夏家店下层文化青铜器简析

夏家店下层文化是中国北方地区早期青铜文化的重要组成部分。夏家店下层文化出土的青铜器有装饰品、工具、兵器及杖首等,其中装饰品数量较多。青铜器材质以青铜为主,也有少量的红铜,铸造技术达到一定水平。同时,夏家店下层文化与周边地区考古学文化有密切的联系。

中国古代文明起源与形成研究的回顾与展望

中国古代文明是古代世界上少数具有独立起源的文明之一,又是四大古代文明中惟一没有中断、绵延传承的文明。史前文化发展的连续性和独特性,决定了中国古代文明起源的独立性和多元一体性。继“夏商周断代工程”之后,“中国文明探源工程预研究”已列入国家“十五”科技攻关项目。但是,由于考古工作开展得不足、对文献缺乏认真的研究、理论思考的贫乏和研究方法的单一及模式的封闭,使中国古代文明的研究在一些关键问题上仍没有取得有说服力的结论。因此,我们约请了四位长期从事中国古代文明研究而且成绩斐然的专家,从研究的现状及现有条件、古代文献的意义及使用方法、聚落与社会结构、墓葬与社会组织等方面,诠释中国古代文明的起源与形成。这组笔谈,既有新观点的提出,又有新的研究方法的使用与倡导,相信对相关问题的研究能起到一定的促进作用。

Music in Prehistoric Armenia

Within the syncretic world view of prehistoric people, there was an inseparable link between word, song, and dance Hence it is not easy for the modern researcher to outline the border between these spheres. Using interdisciplinary methods, present paper touches the case of Armenian monodic music. Through analysis of song types （concerning labour, funeral, wedding, belief, worship, magic, mythology, epic, and dance）, music representatives, music performance places, and musical instruments, an attempt is made to consider the phenomenon within certain temporal borders. It turns out that the folk and folk-professional realistic music is simple and static in its essence and includes the invariant component of local culture, going back to the period of formation of early farming communities. Meanwhile with emerging social complexity since the Bronze Age, new and various forms of musical performance come to existence.