北冈底斯带日松花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素组成

在野外地质调查工作的基础上，对日土县拉梅拉山口一带的日松花岗岩体开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U—Pb测年和Hf同位素分析。岩石地球化学数据表明，日松花岗岩体属钙碱性岩类型，绝大多数样品含透辉石标准分子。富集Rb、Pb、Th等而亏损K、Ba等大离子亲石元素，高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等明显亏损。稀土元素呈现出右倾缓倾斜型的特征，且存在较为明显的负Eu异常。与前人研究确定岩体的时代为晚白垩世始新世不同，本文认为岩体的侵位时代主要为白垩纪，可分为早白垩世、晚白垩世两期。获得二长花岗岩样品（D10452）的LA—ICPMS锆石U—Pb年龄为108．4±2．1Ma（MSWD-2．4，n=18），结合锆石稀土元素特征、岩浆振荡环带特征（CI。图像）及锆石Th／U比值，上述年龄可以代表岩体的形成年龄（早白垩世）。锆石Hf同位素特征显示，二长花岗岩样品（D10452）的εHf（t）为正值。介于1．49～3．86间（平均值为2．50）；而石英闪长岩样品（D1045）的￡Hf（f）多数为负值，介于-2．09至0．15之间（平均值为-0．69）。Hf同位素地壳模式年龄分别在763．0～884．5Ma（D1045—2）、959．1～1073．5Ma（D1045）之间。两件样品的εHf（t）和Hf同位素地壳模式年龄均具有较小的变化范围，暗示岩体的岩浆物质来源应该具有较为均一的锆石Hf同位素组成。日松地区早白垩世花岗岩体的锆石UPb年龄和Hf同位素特征，基本反映了北冈底斯早白垩世的岩浆活动时间和源区等特征，其成因可能与班公湖怒江特提斯洋岩石圈向南俯冲过程中幔源物质参与岩浆形成演化有关。本文研究成果，为研究班公湖一怒江结合带构造演化提供了新的资料证据。

西藏西部日松地区多仁组、日松组的建立及其地质意义

在班公湖—改则—革吉一带广布一套类复理石—复理石碎屑沉积,总体岩性单调,化石稀少,研究程度极低。对该套地层,尤其上部层位因缺乏年代依据,其时代归属及沉积上限一直争论较大,地层序列划分难以统一。在1∶25万日土幅区域地质调查过程中对该套地层进行了详细研究,于中上部层位中采获了较丰富的古生物化石,其时代归属为晚侏罗世。据沉积建造、岩性组合及古地理、古生物面貌特征,宜将其从原木嘎岗日地层分区划出,归入班戈-八宿地层分区,创建为多仁组、日松组。

西藏阿里日松地区白垩纪发现生物化石及其意义

在西藏阿里日土县日松乡地区发现大量白垩纪标准化石,对其基木特征进行了描述,鉴定为小星准柱珊瑚和日土柱圆笠虫。结合区域地质特征和产出化石地层的沉积学特征等的分析,认为在该地区原1:25万日土幅区调工作中划分的侏罗系中—上统拉贡塘组(J2-3l)和侏罗系上统拉多仁组(J3d)、日松组(J3r)地层归属白垩纪。又因其含有Orbitolina(Columnorbitolina)rutogensis Zhang、O.(Orbitolina)birmanica Sahni、Stylina parvistella Volz、O.(Palorbitolina)umbellata Zhang、O.(Palorbitolina)discaidea Gras标准生物因子,时代更接近早白垩世。

谈“日松A3机心电源的检修与改进”

《家电维修》2003年第12期17页发表了“日松A3机心电源的检修与改进”一文，笔者就此文谈一点看法。

日松牌TB1231N机心彩电总线调整方法

适用机型：日松C3798B2、G5498B、C5498C2、TC6498C1、C649882等。

走近“卡朗多吉”

元月二十二日,大寒,是一年里最冷的一天,我和一好友从凉山州木里县出发,准备从木里水落乡徒步穿越甘孜州的亚丁——"最后的香格里拉"。此次穿越目的,一是想对自己的体能和毅力做一次全方位的测验,二更是想去体味那冰雪世界里的"念青贡噶日松贡布"(藏语意为终年积雪的三座护法神山)。伴着一阵阵清脆的马铃声,怀揣着无数个憧憬,在未来几天的日子里将要发生什么,我们一无所知。经过四天的艰难跋涉,终于到了卡朗多吉山的山脚下,在翻过呷尔牧场最高一处山脊时,天空在你眼前一下展开,猛地一抬头,正前方一座雄浑博大的雪峰突现在你的眼前。在这一瞬间里视线被凝固了,四周的一切都不复存在,精神的力量在亢奋中贪婪地膨胀,却忘了身体正经受着零下十几度的雪风揉磨。而灿烂的阳光点燃了卡朗多吉山的雪峰,霎时,我看见云在升腾,在燃烧。而此刻的它正面对着东方,桀骜地昂起它鹰一般的额头,在绵亘数十里的群山中展现着自己伟岸的雄姿。

