基于贝叶斯网络的无结构化P2P资源搜索方法

资源搜索是P2P网络基本功能及核心问题,关系到P2P网络可用性及扩展能力.尽管已提出许多无结构化P2P搜索方法,但复杂组织方式、较高搜索代价及过多维护影响其可用性.提出一个全分布无结构化P2P网络搜索方法BNS.该方法从节点自身兴趣特性出发,利用节点上资源之间语义相关,应用贝叶斯网络建立推理模型,根据相关资源历史信息进行推理,采用概率方法,将搜索导向与目标相关的节点,提高搜索性能.实验表明,该方法能够有效地提高搜索性能,消耗较少带宽且维护简单,对P2P动态变化特性具有良好适应能力.

无结构化P2P网络资源搜索机制研究综述

随着Napster,Gnutella等文件共享应用的成功,对等网络(P2P)得到了快速发展,高效的资源搜索成为P2P应用中的首要问题,现已提出了许多搜索方法。主要研究无结构化P2P网络中的资源搜索机制。在分析现有搜索方法特点的基础上,对它们进行分类,然后深入分析各类搜索方法中的关键技术,并从搜索成功率、产生消息量、对网络动态变化的适应性和网络维护的复杂程度等方面进行比较,最后进行总结。

基于语义对象模型的无结构化数据集成的研究

数据集成是为了屏蔽数据的异构性,以一种统一的接口访问数据源中的数据。由于无结构化数据没有外在的模式定义,因此基于模式的集成不能适用于流媒体、图形、图像等无结构化数据的集成。该文借鉴面向对象建模方法的思想,提出了语义对象模型的概念,并基于该模型描述了一个集成应用系统的体系结构。

银行信贷资产风险中的无结构化决策

该文把属性层次模型AHM (一种新的无结构决策方法 )应用于银行信贷资产风险中。针对评判企业信贷资产风险的几种不同因素给出属性测度 ,并在此基础上建立属性层次模型进行决策。结果表明 ,该决策方法模型简单 ,使用方便 ,易于推广。

无结构化P2P网络的路由算法

针对无结构化P2P网络的洪泛搜索与随机漫步机制的盲目性,提出了一种利用Hash函数与M-tree技术将文件聚类后,再利用路由表完全分布式存储索引指针的新的路由算法。该算法使每个节点的路由表主要记录拥有各类资源的高能力节点指针,并利用概率统计的方法不断地更新路由表项。当节点收到搜索以后,通过查询路由表,只需一跳就进入能以最大概率回应的节点处查找,并能以较低的网络时延命中多个优质资源副本,达到了高速并行下载的目的。仿真试验和数学分析表明该算法有效地减少了盲目搜索造成的网络流量,提高了查找成功率,并且具有越稀缺的资源越容易找到的特性。

面向无结构化P2P系统的一种高效数据定位方法

分布式无结构化对等(P2P)系统在互联网上得到大量应用,但这类系统中数据定位的性能较差.本文提出了无结构化对等系统的一种高效数据定位方法--内容感知的数据定位方法.在该方法中,各结点加入时优先选择相似度高的结点作为拓扑邻居,各结点维护一个动态信息表,保存了附近邻居上数据内容的指示信息,可在数据定位时指导定位消息的转发.实验结果表明,与传统数据定位方法相比,内容感知的数据定位方法能够在保持较低定位延迟的同时,显著降低对等系统的定位消息开销,有效改善无结构化对等系统的性能.

