黑龙港区旱地麦千粒重变化特点及稳定提高的途径和措拖

旱地麦的主要限制因素是水。今年夏收小麦生育期间降水较常年多60毫米,小麦抽穗前收成普遍看好。但由于后期多阴雨、寡光照,加之病虫危害严重,千粒重较常年降低2—3克,小麦单产较预计减少20—30公斤。因此,欲保证旱地麦丰产在获得适宜亩穗数前提下,采取有效措施稳定和提高千粒重,是非常重要的。

耕作方式对旱作区麦-玉轮作体系小麦产量、氮素利用和土壤硝态氮残留的影响

为筛选适合黄河中游旱作区麦-玉轮作体系小麦生产的耕作方式,2019年10月至2022年6月在洛阳市小浪底镇进行定位试验,设置深松(SS)、翻耕(PT)和旋耕(RT)3种耕作方式,研究了小麦产量特性,氮素积累分配转运特性及利用效率和0~200cm土层硝态氮残留量.3年中SS较RT和PT显著提高了产量、穗数和穗粒数,但降低了千粒质量.PT较RT提高产量和穗数,但对穗粒数和千粒质量的影响存在年际差异.SS不仅增加了越冬至成熟期各时期的地上部氮素积累量,而且可提高花前氮素转运量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,最终使蛋白质产量较RT和PT分别提高17.90%~23.56%和7.92%~12.98%,氮肥偏生产力提高5.63%~15.89%和3.09%~11.00%,成熟期0~200cm土壤硝态氮残留量显著降低7.39%~21.24%和4.76%~23.04%.综上,SS不仅能提高小麦产量,而且能促进氮素积累、转运和利用,降低土壤硝态氮残留量,是黄河中游旱作麦-玉轮作区实现小麦高产高效和环境友好的耕作方式.

气候条件对旱地小麦生产影响及抗灾措施

在楚雄州特定的气候条件下,分析光、温、水对旱地小麦生产的影响,提出本地区小麦增产的对策,主要措施有:选用抗旱耐瘠的优良品种;合理用肥;采取各种措施,积极防御霜冻:建立合理群体结构,提高光能利用率等。

云南省早地麦品种鉴定试验初报

早地麦是为了避免常规地麦生长期中干旱、霜冻等严重危害,于秋季八至九月份播种,至翌年一月严重霜冻来临前收获的一种新型小麦种植制度。早地麦产量比常规地麦高,因此发展很快,近三年来全省种植面积已达40余万亩。早地麦的生长期短,而且生长期中气温变化由高到低,现有田麦及常规地麦所用品种,多不适应这种特殊的生态条件,在一定程度上影响了早地麦种植面积进一步扩大。

The Division Method of Winter Wheat Drought Risk Zones in Hebei-Shandong-Henan under Irrigation Conditions

The average rainfall in whole growth period of winter wheat to plus or minus several times of sample variance was used to define different grades of drought.The reduction rate of production in meteorological which was equal to or greater than the rate of 3% was taken as standards to define wheat drought disaster years.The average reduction ratio of production in the wheat drought years in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was calculated.The frequency distribution rule of wheat in different drought disaster strength of winter wheat in Hebei-Shandong-Henan was analyzed.According to the conception and calculation method of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat,the regional distribution law of drought disaster risk index of winter wheat was analyzed.The division technical methods of winter wheat drought disaster risk zones in Hebei-Shandong-Henan under the irrigated conditions were put forward.Taking the average reduction rate of production in drought years,drought disaster risk index and precipitation of winter wheat in growth periods as indices,using the statistical analysis and overlay function of GIS,the production reduction risk of winter wheat caused by drought disaster in winter wheat zones of Hebei-Shandong-Henan was divided and evaluated.The risk evaluation of production reduction of winter wheat in different risk zones under different climate conditions was realized.The disaster prevention and mitigation measures of winter wheat drought were given.

Effect of Fertilization on Soil Fertility and Wheat Yield of Dryland in the Loess Plateau

Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with thr…