[Objective] In order to better meet the requirement of crops on a more and more accurate water content under various planting environment of modern agri-culture, an automatic test system of soil water characteristic c...[Objective] In order to better meet the requirement of crops on a more and more accurate water content under various planting environment of modern agri-culture, an automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve was designed by combining the conceptions of soil moisture content and soil water potential. [Method] Electronic soil moisture tension meter was used to determine the real-time tension value of soil moisture in the tested container, and the electronic Weigh sensor was used to determine soil Weigh. Minusing method was used to calculate soil moisture content, based on which the soil water characteristic curve was plotted. [Result] Through the filed survey of 2 different kinds of soil in Jiangsu Province, the results were as fol ows： soil of different composition showed different trend in soil water characteristic curve that the soil water characteristic relation of the sandy soil in the old course of the Yel ow River in Xuzhou was Y=-0.000 2X3＋0.027 7X2-1.644 5X＋38.161, R2=0.991 9; while the soil water characteristic relation of the saline-alkali soil in Jinhai Farm of Dafeng was Y=-0.00 2X2-0.426X＋39.905, R2=0.991 3. [Con-clusion] The automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve soil water char-acteristics curve could reflect soil moisture content and soil water potential, as wel as reflect the effectiveness of soil water to plant growth, providing basis for the sci-entific irrigation.展开更多
This paper proposes a new channel access algorithm based on channel occupancy time （COT） fairness to guarantee fairness and improve the aggregate throughput of 802.11b multi-rate WLANs. In the algorithm, the COT is ...This paper proposes a new channel access algorithm based on channel occupancy time （COT） fairness to guarantee fairness and improve the aggregate throughput of 802.11b multi-rate WLANs. In the algorithm, the COT is used as fairness index to analyze the fairness of WLANs instead of the channel access probability （CAP） used in the distributed coordination function （DCF）. The standard COT is given by access point （AP） and broadcasted to all wireless stations. The AP and wireless stations in the WLAN can achieve COT-based fairness by adjusting their packet length, sending the multiple back-to-back packets at one time, or giving up an opportunity to access the channel. Analysis and simulations show that our algorithm can provide COT-fairness. Compared with the CAP-based algorithm, the proposed algorithm leads to improvements in aggregate throughput of IEEE 802. lib multi-rate WLANs.展开更多
A support vector machine with guadratic polynomial kernel function based nonlinear model multi-step-ahead optimizing predictive controller was presented. A support vector machine based predictive model was established...A support vector machine with guadratic polynomial kernel function based nonlinear model multi-step-ahead optimizing predictive controller was presented. A support vector machine based predictive model was established by black-box identification. And a quadratic objective function with receding horizon was selected to obtain the controller output. By solving a nonlinear optimization problem with equality constraint of model output and boundary constraint of controller output using Nelder-Mead simplex direct search method, a sub-optimal control law was achieved in feature space. The effect of the controller was demonstrated on a recognized benchmark problem and a continuous-stirred tank reactor. The simulation results show that the multi-step-ahead predictive controller can be well applied to nonlinear system, with better performance in following reference trajectory and disturbance-rejection.展开更多
In this paper, we propose the decode-and-forward(DF) based bidirectional wireless information and power transfer(BWIPT) in two-hop relay systems, where the bidirectional relay can decode and forward information from t...In this paper, we propose the decode-and-forward(DF) based bidirectional wireless information and power transfer(BWIPT) in two-hop relay systems, where the bidirectional relay can decode and forward information from the user to the access point(AP), and assist the wireless power transfer from the AP to the user. To maximize the information rate from the user to the AP, we derive the closed form expression of the optimal power splitting(PS) factor, and the time allocation scheme to obtain the optimal time switching(TS) factor. Simulation results show that for both PS and TS protocols, the proposed DF based bidirectional relay systems can improve the information rate as compared with the amplify-and-forward(AF) based bidirectional relay systems.展开更多