一种半结构化的P2P视频流媒体直播模型

提出了一种基于半结构化P2P拓扑的流媒体直播模型,该模型兼有中心结构化拓扑与分布式无结构化拓扑的优点,可以快速进行流媒体的分发。提高了流媒体直播的网络利用效率并减少了部署成本。

IPSBSAR:一种基于熟人关系的增量式P2P搜索算法

P2P网络中参加资源共享的节点日益增多且呈海量趋势.如何在海量用户、海量资源的情况下,对所有满足查询语义的资源进行穷尽式搜索是一个颇具挑战性的问题.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于熟人关系的增量式P2P搜索算法IPSBSAR.算法基于人类社会的熟人关系,将人类社会关系中个体间交流与合作机制引入到P2P网络中,不但实现了P2P网络的增量式搜索,而且可以避免由非法拷贝而引起的版权问题.实验表明,IPSBSAR算法能够以较低的代价和较低的路由延迟,获得较高的增量式查询命中率;对同一语义进行穷尽式搜索时,能够搜索出满足查询语义的绝大多数资源,具有较高的效率.

使用搜索结果缓存的混合搜索算法

针对无结构化对等网络中资源搜索效率低、网络带宽消耗高的问题,结合动态搜索算法和缓存技术提出一种使用搜索结果缓存的混合搜索算法(HSUC)。该算法按照动态搜索算法进行资源搜索,如果搜索成功,返回资源地址信息,反之,返回搜索失败信息,节点将返回的搜索结果写入缓存作为参考,当其它节点发起相同主题的搜索时,参考该信息进行,不再搜遍整个网络。仿真实验结果表明,该算法改进了资源搜索的盲目性,降低了带宽消耗,提高了搜索成功率。

一种新的浅水方程黏性项计算格式的研究与应用

用浅水方程模拟某些紊流特性很强的流动时,紊动黏性项对数值解的稳定性和合理性至关重要。为提高浅水方程中黏性项的计算精度,首先对前人提出的两种计算格式进行精度分析,在此基础上提出了一种具有更高精度的计算格式。这种方法从有限体积法的特点出发,用单元形心的流速直接计算流速梯度,比使用奥高公式具有更高的精度。通过3个典型算例的比较,验证了该方法具有更好的数值稳定性,同时也证明了此格式能比较合理地反映平均水深流动问题中的一些紊流现象,在工程上具有较好的应用价值。

Embryogenesis of Polyembryonic Rice ApⅢ: Structural and Histochemical Studies of Egg Apparatus Around Fertilization

The structural and histochemical changes of the egg apparatus in the polyembryonic rice ( Oryza sativa L.), ApⅢ with the highest frequence of additional embryos among the polyembryonic rice investigated, before and after fertilization were studied and compared with those of normal and other polyembryonic rices in a similar developmental period. A total of 2 932 ovules were observed and each of them contained only a single embryo sac with a set of egg apparatus. Among 1 655 embryo sacs, there were 1 643 embryo sacs (99.27%) with one normal egg apparatus in each embryo sac, and only 12 embryo sacs (0.73%) from the remainder with 4_celled egg apparatus, i.e. two eggs and two synergids. Neither the numerous poly_egg apparatus and egg_like cells, nor the double set of embryo sacs each containing one egg apparatus and other abnormal egg apparatus in single ovary, which were reported by earlier investigators to have high frequency of embryo production in SB_1 and ApⅣ, were observed. The egg cell was located at the subterminal site of the micropylar end of embryo sac. The cytoplasm of egg cell was rich in protein materials and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. The prominent nucleus was closely surrounded by protein and polysaccharide grains, which did not disappear until the division of zygote. No cytological difference was found between egg cells from the normal and abnormal egg apparatus. The two synergids were fully developed and situated at the upper most part of the micropylar end of the mature embryo sac. In most embryo sacs, the synergids were flask_shaped with longer necks, and a widened cap_shaped top, in close contact with the micropyle. The synergids had a well developed filiform apparatus. The characteristic appearance of the filiform apparatus as well as the cap_neck region of synergids before and after pollen tube penetration were easily distinguishable from the egg cell. The structure, the stainability with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and PAS reaction, the process of accumulation, distribution and disapperance of the cytoplasmic protein materials and polysaccharide grains of the two synergids, the persistent and rarely the receptive synergids before and after pollen tube penetration, were closely similar to those of egg cell of the same developmental stage. In comparison with normal and other polyembryonic rice reported, the size of nucleus and nucleolus and their stainability also strongly resembled those of egg cell. Based on the results observed, the main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) the additional embryos very frequently developed in the young and mature seed of polyembryonic rice ApⅢ were produced by one or two synergids of normal egg apparatus, rarely by 4_celled egg apparatus; (2) during fertilization, the synergids, in addition to the natural specific function of introducing pollen tube and transferring sperms to egg cell and central cell, could be closely associated with the potentiality to breed one or two additional embryos; and (3) as compared with that of normal or other polyembryonic rice it is firstly disclosed that in a few embryo sacs of ApⅢ, the cytoplasmic and nuclear structure, the active anabolism and catabolism of protein and polysaccharide materials and the delayed disorganization at the mid_basal region of the receptive and persistent synergid still remained unchanged before the division of zygote. Such salient features could be the predisposition for the origin of additional embryos in ApⅢ.

