This study investigates the communicative competence of Chinese students in a British university, and the main purposes of the study are to find out more about Chinese students＇ difficulties in communication and to e...This study investigates the communicative competence of Chinese students in a British university, and the main purposes of the study are to find out more about Chinese students＇ difficulties in communication and to explore learning strategies of developing communicative competence. The research results show that Chinese students had both linguistic and socio-cultural problems in communication. Two case studies are presented of good and less good communicators to show up different patterns of communicative performance and learning strategies. In conclusion, a range of findings support the statement that attitudes, motivation and immersion were important in the development of communicative competence.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the daily administration times of Canhuang tablet(CHT) for treating jaundice in rats based on a pharmacodynamic/ pharmacokinetic model.METHODS: Rats were modeled by 4% 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate(75 m...OBJECTIVE: To study the daily administration times of Canhuang tablet(CHT) for treating jaundice in rats based on a pharmacodynamic/ pharmacokinetic model.METHODS: Rats were modeled by 4% 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate(75 mg/kg, p.o.). After 48 h, CHT was given(p.o.) at 0.75 g/kg once a day, 0.375 g/kg twice a day, and 0.25 g/kg three times a day. Blood was collected from the orbital sinus at different intervals. Levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin were detected using these blood samples. Bile was collected and determined after the first administration of CHT. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of berberine in bile simultaneously. Time-effect and time-dose curves were then obtained.RESULTS: Compared with rats taking CHT twiceand three times a day, the total amount of bile within 10 h of rats taking CHT once a day were 1.32-and 1.47-fold higher, respectively. There was good consistency between the pharmacokinetics of berberine and the pharmacodynamics of the effect on liver enzymes and bilirubin in vivo. The pharmacokinetic analyses showed that rats administered CHT once daily maintained a higher concentration of berberine in bile for a longer period than rats administered CHT two- and three-times daily.CONCLUSION: In jaundiced rats, taking CHT once a day is better than taking CHT twice or three times a day. These data may provide a reference for the clinical application of CHT.展开更多
Objective： To study the clinical effects of acupuncture therapy for acute stroke. Methods： 150 patients suffered from acute stroke were randomly divided into two groups： drug group, acupuncture group. To apply rout...Objective： To study the clinical effects of acupuncture therapy for acute stroke. Methods： 150 patients suffered from acute stroke were randomly divided into two groups： drug group, acupuncture group. To apply routine drug treatment of Neurology for drug group： pisacetam 250mL, Salvia injection 20mL added into normal sodium 250mL for intravenous drip, once a day. For acupuncture group applied ＂calm the liver and suppress yang＂ acupuncture therapy beside drugs. Modified Scandinavian Stroke Scale （ SSS ） and activities of daily living （ADL） scale （Barthel Index） were used for evaluation, as well as biochemistry/hemorheology determination. Results： The scale showed significant difference as compared with the drug group, biochemistry index had non-significant difference, and hemorheological index had partly improved. Conclusion： The scale could synchronously reflect the clinical symptom and changes of patient with stroke.Acupuncture therapy has a significant improvement of acute stroke treatment.展开更多
Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of early acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods： In clinical randomized controlled trial, 90 subjects were divided into drug group and a...Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of early acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods： In clinical randomized controlled trial, 90 subjects were divided into drug group and acupuncture group, 45 cases in each group. The neurological deficit score, Bathel index and some blood laboratory indexes were detected before and after treatment in both groups. Results： In acute stage, there were striking differences in the neurological deficit score and activities of daily living （ADL） between before and after treatments in acupuncture group （P〈0.01）, and between acupuncture group and drug group （P〈0.01）; but there was no difference in blood lipid and rheology between two groups. Conclusion： Acupuncture is rather safe in the early treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and improvement of disability and the patients＇ quality of life.展开更多
Objective：To observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） for Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Methods：A total of 30 eligible cases were treated by needling Shenting （GV 24）, Baihui （GV 20）, Dazhui （GV 14）, Fen...Objective：To observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） for Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Methods：A total of 30 eligible cases were treated by needling Shenting （GV 24）, Baihui （GV 20）, Dazhui （GV 14）, Fengfu （GV 16）, Mingmen （GV 1） and Yongquan （KI 1）. Upon arrival of qi, the G6805-II electric stimulator was connected to Shenting （GV 24） and Baihui （GV 20） （one pair）, to Dazhui （GV 14） and Fengfu （GV 16） （one pair） and to bilateral Yongquan （KI 1） （one pair） for 25 min, using continuous wave at the frequency of 2-100 Hz and voltage of 2-4 V. With a tolerable intensity, the EA was conducted once a day for 10 d （one treatment course）. There was a 3-day interval between two courses. After three courses, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using the mini-mental state examination （MMSE）, revised Hasegawa dementia scale （HDS-R）, activities of daily living （ADL） and neurological function defect scale （NFDS）. Results：After EA treatment, the MMSE and HDS-R scores were significantly increased （P〈0.01） and the ADL and NFDS scores were significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. Conclusion：EA is effective for AD and can improve the overall intelligence and repair neurologic deficits in AD patients.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the communicative competence of Chinese students in a British university, and the main purposes of the study are to find out more about Chinese students＇ difficulties in communication and to explore learning strategies of developing communicative competence. The research results show that Chinese students had both linguistic and socio-cultural problems in communication. Two case studies are presented of good and less good communicators to show up different patterns of communicative performance and learning strategies. In conclusion, a range of findings support the statement that attitudes, motivation and immersion were important in the development of communicative competence.