This article inquires into how the maintenance of the residual practice of inspired preaching broadcast over the radio by Southern Appalachian Pentecostals, offers an accepted means by which women gain the power to ar...This article inquires into how the maintenance of the residual practice of inspired preaching broadcast over the radio by Southern Appalachian Pentecostals, offers an accepted means by which women gain the power to articulate the conflicts, desires and contradictions of their culture. The democratic ethos of Pentecostalism declares that all people who feel the call to preach must be given that opportunity which opens a space of women＇s voices within the traditionally male ＂preacher culture.＂ Because radio lacks the visual component, and inspired preaching is deemed valid by its effect of the body, women may preach over the radio without the potential for sexual display that could arouse men visually. By examining the content and delivery of women＇s sermons using studies in melodrama, the article explores the nature and articulation of dramatic conflicts, points of difference, and especially issues of the body as lived by the women of southern Appalachia. Thereby, the article locates sites of resistance and conflicts with power both within and without the region. Using Gramcian notions of hegemony, negotiation and consent, it explores how a particular culture successfully elaborates itself through language and how Appalachian women critique their culture without risk of dramatic change.展开更多
As power system interconnections become more prevalent, there has been an increase in use of thyristor controlled shunt connected compensation devices for dynamic power compensation and enhancement of real power trans...As power system interconnections become more prevalent, there has been an increase in use of thyristor controlled shunt connected compensation devices for dynamic power compensation and enhancement of real power transmission capacity. In this paper, an enhancement technique of real power transfer capacity of transmission lines is presented. A SVC （static var compensator） is designed and applied to a simple power system for this purpose. Increase in power flow and improvement in bus voltage profile are observed after using the SVC. Stability analysis of the system after experiencing fault as well as consequent fault clearance by time domain analysis has also beeu performed and satisfactory results are obtained.展开更多
A Cognitive radio communication link is possible to be interrupted easily when its physical channel suffers severe fading. Relay technology is an effective way to mitigate the fading effect of wireless channels in a n...A Cognitive radio communication link is possible to be interrupted easily when its physical channel suffers severe fading. Relay technology is an effective way to mitigate the fading effect of wireless channels in a network. Based on the highest achievable rate of the relay channels, this paper considers a cognitive radio relay network where the secondary transmitter communicates with the receiver through the best relay node under the peak power constraint of a primary receiver. Intuitively, the secondary transmission can benefit from an intermediate relay node chosen from N possible nodes. To quantify this benefit, outage probability of cognitive radio relay networks is derived and also the closed-form expressions for outage capacity and ergodic capacity of cognitive radio relay networks are obtained in Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical simulation results are provided to show that the outage capacity and ergodic capacity benefit tremendously by properly increasing the number of relaying nodes.展开更多
This paper addresses the problem of joint optimization of subchannel selection and spectrum sensing time for multiband cognitive radio networks under the sensing capability constrains. In particular, we construct a mu...This paper addresses the problem of joint optimization of subchannel selection and spectrum sensing time for multiband cognitive radio networks under the sensing capability constrains. In particular, we construct a multiband spectrum sensing framework, and derive the probabilities of detection and false alarm taking the different subchannel gain into account. Furthermore, we formulate the multi- band sensing as a two-parameter optimization prob- lem under the sensing capability constrains and guaranteeing the QoS of the secondary user. Moreover, we develop a semi-analytical optimization scheme to achieve the optimal solution.展开更多
Power line inspection is an essential procedure in the power lines maintenance area, especially thinking about service availability and energy efficiency. Aerial inspection of electric power transmission lines is typi...Power line inspection is an essential procedure in the power lines maintenance area, especially thinking about service availability and energy efficiency. Aerial inspection of electric power transmission lines is typically performed using human-piloted helicopters, which is a procedure that is both expensive and prone to accidents taking risks to human beings＇ lives. The work presents a solution based on UAS （unmanned aircraft system） for inspecting power lines. In this context a R ＆ D project of an unmanned aircraft system to be used for performing complete aerial inspection of overhead power lines is being executed by ITA （Instituto Tecnol6gico de Aeron^utica） （Technological Institute of Aeronautics） in Brazil. Special attention is dedicated to the communication system conception in order to comply with Remotely Piloted Aircraft System definition in the context of long endurance operations of the system. It presents a solution based on LTA （lighter than air） platform in order to extend the communication range beyond line of sight.展开更多
Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are new transient radio sources discovered recently.Because of the angular resolution restriction in radio surveys,no optical counter part has been identified yet so it is hard to determine the ...Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are new transient radio sources discovered recently.Because of the angular resolution restriction in radio surveys,no optical counter part has been identified yet so it is hard to determine the progenitor of FRBs.In this paper we propose to use radio lensing survey to constrain FRB progenitors.We show that,different types of progenitors lead to different probabilities for a FRB to be gravitationally lensed by dark matter halos in foreground galaxies,since different type progenitors result in different redshift distributions of FRBs.For example,the redshift distribution of FRBs arising from double stars shifts toward lower redshift than of the FRBs arising from single stars,because double stars and single stars have different evolution timescales.With detailed calculations,we predict that the FRB sample size for producing one lensing event varies significantly for different FRB progenitor models.We argue that this fact can be used to distinguish different FRB models and also discuss the practical possibility of using lensing observation in radio surveys to constrain FRB progenitors.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province(CX(13)3031)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to better meet the requirement of crops on a more and more accurate water content under various planting environment of modern agri-culture, an automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve was designed by combining the conceptions of soil moisture content and soil water potential. [Method] Electronic soil moisture tension meter was used to determine the real-time tension value of soil moisture in the tested container, and the electronic Weigh sensor was used to determine soil Weigh. Minusing method was used to calculate soil moisture content, based on which the soil water characteristic curve was plotted. [Result] Through the filed survey of 2 different kinds of soil in Jiangsu Province, the results were as fol ows： soil of different composition showed different trend in soil water characteristic curve that the soil water characteristic relation of the sandy soil in the old course of the Yel ow River in Xuzhou was Y=-0.000 2X3＋0.027 7X2-1.644 5X＋38.161, R2=0.991 9; while the soil water characteristic relation of the saline-alkali soil in Jinhai Farm of Dafeng was Y=-0.00 2X2-0.426X＋39.905, R2=0.991 3. [Con-clusion] The automatic test system of soil water characteristic curve soil water char-acteristics curve could reflect soil moisture content and soil water potential, as wel as reflect the effectiveness of soil water to plant growth, providing basis for the sci-entific irrigation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60472078 and No.90604013) .
文摘This paper proposes a new channel access algorithm based on channel occupancy time （COT） fairness to guarantee fairness and improve the aggregate throughput of 802.11b multi-rate WLANs. In the algorithm, the COT is used as fairness index to analyze the fairness of WLANs instead of the channel access probability （CAP） used in the distributed coordination function （DCF）. The standard COT is given by access point （AP） and broadcasted to all wireless stations. The AP and wireless stations in the WLAN can achieve COT-based fairness by adjusting their packet length, sending the multiple back-to-back packets at one time, or giving up an opportunity to access the channel. Analysis and simulations show that our algorithm can provide COT-fairness. Compared with the CAP-based algorithm, the proposed algorithm leads to improvements in aggregate throughput of IEEE 802. lib multi-rate WLANs.
文摘A support vector machine with guadratic polynomial kernel function based nonlinear model multi-step-ahead optimizing predictive controller was presented. A support vector machine based predictive model was established by black-box identification. And a quadratic objective function with receding horizon was selected to obtain the controller output. By solving a nonlinear optimization problem with equality constraint of model output and boundary constraint of controller output using Nelder-Mead simplex direct search method, a sub-optimal control law was achieved in feature space. The effect of the controller was demonstrated on a recognized benchmark problem and a continuous-stirred tank reactor. The simulation results show that the multi-step-ahead predictive controller can be well applied to nonlinear system, with better performance in following reference trajectory and disturbance-rejection.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61401330,No.61371127)
文摘In this paper, we propose the decode-and-forward(DF) based bidirectional wireless information and power transfer(BWIPT) in two-hop relay systems, where the bidirectional relay can decode and forward information from the user to the access point(AP), and assist the wireless power transfer from the AP to the user. To maximize the information rate from the user to the AP, we derive the closed form expression of the optimal power splitting(PS) factor, and the time allocation scheme to obtain the optimal time switching(TS) factor. Simulation results show that for both PS and TS protocols, the proposed DF based bidirectional relay systems can improve the information rate as compared with the amplify-and-forward(AF) based bidirectional relay systems.