Lossless Mapping from Semi-Structured Data to Structured Data

Most semi-structured data are of certain structure regularity. Having beenstored as structured data in relational database (RDB), they can be effectively managed by databasemanagement system (DBMS). Some semi-structured data are difficult to transform due to theirirregular structures. We design an efficient algorithm and data structure for ensuring losslesstransformation. We bring forward an approach of schema extraction through data mining, in whichdifferent kinds of elements are transformed respectively and lossless mapping from semi-structureddata to structured data can be achieved.

Preparation of tricalcium silicate and investigation of hydrated cement

Tricalcium silicate cement(TSC)has been widely used in dental materials because of its self-setting behavior,good bioactivity,biocompatibility,osteoinductivity,and antibacterial effect.Tricalcium silicate(C3S)powder was prepared by Pechini technique with a calcining temperature of 1300℃ for 3 h.The influence of liquid/powder(L/P)rate on the setting time and the mechanical property of TSC was studied.Characterization methods including XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS,TEM,and ICP-AES were utilized to study the properties of C3S powder and its hydrated cement.The bioactivity and biocompatibility of the cement were investigated by soaking test and cell culture,respectively.The results show that the L/P rate plays an important role in the setting time and the compressive strength of TSC.The surface of TSC was covered by hydroxyapatite deposition during the immersion experiment and the cells attachment on the surface of TSC was well,which indicated that TSC has good bioactivity and biocompatibility.In addition,TSC has excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus.In conclusion,TSC is a promising candidate for root canal filling materials.

Optimized Multicast Routing Algorithm Based on Tree Structure in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc Networks(MANETs) play an important role in emergency communications where network needs to be constructed temporarily and quickly.Since the nodes move randomly,routing protocols must be highly effective and reliable to guarantee successful packet delivery.Based on the data delivery structure,most of the existing multicast routing protocols can be classified into two folders:tree-based and mesh-based.We observe that tree-based ones have high forwarding efficiency and low consumptions of bandwidth,and they may have poor robustness because only one link exists between two nodes.As a treebased multicast routing protocol,MAODV(Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Vector) shows an excellent performance in lightweight ad hoc networks.As the load of network increases,QoS(Quality of Service) is degraded obviously.In this paper,we analyze the impact of network load on MAODV protocol,and propose an optimized protocol MAODV-BB(Multicast Ad hoc On-demand Vector with Backup Branches),which improves robustness of the MAODV protocol by combining advantages of the tree structure and the mesh structure.It not only can update shorter tree branches but also construct a multicast tree with backup branches.Mathematical analysis and simulation results both demonstrate that the MAODV-BB protocol improves the network performance over conventional MAODV in heavy load ad hoc networks.

