产学新型合作伙伴关系的国际考察:基于日本的案例研究

大学与产业的关系经历了一个历史的发展进程。20世纪80年代以来,随着高等教育功能的扩展,市场化程度的提高,国际高等教育与产业间的关系越来越密切,大学与产业新型合作伙伴关系得以真正确立。日本科研机构呈现多元化趋势。产学新型合作伙伴关系建立的一个重要特点是政府积极参与和推动,政府致力于产学合作各项法律制度的完善,为产学合作发展建立良好的法制环境。"产官学"模式的国家政策及大学管理体制的变化推动了日本产学新型合作伙伴关系的进一步发展。产学合作突出地表现为大学开展形式多样的产学科研合作活动、大学建立风险企业、大学普遍设立TLO机构以经营知识产权、大学科技园的建设和发展。

日本幼儿劳动教育的案例、特征与启示

日本幼儿劳动教育注重幼儿兴趣、需要和生命体验,将“动手参与”贯穿在幼儿教育的各个环节,通过自理行为习惯、传统节日文化、劳动主题实践等活动培育幼儿独立做事、传承劳动文化和解决实际问题的能力,从而形成幼儿良好的劳动习惯、责任感及遵守秩序、独立生活与勤劳节俭的劳动品质,其特征具有启示性,可为我国探索幼儿劳动教育提供思路与借鉴。

日本地方政府公民行政参与制度化建设的经验与启示——以日本神户市、名古屋市为例

城市的发展和建设,公共政策制定与实施,离不开城市居民的理性参与和支持。本文从思想观念、制度建设、操作手法、监督体制等方面对日本名古屋市和神户市政府推进公民参与城市建设的经验进行了分析。为实现城市更好更快发展,中国需要认真研究、借鉴发达国家经验,建构官民共治(协动)的治理结构,加强制度建设,完善监督体制。

Institutionalisation of Genetic Resource Management with Farmers： Cases of Traditional Vegetables in Japan

Nearly all countries have seed organisations and private seed companies, laws and technical regulations to govern their while the role of the farmers＇ seed system has formal seed system, run by formal public been marginalised especially in developed countries. Local traditional varieties that are largely taken care of and nurtured by farmers＇ seed system have also been excluded from the formal seed system. Nowadays, however, it is quite common to see locally-sourced vegetables on supermarket shelves, while an increasing number of consumers visit farmers＇ market and become aware of local traditional vegetables available only through such channels. It is in this context that many local governments, public agricultural experimental stations and even private seed companies are becoming interested in the use and management of local traditional varieties of vegetables in Japan. The objective of this paper is to elucidate some characteristics of and factors behind the condition, potentiality and limitations of farmers＇ seed systems vis-a-vis the expected role of public experimental stations and locally-based seed companies, especially when it comes to the use and management of local traditional vegetables and their genetic resources in Japan. This paper is based on our case studies, in which we conducted in some interviews with relevant local actors in addition to literature and statistical surveys.

Analysis of Ship Refuge Action in Tsunami Using AIS Data： Case of the 2011 East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

A massive earthquake occurred in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan on the 1 lth of March 2011. In response, a tsunami alert, a tsunami warning and an advisory were issued for the entire Pacific coast region. This research investigates the evacuation behavior of ships by AIS （automatic identification system） data in Onahama port after the tsunami warning was issued. The unusual behavior observed was attributed to the emergency evacuation of ships. This research investigates the evacuation behaviors of the vessels using the data obtained from AIS, around the Onahama Port during alerting the major tsunami warning. The result shows that most vessels in the port started evacuating approximately 10 min after the major tsunami warning and completed offshore evacuation 40 min after this warning. This contributed in understanding the actual status of the vessel evacuation. In addition, the travel paths of each vessel revealed the influence of the tsunami on the vessels. Furthermore, the exceptional situation where several vessels moved in the same direction at the speed almost same for about 2 hours was confirmed. As a result, it can be estimated that the waves that affected both vessels were the drawback of the tsunamis.

Relationship between Mire Vegetation and Volcanic Activity： A Case Study in Tadewara Mire, a Volcanic Mire in the South-Western Japan

Relationship between volcanic activity and vegetation change with special reference to chemical environmental change in soil by volcanic activity has been investigated in Tadewara mire in the Aso-Kujyu volcano area, south western Japan. A core of 420.0 cm depth was collected for peat forming plants analysis and chemical analysis. A distinct peak of sulfur content in peat core was found at the depth of 105.0-115.0 cm. Chronological changes of dominant species within the peat forming plants community showed both progressive and retrogressive successions. Vegetation change of Tadewara mire within recent 1000 years showed retrogressive succession from Sphagnum community to Moliniopsis and Phragmites communities after the sulfur compound deposition, whereas vegetation showed progressive succession after the deposition of sulfur became smaller. Enrichment of sulfur in sediment core appeared over the water impermeable layer with clay texture on volcanic ash horizon, and then vegetation change could be induced by the paludification caused by the clay layer. Deposition of volcanic ash layer and the following formation of water impermeable layer were dated at 970 ＋ 40 yBP by 14C dating data, and it corresponded to the eruption of Mount Kurotake recorded at 980 ＋ 30 yBP. Retrogressive succession can be the result of hydrological change rather than direct chemical changes in soil.

To What Extent Does the Market Price of Imported Fishmeal Affect the Market Price of Pisciculture Products in Japan？ The Case of Yellowtail and Sea Bream

This study investigates the extent of the influence of imported fishmeal price changes on the market price of pisciculture products. To date, there have been only a few insufficient researches on this topic in Japan. This paper aims to reveal the causality relationship between the market price of imported fishmeal and the market price of pisciculture products using the granger causality test, and to simulate the market price of pisciculture products using impulse response functions as the price of imported fishmeal increases. The results of the granger causality test and impulse response function analyses were as follows： （1） there is a market linkage from the price of imported fishmeal to the market price of sea bream, but no causality with the market price yellowtail; and （2） this has a positive impact on the market price of sea bream when the price of imported fishmeal changes. Moreover, spillover effects were noticed in this simple scenario （at a market price of 800 yen/kg and one unit shock of 1 yen） of about 3 yen/kg.

Study on Impact of Embodied Energy and CO2 Emissions for Prolongation of Building Life Time： Case Study in Japan

In this study, we looked at a method quantifying EEC （embodied energy and CO2） and the effect when we prolonged the building life time particularly through the durable improvement of the structure. Increasing the covering thickness of concrete for reinforcing bars and the earthquake-resistant strength are methods to increase the durability of the structure. The calculation method to obtain the quantity of concrete and reinforcing bars is provided. The EEC increase is evaluated from the 2005 input-output table in Japan. These results show that EE （embodied energy） in the construction phase is increased by 11% to 20% and EC （embodied CO2） 17% to 32%. However, annual EE is reduced 66% to 72% and EC 70% to 79%,

上海深层地下空间开发管理体制的思考与建议

上海对地下空间的开发利用走在全国的前列.该文梳理了上海地下空间的开发利用概况及管理体制的演变历程,结合日本深层地下空间开发案例,针对深层地下空间开发的普遍性难点和特殊性难点,提出了上海深层地下空间开发的相关建议.