文摘This article inquires into how the maintenance of the residual practice of inspired preaching broadcast over the radio by Southern Appalachian Pentecostals, offers an accepted means by which women gain the power to articulate the conflicts, desires and contradictions of their culture. The democratic ethos of Pentecostalism declares that all people who feel the call to preach must be given that opportunity which opens a space of women＇s voices within the traditionally male ＂preacher culture.＂ Because radio lacks the visual component, and inspired preaching is deemed valid by its effect of the body, women may preach over the radio without the potential for sexual display that could arouse men visually. By examining the content and delivery of women＇s sermons using studies in melodrama, the article explores the nature and articulation of dramatic conflicts, points of difference, and especially issues of the body as lived by the women of southern Appalachia. Thereby, the article locates sites of resistance and conflicts with power both within and without the region. Using Gramcian notions of hegemony, negotiation and consent, it explores how a particular culture successfully elaborates itself through language and how Appalachian women critique their culture without risk of dramatic change.
文摘As power system interconnections become more prevalent, there has been an increase in use of thyristor controlled shunt connected compensation devices for dynamic power compensation and enhancement of real power transmission capacity. In this paper, an enhancement technique of real power transfer capacity of transmission lines is presented. A SVC （static var compensator） is designed and applied to a simple power system for this purpose. Increase in power flow and improvement in bus voltage profile are observed after using the SVC. Stability analysis of the system after experiencing fault as well as consequent fault clearance by time domain analysis has also beeu performed and satisfactory results are obtained.
文摘A Cognitive radio communication link is possible to be interrupted easily when its physical channel suffers severe fading. Relay technology is an effective way to mitigate the fading effect of wireless channels in a network. Based on the highest achievable rate of the relay channels, this paper considers a cognitive radio relay network where the secondary transmitter communicates with the receiver through the best relay node under the peak power constraint of a primary receiver. Intuitively, the secondary transmission can benefit from an intermediate relay node chosen from N possible nodes. To quantify this benefit, outage probability of cognitive radio relay networks is derived and also the closed-form expressions for outage capacity and ergodic capacity of cognitive radio relay networks are obtained in Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical simulation results are provided to show that the outage capacity and ergodic capacity benefit tremendously by properly increasing the number of relaying nodes.
文摘This paper addresses the problem of joint optimization of subchannel selection and spectrum sensing time for multiband cognitive radio networks under the sensing capability constrains. In particular, we construct a multiband spectrum sensing framework, and derive the probabilities of detection and false alarm taking the different subchannel gain into account. Furthermore, we formulate the multi- band sensing as a two-parameter optimization prob- lem under the sensing capability constrains and guaranteeing the QoS of the secondary user. Moreover, we develop a semi-analytical optimization scheme to achieve the optimal solution.
文摘Power line inspection is an essential procedure in the power lines maintenance area, especially thinking about service availability and energy efficiency. Aerial inspection of electric power transmission lines is typically performed using human-piloted helicopters, which is a procedure that is both expensive and prone to accidents taking risks to human beings＇ lives. The work presents a solution based on UAS （unmanned aircraft system） for inspecting power lines. In this context a R ＆ D project of an unmanned aircraft system to be used for performing complete aerial inspection of overhead power lines is being executed by ITA （Instituto Tecnol6gico de Aeron^utica） （Technological Institute of Aeronautics） in Brazil. Special attention is dedicated to the communication system conception in order to comply with Remotely Piloted Aircraft System definition in the context of long endurance operations of the system. It presents a solution based on LTA （lighter than air） platform in order to extend the communication range beyond line of sight.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB845800)\the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11373012)
文摘Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are new transient radio sources discovered recently.Because of the angular resolution restriction in radio surveys,no optical counter part has been identified yet so it is hard to determine the progenitor of FRBs.In this paper we propose to use radio lensing survey to constrain FRB progenitors.We show that,different types of progenitors lead to different probabilities for a FRB to be gravitationally lensed by dark matter halos in foreground galaxies,since different type progenitors result in different redshift distributions of FRBs.For example,the redshift distribution of FRBs arising from double stars shifts toward lower redshift than of the FRBs arising from single stars,because double stars and single stars have different evolution timescales.With detailed calculations,we predict that the FRB sample size for producing one lensing event varies significantly for different FRB progenitor models.We argue that this fact can be used to distinguish different FRB models and also discuss the practical possibility of using lensing observation in radio surveys to constrain FRB progenitors.