基金Supported by the Shibingshiyao Program of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z131100002513005)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the daily administration times of Canhuang tablet(CHT) for treating jaundice in rats based on a pharmacodynamic/ pharmacokinetic model.METHODS: Rats were modeled by 4% 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate(75 mg/kg, p.o.). After 48 h, CHT was given(p.o.) at 0.75 g/kg once a day, 0.375 g/kg twice a day, and 0.25 g/kg three times a day. Blood was collected from the orbital sinus at different intervals. Levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin were detected using these blood samples. Bile was collected and determined after the first administration of CHT. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of berberine in bile simultaneously. Time-effect and time-dose curves were then obtained.RESULTS: Compared with rats taking CHT twiceand three times a day, the total amount of bile within 10 h of rats taking CHT once a day were 1.32-and 1.47-fold higher, respectively. There was good consistency between the pharmacokinetics of berberine and the pharmacodynamics of the effect on liver enzymes and bilirubin in vivo. The pharmacokinetic analyses showed that rats administered CHT once daily maintained a higher concentration of berberine in bile for a longer period than rats administered CHT two- and three-times daily.CONCLUSION: In jaundiced rats, taking CHT once a day is better than taking CHT twice or three times a day. These data may provide a reference for the clinical application of CHT.
基金the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(05DZ19745,06DZ19732,064319053,07DZ19722,07DZ19733)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2005CB523306)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B112 and T0302)
文摘Objective： To study the clinical effects of acupuncture therapy for acute stroke. Methods： 150 patients suffered from acute stroke were randomly divided into two groups： drug group, acupuncture group. To apply routine drug treatment of Neurology for drug group： pisacetam 250mL, Salvia injection 20mL added into normal sodium 250mL for intravenous drip, once a day. For acupuncture group applied ＂calm the liver and suppress yang＂ acupuncture therapy beside drugs. Modified Scandinavian Stroke Scale （ SSS ） and activities of daily living （ADL） scale （Barthel Index） were used for evaluation, as well as biochemistry/hemorheology determination. Results： The scale showed significant difference as compared with the drug group, biochemistry index had non-significant difference, and hemorheological index had partly improved. Conclusion： The scale could synchronously reflect the clinical symptom and changes of patient with stroke.Acupuncture therapy has a significant improvement of acute stroke treatment.
基金State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.China (2003z126)
文摘Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of early acupuncture in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods： In clinical randomized controlled trial, 90 subjects were divided into drug group and acupuncture group, 45 cases in each group. The neurological deficit score, Bathel index and some blood laboratory indexes were detected before and after treatment in both groups. Results： In acute stage, there were striking differences in the neurological deficit score and activities of daily living （ADL） between before and after treatments in acupuncture group （P〈0.01）, and between acupuncture group and drug group （P〈0.01）; but there was no difference in blood lipid and rheology between two groups. Conclusion： Acupuncture is rather safe in the early treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and improvement of disability and the patients＇ quality of life.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Project of Leshan Vocational&Technical College,Sichuan Province,No.KY2014012~~
文摘Objective：To observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） for Alzheimer’s disease （AD）. Methods：A total of 30 eligible cases were treated by needling Shenting （GV 24）, Baihui （GV 20）, Dazhui （GV 14）, Fengfu （GV 16）, Mingmen （GV 1） and Yongquan （KI 1）. Upon arrival of qi, the G6805-II electric stimulator was connected to Shenting （GV 24） and Baihui （GV 20） （one pair）, to Dazhui （GV 14） and Fengfu （GV 16） （one pair） and to bilateral Yongquan （KI 1） （one pair） for 25 min, using continuous wave at the frequency of 2-100 Hz and voltage of 2-4 V. With a tolerable intensity, the EA was conducted once a day for 10 d （one treatment course）. There was a 3-day interval between two courses. After three courses, the therapeutic efficacies were evaluated using the mini-mental state examination （MMSE）, revised Hasegawa dementia scale （HDS-R）, activities of daily living （ADL） and neurological function defect scale （NFDS）. Results：After EA treatment, the MMSE and HDS-R scores were significantly increased （P〈0.01） and the ADL and NFDS scores were significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. Conclusion：EA is effective for AD and can improve the overall intelligence and repair neurologic deficits in AD patients.
