An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of soybean meal （SBM）, groundnut meal （GNM） and blood meal （BM） addition in diets with or without （1%） fishmeal on the performance, N-digestibility an...An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of soybean meal （SBM）, groundnut meal （GNM） and blood meal （BM） addition in diets with or without （1%） fishmeal on the performance, N-digestibility and cost of production of growing grasscutters. Fifty-four grasscutters （9-week-old） of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments, using a completely randomized design （CRD） in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with three grasscutters per treatment and three replicates each. Treatments 1-3 （TI-T3） contained no fishmeal, whilst treatments 4-6 （T4-T6） had 1% fishmeal added. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. N-digestibility was significantly high for SBM diets with or without fishmeal, 83.91% and 82.19%, respectively, followed by BM diets. Average daily gain （ADG） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） high （12.95 g） for BM diet without fishmeal. Feed cost per kg diet was the lowest （US$0.195） for the same BM diet. The results indicated that the inclusion of SBM and BM in the diet of grasscutters with or without 1% fishmeal could improve performance and it may be the most economical for feeding BM in the diet without fishmeal.展开更多
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available m...The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available mitochondrial genomic data re- vealed many previously unknown characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of caridean shrimps. The A. japonicus mito- chondrial genome is 16487 bp long and contains the typical set of 37 metazoan genes. The gene arrangements in the mito- chondrial genomes of four previously studied carideans （Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri and Halocaridina rubra） were found to be identical to the pancrustacean ground pattern; thus, it was considered that gene rear- rangements probably did not occur in the suborder Caridea. In the present study, a translocation of the trnE gene involving in- version was found in Alpheus mitochondrial genomes. This phenomenon has not been reported in any other crustacean mito- chondrial genome that has been studied so far; however, the translocation of one transfer RNA gene （trnP or trnT） was report- ed in the mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the ratios of the nonsynonymous and synonymous sub- stitutions rates （Ka/Ks） for the 13 protein coding genes from two Alpheus species （A. japonicus and A. distinguendus） and three Macrobrachium species （M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri） were calculated, the KaIKs values for all the protein coding genes in Alpheus and Macrobrachium mitochondrial genomes were found to be less than 1 （between 0.0048 and 0.2057）, indicating that a strong purification selection had occurred. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on the mitochondrial protein coding genes in the genomes of nine related species indicated that Palaemonidae and Alpheidae formed a monophyly and shared a statistically significant relationship, （Palaemonidae＋Alpheidae）＋Atyidae, at the family level.展开更多
文摘An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the effect of soybean meal （SBM）, groundnut meal （GNM） and blood meal （BM） addition in diets with or without （1%） fishmeal on the performance, N-digestibility and cost of production of growing grasscutters. Fifty-four grasscutters （9-week-old） of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments, using a completely randomized design （CRD） in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with three grasscutters per treatment and three replicates each. Treatments 1-3 （TI-T3） contained no fishmeal, whilst treatments 4-6 （T4-T6） had 1% fishmeal added. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. N-digestibility was significantly high for SBM diets with or without fishmeal, 83.91% and 82.19%, respectively, followed by BM diets. Average daily gain （ADG） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） high （12.95 g） for BM diet without fishmeal. Feed cost per kg diet was the lowest （US$0.195） for the same BM diet. The results indicated that the inclusion of SBM and BM in the diet of grasscutters with or without 1% fishmeal could improve performance and it may be the most economical for feeding BM in the diet without fishmeal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40906067 and 31172054)Special Funds From the Central Finance to Support the Development of Local Universities(Grant No. CXTD04)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2012M510054)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology (Grant Nos. 2009HS12 and 2009HS13)
文摘The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus Miers （Crustacea： Decapoda： Caridea） is presented here. A comparative analysis based on the currently available mitochondrial genomic data re- vealed many previously unknown characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of caridean shrimps. The A. japonicus mito- chondrial genome is 16487 bp long and contains the typical set of 37 metazoan genes. The gene arrangements in the mito- chondrial genomes of four previously studied carideans （Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri and Halocaridina rubra） were found to be identical to the pancrustacean ground pattern; thus, it was considered that gene rear- rangements probably did not occur in the suborder Caridea. In the present study, a translocation of the trnE gene involving in- version was found in Alpheus mitochondrial genomes. This phenomenon has not been reported in any other crustacean mito- chondrial genome that has been studied so far; however, the translocation of one transfer RNA gene （trnP or trnT） was report- ed in the mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon carinicauda. When the ratios of the nonsynonymous and synonymous sub- stitutions rates （Ka/Ks） for the 13 protein coding genes from two Alpheus species （A. japonicus and A. distinguendus） and three Macrobrachium species （M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, M. lanchesteri） were calculated, the KaIKs values for all the protein coding genes in Alpheus and Macrobrachium mitochondrial genomes were found to be less than 1 （between 0.0048 and 0.2057）, indicating that a strong purification selection had occurred. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on the mitochondrial protein coding genes in the genomes of nine related species indicated that Palaemonidae and Alpheidae formed a monophyly and shared a statistically significant relationship, （Palaemonidae＋Alpheidae）＋Atyidae, at the family level.
