The conventional timing synchronization methods based on time domain correlation have the problems of timing metric plateau in Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) channel and estimation error in multipath fading chann...The conventional timing synchronization methods based on time domain correlation have the problems of timing metric plateau in Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) channel and estimation error in multipath fading channel. To resolve the problems, this paper proposes a novel timing metric using the characteristics of long training symbols in IEEE802.11a and a new timing recovery method based on the new timing metric for Orthogonal Frequency Division MuItiplexing(OFDM)-based WLAN systems. The proposed timing metric is defined as a sum of absolute values of the imaginary parts of all the subcarrier samples. It exhibits a unique characteristic that is very sensitive to the true synchronization point since it has minimum value at the true synchronization point and maximum around the true synchronization point. The simulation results show that the performance of timing synchronization is significantly improved, as a result, the probability of error estimation is lower than 10-4 when Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) is more than 10dB.展开更多
Pressure plate instrument is employed during drying, and unconfined compressive strength test is performed on the unsaturated specimen. Curves of shear force versus shear displacement, and curves of saturation degree ...Pressure plate instrument is employed during drying, and unconfined compressive strength test is performed on the unsaturated specimen. Curves of shear force versus shear displacement, and curves of saturation degree versus time are investigated. The results show that the specimens with similar curves of saturation degree versus time have nearly identical mechanical behavior. In particular, the uniform specimens should be chosen within the lower equilibrium saturation degree because steady test results are presented. Further, the conclusion is verified by the repeated test. Thus, the method for distinguishing the uniform unsaturated specimen is obtained. In the light of the method, an improved test process is proposed. The uniform specimens should be chosen by this method under the specific matric suction, and then shear tests are carried out on the chosen unsaturated specimen. Namely, initial value of unsaturated soil is not zero matric suction but a specific suction.展开更多
A graph is introduced,which allows of a combinatorial interpretation of a discrete-timesemi-infinite Lotka-Volterra (dLV) equation.In particular,Hankel determinants used in a determinantsolution to the dLV equation ar...A graph is introduced,which allows of a combinatorial interpretation of a discrete-timesemi-infinite Lotka-Volterra (dLV) equation.In particular,Hankel determinants used in a determinantsolution to the dLV equation are evaluated,via the Gessel-Viennot method,in terms of non-intersectingsubgraphs.Further,the recurrence of the dLV equation describing its time-evolution is equivalentlyexpressed as a time-evolution of weight of specific subgraphs.展开更多
文摘The conventional timing synchronization methods based on time domain correlation have the problems of timing metric plateau in Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN) channel and estimation error in multipath fading channel. To resolve the problems, this paper proposes a novel timing metric using the characteristics of long training symbols in IEEE802.11a and a new timing recovery method based on the new timing metric for Orthogonal Frequency Division MuItiplexing(OFDM)-based WLAN systems. The proposed timing metric is defined as a sum of absolute values of the imaginary parts of all the subcarrier samples. It exhibits a unique characteristic that is very sensitive to the true synchronization point since it has minimum value at the true synchronization point and maximum around the true synchronization point. The simulation results show that the performance of timing synchronization is significantly improved, as a result, the probability of error estimation is lower than 10-4 when Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) is more than 10dB.
基金Project(51179023) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Pressure plate instrument is employed during drying, and unconfined compressive strength test is performed on the unsaturated specimen. Curves of shear force versus shear displacement, and curves of saturation degree versus time are investigated. The results show that the specimens with similar curves of saturation degree versus time have nearly identical mechanical behavior. In particular, the uniform specimens should be chosen within the lower equilibrium saturation degree because steady test results are presented. Further, the conclusion is verified by the repeated test. Thus, the method for distinguishing the uniform unsaturated specimen is obtained. In the light of the method, an improved test process is proposed. The uniform specimens should be chosen by this method under the specific matric suction, and then shear tests are carried out on the chosen unsaturated specimen. Namely, initial value of unsaturated soil is not zero matric suction but a specific suction.
文摘A graph is introduced,which allows of a combinatorial interpretation of a discrete-timesemi-infinite Lotka-Volterra (dLV) equation.In particular,Hankel determinants used in a determinantsolution to the dLV equation are evaluated,via the Gessel-Viennot method,in terms of non-intersectingsubgraphs.Further,the recurrence of the dLV equation describing its time-evolution is equivalentlyexpressed as a time-evolution of weight of specific subgraphs.