学会动态

学会一行应邀参观考察广州日松公司 4月18日，应广州日松工业自动化有限公司孙志强总经理邀请，学会巨锦理事长、程月辉秘书长及中国船级社广州分社张宇副总工、郑晓松处长、李清民高工等一行6人到该公司参观考察，双方就学会筹办“CCS焊工考试委员会”、开展焊接新技术推广、焊工技能培训等问题进行了深入的交流和探讨，并就双方的进一步互动与合作交换了意见。

Improvement of Lagrangian relaxation performance for open pit mines constrained long-term production scheduling problem

Constrained long-term production scheduling problem(CLTPSP) of open pit mines has been extensively studied in the past few decades due to its wide application in mining projects and the computational challenges it poses become an NP-hard problem.This problem has major practical significance because the effectiveness of the schedules obtained has strong economical impact for any mining project.Despite of the rapid theoretical and technical advances in this field,heuristics is still the only viable approach for large scale industrial applications.This work presents an approach combining genetic algorithms(GAs) and Lagrangian relaxation(LR) to optimally determine the CLTPSP of open pit mines.GAs are stochastic,parallel search algorithms based on the natural selection and the process of evolution.LR method is known for handling large-scale separable problems; however,the convergence to the optimal solution can be slow.The proposed Lagrangian relaxation and genetic algorithms(LR-GAs) combines genetic algorithms into Lagrangian relaxation method to update the Lagrangian multipliers.This approach leads to improve the performance of Lagrangian relaxation method in solving CLTPSP.Numerical results demonstrate that the LR method using GAs to improve its performance speeding up the convergence.Subsequently,highly near-optimal solution to the CLTPSP can be achieved by the LR-GAs.

Distributed Chunk-Based Optimization for MultiCarrier Ultra-Dense Networks

In this paper,a distributed chunkbased optimization algorithm is proposed for the resource allocation in broadband ultra-dense small cell networks.Based on the proposed algorithm,the power and subcarrier allocation problems are jointly optimized.In order to make the resource allocation suitable for large scale networks,the optimization problem is decomposed first based on an effective decomposition algorithm named optimal condition decomposition(OCD) algorithm.Furthermore,aiming at reducing implementation complexity,the subcarriers are divided into chunks and are allocated chunk by chunk.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more superior performance than uniform power allocation scheme and Lagrange relaxation method,and then the proposed algorithm can strike a balance between the complexity and performance of the multi-carrier Ultra-Dense Networks.

Compatible taper and stem volume equations for Larix kaempferi(Japanese larch) species of South Korea

In this study, compatible taper and stem volume equations were developed for Larix kaempferi species of South Korea. The dataset was split into two groups： 80% of the data were used in model fitting and the remaining 2o% were used for validation. The compatible MB76 equations were used to predict the diameter outside bark to a specific height, the height to a specific diameter and the stem volume of the species. The result of the stem volume analysis was compared with the existing stem volume model of Larix kaempferi species of South Korea which was developed by the Korea Forest Research Institute and with a simple volume model that was developed with fitting dataset in this study. The compatible model provided accurate prediction of the total stem volume when compared to the existing stem volume model and with a simple volume model. It is concluded that the compatible taper and stem volume equations are more convenient to use and therefore it is recommended to be applied in the Larix kaempferi species of South Korea.

Improving performance of open-pit mine production scheduling problem under grade uncertainty by hybrid algorithms

One of the surface mining methods is open-pit mining,by which a pit is dug to extract ore or waste downwards from the earth’s surface.In the mining industry,one of the most significant difficulties is long-term production scheduling(LTPS)of the open-pit mines.Deterministic and uncertainty-based approaches are identified as the main strategies,which have been widely used to cope with this problem.Within the last few years,many researchers have highly considered a new computational type,which is less costly,i.e.,meta-heuristic methods,so as to solve the mine design and production scheduling problem.Although the optimality of the final solution cannot be guaranteed,they are able to produce sufficiently good solutions with relatively less computational costs.In the present paper,two hybrid models between augmented Lagrangian relaxation(ALR)and a particle swarm optimization(PSO)and ALR and bat algorithm(BA)are suggested so that the LTPS problem is solved under the condition of grade uncertainty.It is suggested to carry out the ALR method on the LTPS problem to improve its performance and accelerate the convergence.Moreover,the Lagrangian coefficients are updated by using PSO and BA.The presented models have been compared with the outcomes of the ALR-genetic algorithm,the ALR-traditional sub-gradient method,and the conventional method without using the Lagrangian approach.The results indicated that the ALR is considered a more efficient approach which can solve a large-scale problem and make a valid solution.Hence,it is more effectual than the conventional method.Furthermore,the time and cost of computation are diminished by the proposed hybrid strategies.The CPU time using the ALR-BA method is about 7.4%higher than the ALR-PSO approach.

