Relatively short historical catch records show that anchovy populations have exhibited large variability over multi-decadal timescales.In order to understand the driving factors(anthropogenic and/or natural) of such v...Relatively short historical catch records show that anchovy populations have exhibited large variability over multi-decadal timescales.In order to understand the driving factors(anthropogenic and/or natural) of such variability,it is essential to develop long-term time series of the population prior to the occurrence of notable anthropogenic impact.Well-preserved fish scales in the sediments are regarded as useful indicators reflecting the fluctuations of fish populations over the last centuries.This study aims to validate the anchovy scale deposition rate as a proxy of local anchovy biomass in the Yellow Sea adjoining the western North Pacific.Our reconstructed results indicated that over the last 150 years,the population size of anchovy in the Yellow Sea has exhibited great fluctuations with periodicity of around 50 years,and the pattern of current recovery and collapse is similar to that of historical records.The pattern of large-scale population synchrony with remote ocean basins provides further evidence proving that fish population dynamics are strongly affected by global and basin-scale oceanic/climatic variability.展开更多
This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. ...This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. Among ESTs （environmentally sound technologies） the potential of GHG mitigation of CCS has gained prominence. The research identifies the main activities and positions of the actors involved in CCS technology implementation in Japan and Brazil, and contrasts and compares reasons for the large-scale use of the CCS technologies in the two countries. This analysis is based on a literature review and a field survey done to collect primary data via visits to organizations and experts. This data was enhanced by an analysis of patent deposits in the area of CCS in the two countries in last 20 years. As regards the legal framework for climate change, and for CCS in particular, while responses to the main international decisions can be found in Japan, in Brazil this is not the case. In Japan the public sector has an effective participation together with private sector and civil society. In Brazil CCS activities are conducted by the private sector which is in turn putting pressure on civil society in particular academia. Currently, Japan is focusing on CCS capture technologies, while Brazil is focusing on CCS storage technologies. In summary, the CCS framework is being more efficiently carried out in Japan than in Brazil.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program 2010CB428902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40876088)
文摘Relatively short historical catch records show that anchovy populations have exhibited large variability over multi-decadal timescales.In order to understand the driving factors(anthropogenic and/or natural) of such variability,it is essential to develop long-term time series of the population prior to the occurrence of notable anthropogenic impact.Well-preserved fish scales in the sediments are regarded as useful indicators reflecting the fluctuations of fish populations over the last centuries.This study aims to validate the anchovy scale deposition rate as a proxy of local anchovy biomass in the Yellow Sea adjoining the western North Pacific.Our reconstructed results indicated that over the last 150 years,the population size of anchovy in the Yellow Sea has exhibited great fluctuations with periodicity of around 50 years,and the pattern of current recovery and collapse is similar to that of historical records.The pattern of large-scale population synchrony with remote ocean basins provides further evidence proving that fish population dynamics are strongly affected by global and basin-scale oceanic/climatic variability.
文摘This article presents a comparative analysis of the technology status of CCS （carbon capture and storage） in Japan and Brazil. Japan＇s GHG （greenhouse Gas） emissions are declining while Brazil＇s are increasing. Among ESTs （environmentally sound technologies） the potential of GHG mitigation of CCS has gained prominence. The research identifies the main activities and positions of the actors involved in CCS technology implementation in Japan and Brazil, and contrasts and compares reasons for the large-scale use of the CCS technologies in the two countries. This analysis is based on a literature review and a field survey done to collect primary data via visits to organizations and experts. This data was enhanced by an analysis of patent deposits in the area of CCS in the two countries in last 20 years. As regards the legal framework for climate change, and for CCS in particular, while responses to the main international decisions can be found in Japan, in Brazil this is not the case. In Japan the public sector has an effective participation together with private sector and civil society. In Brazil CCS activities are conducted by the private sector which is in turn putting pressure on civil society in particular academia. Currently, Japan is focusing on CCS capture technologies, while Brazil is focusing on CCS storage technologies. In summary, the CCS framework is being more efficiently carried out in Japan than in Brazil.
