改性纤维素对旱稻萌发和旱地土壤性质的影响

水资源短缺和养分利用率低一直是制约我国旱地农业发展的重要因素,而改性纤维素能够有效固持土壤水分和养分,同时还具有缓释作用促进作物生长。探究了羧甲基纤维素(Carboxymethylcellulose,CMC)对旱地土壤性质的影响及其在植株生长过程中的实际应用效果,为羧甲基纤维素在旱地土壤中施用量、施用方法提供科学依据。通过旱稻盆栽试验,研究CMC-NH4、CMC-Na和CMC-K施加量为0.05%、0.10%、0.30%和0.50%时对旱稻萌发、土壤水分、物理性质、养分的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,施加0.05%的3种改性纤维素均可以促进旱稻萌发和增加地上部生物量,达214.29%~316.33%。施加改性纤维素能降低培养前期土壤水分流失量,但对土壤累积水分流失量无显著性影响;其对土壤物理性质影响较大,尤其是CMC-NH4和CMC-Na可以增加土壤硬度以及土壤紧实度。施加CMC-NH4有降低土壤pH的趋势,而施加CMC-Na和CMC-K有增加土壤pH的趋势。施加CMC-NH4可以增加土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,分别达202.45%~1017.79%和48.20%~172.60%;3种改性纤维素均在不同程度上提高了土壤速效磷含量;仅施加CMC-K可以显著增加土壤速效钾含量,达344.94%~1458.73%。因此,3种改性纤维素施加量为0.05%时有利于作物生长和土壤养分的增加,可以作为旱地土壤改良剂应用。

Effects of Droughts and Floods on Crops and Preventions in Puyang City

The research analyzed characters of rice/wheat growth and yield structure in Puyang and explored the effects of droughts and floods on the crops. The re-sults showed that droughts and floods had significant effects on crop growth and yield. In Puyang, the relieving and prevention technology of the disasters is con-cluded. Specifical y, it is recommended to make ful use of agricultural climate re-sources in a rational way and select suitable crop varieties according to climate and disaster characters, fol owed by timely sowing and scientific crop arrangement. What＇s more, ploughing should proceed in deeper soil layers and management measures should be optimized to reduce the effects of disasters on crops. In addi-tion to that, disaster index system should be reinforced in terms of establishment, monitoring, warning and prevention to lay scientific foundations and provide refer-ences for safe crop production and preventing and reducing disasters.