Template-free hydrothermal synthesis and gas-sensitivity of hollow-structured Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres

Hollow-structured Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres have been synthesized by a simple one-pot template-free hydrothermal method with copper sulfate,cobalt acetate and ammonia as raw materials.The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive X-ray analysis,selected area electron diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and BET measurements.The research results show that the hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres consist of single-crystalline nanocubes with the diameter of about 20 nm.The formation mechanism of hollow Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres is suggested as Ostwald ripening in a solid-solution-solid process,and Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) microspheres are mesoporous containing two pore sizes of 3.3 and 5.9 nm.The as-prepared Cu_(0.3)Co_(2.7)O_(4) sensors have optimal gas responses to 50×10^(−6) mg/m^(3) C_(2)H_(5)OH at 190℃.

Compressed SNR-and-Channel Estimation for Beam Tracking in 60-GHz WLAN

Signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and channel estimations are critical for 60-GHz communications to track the optimal trans- mission and reception beam pairs. However, the excessive pilot overhead for the estima- tions severely reduces system throughput in fast-rotation scenarios. In order to address this problem, we firstly demonstrate the potential sparseness property of 60-GHz channel in beam tracking; subsequently, via exploiting this property, we propose a novel compressed SNR-and-channel estimation. The estimation is conducted in a three-stage fashion, includ- ing the unstructured estimation, nonzero-tap detection, and structured estimation with non- zero-tap location. Numerical simulations show that, in the case of substantial reduction of the pilot overhead, the proposed estimator still reveals a significant improvement in terms of estimation performance over the scheme in IEEE 802.1 lad. Furthermore, it is also demon- strated that the proposed SNR and channel estimators can approach the lower bounds in sparse channels so long as SNR exceeds 8 dB.

Effect of B and Fe substitution on structure of AB_3-type Co-free hydrogen storage alloy

A series of hydrogen storage Co-free AB3-type alloys were directly synthesized with vacuum mid-frequency melting method,within which Ni of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy was substituted by Fe,B and(FeB) alloy,respectively.Alloys were characterized by XRD,EDS and SEM to investigate the effects of B and Fe substitution for Ni on material structure.The content of LaMg2Ni9 phase within La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 37.9% and that of La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloys reduces to 23.58%.Among all samples,ground particles with different shapes correspond to different phases.The major substitution occurs in LaMg2Ni9 phase.Electrochemical tests indicate that substituted alloys have different electrochemical performance,which is affected by phase structures of alloy.The discharge capacity of La0.7Mg0.3Ni3 alloy reaches 337.3 mA·h/g,but La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.9(FeB)0.1 alloy gets better high rate discharge(HRD) performance at the discharge rate of 500 mA/g with a high HRD value of 73.19%.

Vibration Suppression Analysis for Supporter with Constrained Layer Damping

By analyzing the correlation between modal calculations and modal experiments of a typical supporter, an effective finite element analysis( FEA)model of the actual aerospace supporter is created. According to the analysis of constrained viscoelastic damping, the strategies of PVC have been worked out, and the correlation between modal calculations and modal experiments of the supporter has also been computed, and then, an experiment has been designed based on the calculation results. The results of experiments verify that the PVC strategy can effectively suppress vibration.

Preparation and characteristics of biosilica derived from marine diatom biomass of Nitzschia closterium and Thalassiosira

In this study, biosilica of high purity was successfully prepared from marine diatom （Nitzschia closterium and Thalassiosira） biomass using an optimized novel method with acid washing treatment followed by thermal treatment of the biomass. The optimal condition of the method was 2% diluted HCl washing and baking at 600℃. The SiO2 contents of N. closterium biosilica and Thalassiosira biosilica were 92.23% and 91.52%, respectively, which were both higher than that of diatomite biosilica. The SiO2 morphologies of both biosilica are typical amorphous silica. Besides, IV. closterium biosilica possessed micropores and fibers with a surface area of 59.81 m^2/g. And Thalassiosira biosilica possessed a mesoporous hierarchical skeleton with a surface area of 9.91 m^2/g. The results suggest that the biosilica samples obtained in this study present highly porous structures. The prepared porous biosilica material possesses great potential to be used as drug delivery carrier, biosensor, biocatalyst as well as adsorbent in the future.