系,并采用实地试验的方法,在该平台上对多项应用如行车信息采集、信息处理、路况播报、电子收费等进行初步的试验研究,并根据高速公路上的不同行车速度,实现了对高速公路车辆实时速度的监控,也对后续应用系统研究的开展有一定借鉴作用。

Key Environmental Factors Monitoring System of Low-power Greenhouse Based on WSN Technology

A low-power environmental monitoring system based on WSN technology is proposed to effectively monitor the environmental status and ensure the healthy growth of greenhouse crops in the greenhouse. The system performs dynamic mon- itoring on the environmental data of temperature, humidity, illumination, soil tempera- ture and humidity of the greenhouse, and it reduces the energy consumption by us- ing solar energy and lithium battery as the power supply mode and dynamic power management algorithm combined with improved routing protocol. Stable and reliable, the system could effectively monitor the key environmental factors in the green- house, making it of certain promotion value.

Real-time Threshold Routing Algorithm Based on Wireless Sensor Network

[Objective] This study was to design an intelligent greenhouse real-time monitoring system based on the core technology of Internet of Things in order to meet the needs of agricultural informatization and intellectualization. [Method] Based on the application characteristics of Wireless Sensor Network （WSN）, the intelligent greenhouse monitoring system was designed. And for the incompleteness strategy of load balancing in the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy （LEACH）, a Real- time Threshold Routing Algorithm （RTRA） was proposed. [Result] The performance of network lifetime and network delay of RTRA were tested in MATLAB and found that, within the same testing environment, RTRA can save nodes energy consumption, prolong network lifetime, and had better real-time performance than LEACH. The al- gorithm satisfies the crops＇ requirements on real-time and energy efficiency in the greenhouse system. [Conclusion] For the good performance on real-time, the de- signed intelligent greenhouse real-time monitoring system laid the foundation for the research and development of agricultural informatization and intellectualization.

Adaptive double-threshold energy detection algorithm for cognitive radio

Due to the fact that the conventional spectrum sensing algorithm is susceptible to noise, an adaptive double-threshold energy detection algorithm for a cognitive radio is proposed. Based on double-threshold energy detection, the algorithm can adaptively switch between one-round sensing and two-round sensing by comparing the observations with the pre-fixed thresholds. Mathematical expressions for the probability of detection, the probability of false alarm, and the sensing time are derived. The relationships including signal to noise ratio （SNR） vs. the probability of detection and SNR vs. the sensing time are plotted using Monte Carlo simulation and the algorithm is verified in a real cognitive system based on GNU Radio and universal software radio peripheral （USRP）. Simulation and experimental results show that, compared with the existing spectrum sensing method, the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher probability of detection within a reasonable sensing time.

Coordinate-free k-coverage hole detection algorithm in wireless sensor networks

For wireless sensor networks, a simple and accurate coordinate-free k-coverage hole detection scheme is proposed. First, an algorithm is presented to detect boundary cycles of 1-coverage holes. The algorithm consists of two components, named boundary edge detection and boundary cycle detection. Then, the 1-coverage hole detection algorithm is extended to k-coverage hole scenarios. A coverage degree reduction scheme is proposed to find an independent covering set of nodes in the covered region of the target field and to reduce the coverage degree by one through sleeping those nodes. Repeat the 1-coverage hole detection algorithm and the higher order of coverage holes can be found. By iterating the above steps for k-1 times, the boundary edges and boundary cycles of all k-coverage holes can be discovered. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with a location-based coverage hole detection algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect over 99% coverage holes.

Optimal decision threshold for soft decision cooperative spectrum sensing

In order to achieve higher spectrum efficiency in cognitive radio （CR） systems, a closed-form expression of the optimal decision threshold for soft decision cooperative spectrum sensing based on the minimum total error probability criterion is derived. With the analytical expression of the optimal decision threshold, the impact of different sensing parameters on the threshold value is studied. Theoretical analyses show that the optimal threshold achieves an efficient trade-off between the missed detection probability and the false alarm probability. Simulation results illustrate that the average signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and the soft combination schemes have a great influence on the optimal threshold value, whereas the number of samples has a weak impact on the optimal threshold value. Furthermore, for the maximal ratio combing （MRC） and the modified deflection coefficient （MDC） schemes, the optimal decision threshold value increases and approaches a corresponding individual limit value while the number of CR users increases. But the number of CR users has a weak influence on the optimal decision threshold for the equal gain combining （EGC） scheme.

Coal mine gas monitoring system based on wireless sensor network

Based on the nowadays＇ condition, it is urgent that the gas detection cable communication system must be replaced by the wireless communication systems. The wireless sensors distributed in the environment can achieve the intelligent gas monitoring system. Apply with multilayer data fuse to design working tactics, and import the artificial neural networks to analyze detecting result. The wireless sensors system communicates with the control center through the optical fiber cable. All the gas sensor nodes distributed in coal mine are combined into an intelligent, flexible structure wireless network system, forming coal mine gas monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.

A multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor network for mine security monitoring

Underground mining is a hazardous industrial activity. In order to provide a safe working environment for miners, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has been used for security monitoring. It can provide a wide range of surveillance with a relatively low cost. In this study, an Energy-Based Multipath Routing (EBMR) protocol is proposed, which considers residual energy capacity and link quality in choosing hops and routing paths. Hops and paths with a high residual energy capacity and link quality will have the best chance to be selected to transmit data packages. Since the EBMR stores several routes in the routing table, when the current path fails, another path will be chosen to fulfill the task immediately. In this way, EBMR improves reliability and decrease time latency. Compared to AOMDV and REAR, EBMR decreases time latency by 51% and 12%.

Determination of Threshold for Energy Detection in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

The Internet of Things （loT） is called the world＇ s third wave of the information industry. As the core technology of IoT, Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks （CRSN） technology can improve spectrum utilization efficiency and lay a sofid foundation for large-scale application of IoT. Reliable spectrum sensing is a crucial task of the CR. For energy de- tection, threshold will determine the probability of detection （Pd） and the probability of false alarm Pf at the same time. While the threshold increases, Pd and Pf will both decrease. In this paper we focus on the maximum of the difference of Pd and Pf, and try to find out how to determine the threshold with this precondition. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively approach the ideal optimal result.

Advanced Irrigation Engineering： Precision and Precise

Irrigation advances in precision irrigation （PI） or site specific irrigation （SSI） have been considerable in research; however, commercialization lags. SSI/PI has applications when soil texture variability affects soil water holding capacity or when crop yield or biotic stresses （insects or diseases） are spatially variable. SSI/PI uses variable rate application technologies, mainly with center-pivots or lateral-move or linear irrigation machines, to match crop needs or soil water holding constraints. Variable rate applications are achieved by variable nozzle flow rates, pulsing nozzle flows, or multiple nozzles on separate submains. Newer center pivot and linear machines are controlled by on-board microprocessor systems that can be integrated with supervisory control and data acquisition controllers for both communication and control of the variable rate application for specific sets of nozzles or individual nozzles for management zones. Communication for center pivot or linear controllers typically uses radio telemetry, wireless interact links, or cellular telephones. Precision irrigation has limited utility without precise irrigation scheduling （temporally and spatially）. Plant or soil sensors are used to initiate or complete an irrigation event. Automated weather stations provide site information for determining the irrigation requirement using crop models or simpler reference evapotranspiration （ET）, data to be used with crop coefficients. Remote sensing is being used to measure crop water status or crop development from spectral reflectance. Near-surface remote sensing with sensors mounted on moving irrigation systems provide critical spatial integration from point weather networks and feedback on crop ET and irrigation controls in advanced automated systems for SSI/PI.

Efficient Algorithm for K-Barrier Coverage Based on Integer Linear Programming

Barrier coverage of wireless sensor networks is an important issue in the detection of intruders who are attempting to cross a region of interest.However,in certain applications,barrier coverage cannot be satisfied after random deployment.In this paper,we study how mobile sensors can be efficiently relocated to achieve k-barrier coverage.In particular,two problems are studied:relocation of sensors with minimum number of mobile sensors and formation of k-barrier coverage with minimum energy cost.These two problems were formulated as 0–1 integer linear programming(ILP).The formulation is computationally intractable because of integrality and complicated constraints.Therefore,we relax the integrality and complicated constraints of the formulation and construct a special model known as RELAX-RSMN with a totally unimodular constraint coefficient matrix to solve the relaxed 0–1 ILP rapidly through linear programming.Theoretical analysis and simulation were performed to verify the effectiveness of our approach.

Landslide Monitoring Using Low Cost GNSS Equipment - Experiences from Two Alpine Testing Sites

Simple GNSS navigation receivers, developed for the mass market, can be used for positioning with sub centimeter accuracy in a wireless sensor network if the read-out of the carrier phase data is possible and all data is permanently broadcast to a central computer for near real time processing of the respective base lines. Experiences gained in two research projects related to landslide monitoring are depicted in terms of quality and reliability of the results by the developed approach. As far as possible a modular system set up with commercial off-the-shelf components, e.g., standard WLAN fur commtmication, solar batteries with solar panels for autarkic power supply and in cooperation of existing proofed program tools is chosen. The challenge of the still ongoing development is to have a flexible and robust GNSS based sensor network available - concerned not only for landslide monitoring in future.

Behavior analysis of malicious sensor nodes based on optimal response dynamics

Wireless sensor networks are extremely vulnerable to various security threats.The intrusion detection method based on game theory can effectively balance the detection rate and energy consumption of the system.The accurate analysis of the attack behavior of malicious sensor nodes can help to configure intrusion detection system,reduce unnecessary system consumption and improve detection efficiency.However,the completely rational assumption of the traditional game model will cause the established model to be inconsistent with the actual attack and defense scenario.In order to formulate a reasonable and effective intrusion detection strategy,we introduce evolutionary game theory to establish an attack evolution game model based on optimal response dynamics,and then analyze the attack behavior of malicious sensor nodes.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the evolution trend of attacks is closely related to the number of malicious sensors in the network and the initial state of the strategy,and the attacker can set the initial strategy so that all malicious sensor nodes will eventually launch attacks.Our work is of great significance to guide the development of defense strategies for intrusion detection systems.