Carbon Stock of Larch Plantations and Its Comparison with an Old-growth Forest in Northeast China

The overall goal of this study was to understand carbon(C) stock dynamics in four different-aged Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi) plantations in Northeast China that were established after clear-cutting old-growth Korean pine deciduous forests. Four Japanese larch plantations which were at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old and an old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest which was 300 years old in Northeast China were selected and sampled. We compared the C pools of biomass(tree, shrub and herb), litterfall(LF), and soil organic carbon(SOC) among them. The biomass C stock of larch plantation at 10, 15, 21, and 35 years old was 26.8, 37.9, 63.6, and 83.2 Mg/ha, respectively, while the biomass C stock of the old-growth Korean pine deciduous forest was 175.1 Mg/ha. The SOC stock of these larch plantations was 172.1, 169.7, 140.3, and 136.2 Mg/ha respectively, and SOC stock of 170.4 Mg/ha in the control of old-growth forest. The biomass C stock increased with stand age of larch plantations, whereas SOC stock decreased with age, and C stock of LF did not change significantly(P > 0.05). The increase of biomass C offset the decline of SOC stock with age, making total carbon stock(TCS) of larch plantations stable from stand ages of 10–35 years. The TCS in larch plantations was much smaller than that in the old-growth forest, suggesting that the conversion of old-growth forests to young larch plantations releases substantial C into the atmosphere.

Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi) clonal seed orchard： a case study

Pollination dynamics highly determines the genetic quality of seed orchard crops. However, there is less research about the effect of mating patterns on seed productivity of orchard crops. So far, clonal seed orchards have been producing genetically improved seedlings used for most Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi(Lamb.) Carr.) plantations in China. In the present study, a total of 17 highly variable simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers were used for genotyping a progeny trial population consisting of 647 open-pollinated progenies germinated from seeds which were collected from 63 maternal clones with 140 potential paternal clones in a Japanese larch clonal seed orchard in China. Paternity analysis was used in the present case study in order to evaluate the level of paternal gametic contribution, estimate pollen contamination and selfing rates, and investigate pollination patterns,pollen dispersal patterns and the impact of mating patterns on seed productivity of orchard crops. We observed 93.7% of the success rate of the parental assignment, unequal paternal gametic contribution(0–12.4%) with 6.3% of the progenies derived from pollen contamination or unsampled pollen donors, and absence of evidence for selfing. We also found that pollination rate highly depended on the distance between pollen donors and maternal parents, the majority of the identified crossing(65.7%)occurred between clones within a 150-m radius, and large variations in growth performance existed among the paternal halfsiblings. Progeny growth performance(diameter at breast(DBH) and height(HGT)) was measured at Age-20 in order to investigate the impact of mating patterns on timber production of orchard crops. As either the paternal or maternal, two clones(i.e., clones Z38 and Z62) were identified to have produced progenies with higher average stem volume breeding values than that of all of the progenies. Specifically, the genetic gains for volume were 3.53% for the two clones as paternal parents, and 8.26% as the maternal parents at Age-20. Thus, both elite clones were ideal candidates for the construction of next-generation clonal seed orchards due to their synchronous reproductive phenology with greater crossing rate and higher genetic gain. These results improved the pedigree information to provide solid evidence of mating patterns for future design and effective management of seed orchards and for the development of viable long-term breeding strategies for other coniferous species.

An approximation algorithm for the k-median warehouse-retailer network design problem

We study the generalizedk-median version of the warehouse-retailer network design problem(kWRND).We formulate the k-WRND as a binary integer program and propose a 6-approximation randomized algorithm based on Lagrangian relaxation.

New semidefinite programming relaxations for box constrained quadratic program

We establish in this paper optimal parametric Lagrangian dual models for box constrained quadratic program based on the generalized D.C.(difference between convex) optimization approach,which can be reformulated as semidefinite programming problems.As an application,we propose new valid linear constraints for rank-one relaxation.

Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly： a clinical trial

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.Methods：Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group,40 cases in each group.The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） training,while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.Prior to and after 6-month intervention,the bone mineral density （BMD） of the proximal femur,visual analog scale （VAS） and activities of daily living （ADL） were estimated.Results：There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur,and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention （P〉0.05）.After 6-month intervention,the above items all improved significantly in both groups （both P〈0.01）;the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group （P〈0.01）,while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant （P〉0.05）.Conclusion：Practice of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis,and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL,with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.

A Lagrange-multiplier-based XFEM to solve pressure Poisson equations in problems with quasi-static interfaces

The XFEM(extended finite element method) has a lot of advantages over other numerical methods to resolve discontinuities across quasi-static interfaces due to the jump in fluidic parameters or surface tension.However,singularities corresponding to enriched degrees of freedom(DOFs) embedded in XFEM arise in the discrete pressure Poisson equations.In this paper,constraints on these DOFs are derived from the interfacial equilibrium condition and introduced in terms of stabilized Lagrange multipliers designed for non-boundary-fitted meshes to address this issue.Numerical results show that the weak and strong discontinuities in pressure with straight and circular interfaces are accurately reproduced by the constraints.Comparisons with the SUPG/PSPG(streamline upwind/pressure stabilizing Petrov-Galerkin) method without Lagrange multipliers validate the applicability and flexibility of the proposed constrained algorithm to model problems with quasi-static interfaces.