早熟番茄杂种优势研究

番茄杂种优势现象早已为国内外专家发现和利用,1959年黄小玲发表了番茄杂交组合力测定及杂种优势表现的报道,1963年黄真诒、徐鹤林社番茄杂种优势及其表现现律进行了分析研究,肯定了番茄一代杂种优势的利用价值.70年代以来,我国番茄杂种优势的研究与应用得到全面发展,番茄种子杂优化程度达到80%以上.番茄的早熟性既与番茄的经济性状有关,又与番茄本身的生育期有关,是一个受多基因控制,由多因素构成的综合性状.现通过这些性状对番茄杂种一代优势进行分析.

Yield Stability of Direct-sowing and Early-maturing Excellent Brassica napus (Attar No.8)

[Objective] The aim was to analyze yield stability of attar No.8, which is direct sowing and early-maturing. [Method] Analysis was made on yielding ability, stability and adaptability of attar No.8 in Yunnan Province during 2006-2009 with DPS software and stability assessment was conducted on yield and major economic characters of the variety in different periods and experimental plots. [Result] Average yield of attar No.8 during three years in 24 plots achieved 3 379.17 kg/hm2; it grew tightly and is featured with early matureness. In addition, grain density, pod number and annul production differed little in different years and the variety in eight ecological conditions all showed high production potential, yielding ability and stability, which proved that attar No.8 is suitable to be grown in Yunnan and southern early-maturing areas in China. [Conclusion] The research provided references for selection and breeding of rapeseeds＇ variety which enjoys high and stable yield.

Breeding of a New Early-ripening Cultivar of Chinese Dwarf Cherry 'Xiarihong'

＇Xiarihong＇ is a new early-ripening variety selected from seedlings of Chinese dwarf cherry （Cerasus humilis Bunge） in 2006. The fruits are oblate and have red skin; the flesh is yellow, sour and sweet. The average mass of a fruit is 6.74 g, and a fruit has a half freestone. The content of soluble solids reaches 10.9%, and total sugar and total acid content are 8.20% and 1.81% respectively, so the ratio of total sugar content to total acid content is 4.53; the edible rate is up to 94.51%. In the flesh, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin C content are 219.7, 4.4, 1.09, and 182 mg/kg respectively. Fruits ripen in late July in Beijing, and the development period of fruits is 96-101 d. Fruits can be kept for 3-5 d at room temperature, about 20 d in cold storage, and one year under freezing conditions. It can be cultivated in Beijing, flowers and fruits in the next year, with strong yielding ability.

Study on the Control Technique of "On" and "Off" Years of Early Maturing Citrus unshiu

In order to change the universal phenomenon of alternate bearing of early- grown Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu Marc.） in north Guizhou province, and provide references for setting scientific cultivation techniques and rational management mea- sures for Satsuma orange gardens, cultivation techniques for controlling alternate bearing of the early-grown Satsuma orange were tested and optimized for 7 years （2005 to 2011）. The results showed that production of local early-grown Satsuma or- ange orchards could be significantly improved through the application of cultivation techniques such as rational trimming, strengthening soil, fertilizer and water manage- ment, conducting flower and fruit management pertinently, effective and comprehen- sive control of disease and insects. The yield difference between ＂on＂ and ＂off＂ years was 10%-15%, and the orchards with serious alternate bearing phenomenon were changed into the one with high and stable yield. Meanwhile, the commercial rate of early-grown Satsuma orange fruit enhanced, leading to good economic benefits.

Influence of the Number of Reserved Fruit on Fruit-bearing Branch of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. on Fruit Growth and Development

In order to provide theoretical references for early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in terms of fruit thinning, timely fertilization and harvesting, as wel as for for-mulation of of Early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. Cultivation Technique Standards in Guizhou Province, the dynamic changes of fruit longitudinal diameter and trans-verse diameter of 11-year-old and 12-year-old early maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. were tested in two consecutive years and the effects of single-fruit bearing branch on fruit growth and development were compared. The results showed annual varia-tion of longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit in Guizhou grew faster at the beginning and then slowed down gradual y, maintaining a slow-growth period after October; the growth curve final y was flat in mature stage. General y, the growth and development stage of fruit showed four growth peaks, showing an in-creasing S-shape curve and fruit net increase also had four growth peaks with a double S-shape curve. Specifical y, longitudinal diameters growth alternated with transverse diameter growth and the former proved much stronger. In terms of ef-fects of single-fruit bearing branch on longitudinal and transverse diameter growth, the number of reserved fruits had direct effects on the growth, net increase of weight, time of growth peak, fluctuation and the number of growth peak. The growth and development, and quality of fruits in the treatments with two or three fruits re-served on single fruit-bearing branch proved better compared with the control with four left fruits. It suggested that early June and early July are the best time for fer-tilization of early-maturing Citrus unshiu Marc. in Guizhou Pprovince and would have better effect if combined with foliage spraying. The suitable harvest time is in the end of October. The preferred number of reserved fruit on single fruit-bearing branch is 2-3. In actual production, the implementation of flower and fruit thinning should also takes tree age, balance of tree vigor, strength of fruit bearing branch, alternate bearing phenomenon and other factors into consideration.

Experimental Study of Osmotic Dehydration of Date （Phoenix dactylifera L,）： Application for Lemsi Cultivars

The cultivar date Lemsi is well known in the coastal oasis of Tunisia for both its quality stage ＂blah＂ and its earliness. This variety is characterized by its astringent taste and has never been studied extensively. An osmotic dehydration treatment is necessary to improve the quality of the final product for maintaining its integrity. Thus, it is a preservation technique that is often used as pretreatment to obtain partially dehydrated fruit. In this experimental study, the cultivar date Lemsi were cut into cubes of 1 cm3 and were immersed in sucrose solutions of 50%, 60% and 70% at 20℃ for 0-240 min. The moisture content, the solute gain, the water loss and the ratio WL/SG are determined and discussed. The results deduced from this work have showed that sugar gain SG, water loss WL and the ratio WL/SG are increased with concentration of osmotic solution. Likewise, the osmotic dehydration treatment need to be followed of a convective drying to ensure the quality of the final product.

The Main Characteristics of Early Maturing Kiwifroit Variety "Fengyue" and Its Cultivating Techniques for High Yield and Good Quality

The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids content.This variety matures in September,Changsha,and has a high fruit setting percentage.Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management,pruning,and flower or fruit thinning in cultivating'Fengyue

甜樱桃大棚设施栽培技术

甜樱桃(大樱桃)的大棚设施栽培,可进一步发挥其早熟特性,更早地供应市场,满足消费者的需求,从而提高单位面积的经济效益。大棚设施栽培能避免花期冷空气的侵袭和大风、阴雨等不良气候的影响,显著提高产品的质量和产量,比露地栽培提前30d左右成熟,增值2～3倍。