明洪武时期太庙祭祀频次考

洪武一朝的太庙祭祀礼仪极为繁琐,有必要理出一个头绪。从频次角度出发,将其划分为祫禘、时享、荐新、告庙等四个维度,不失为一个突破口。洪武朝太庙祭礼中,未曾举行禘礼,尤以祫祭、时享二礼为重,天子经常躬祀。荐新礼则下移太常主持祭祀,其中,朔祭重于望祭。此外,献新、告庙等礼仪,在频次上呈现一定程度的随机性。

Research on TDM approach of sharing BRT-lane supported by vehicle-infrastructure integration

In order to increase the availability of the part-time idle bus rapid transit lane(BRT-lane),a time division multiplexing(TDM) method to share BRT-lane with the vehicles besides BRT buses is proposed based on vehicle-road collaboration. The TDM control strategy is established under the circumstance of vehicle-infrastructure integration(VII). The algorithm is given to forecast the segmented BRT travel time. According to the real time traffic information,a comprehensive model is given to estimate the vehicles' lane-changing time from/to the BRTlane to/from its neighbor lane and determine the timing sequence for vehicles collaboration. Finally,the experiment demonstrates that the predicted value of the travel time and lane-changing time is much close to the true value. The control strategy of the vehicles collaboration could promise the non-BRT vehicles to share BRT-lane without disturbing BRT's priority.

Estimating model for urban carrying capacity on bike-sharing

As the demand for bike-sharing has been increasing,the oversupply problem of bike-sharing has occurred,which leads to the waste of resources and disturbance of the urban environment.In order to regulate the supply volume of bike-sharing reasonably,an estimating model was proposed to quantify the urban carrying capacity(UCC)for bike-sharing through the demand data.In this way,the maximum supply volume of bike-sharing that a city can accommodate can be obtained.The UCC on bike-sharing is reflected in the road network carrying capacity(RNCC)and parking facilities’carrying capacity(PFCC).The space-time consumption method and density-based spatial clustering of application with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm were used to explore the RNCC and PFCC for bike-sharing.Combined with the users’demand,the urban load ratio on bike-sharing can be evaluated to judge whether the UCC can meet users’demand,so that the supply volume of bike-sharing and distribution of the related facilities can be adjusted accordingly.The application of the model was carried out by estimating the UCC and load ratio of each traffic analysis zone in Nanjing,China.Compared with the field survey data,the effect of the proposed algorithm was verified.

A Subsection Shared Restoration Method for Long-Haul WDM Networks

A novel restoration scheme, Parted Path Shared Restoration (PPSR), was proposed. The major idea of PPSR is the strategy of ‘parted disposal’. PPSR keeps the advantage of Path Based Shared Restoration (PBSR) in utilization of capacity. In addition, the restoration time of PPSR is much less than that of PBSR. Furthermore, a satisfaction function was proposed to estimate the performance of PPSR. This function takes the utilization of capacity and restoration time into a harmonious and uniform frame. Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the performance of PPSR was demonstrated.

略论清代太庙祭器、祭品陈设规制

清太宗崇德元年仿明朝制度建立了清代的太庙祭祀制度。该祭祀活动分为正祭时享礼、岁暮袷祭礼和告祭礼,其祭器、祭品的陈设规制和数量均仿明制,祭品遵古,祭器用瓷器。太庙祭祀制度确立后,祭器、祭品的陈设规制非常稳定,除乾隆朝祭器复古,恢复了金质、玉质、铜质、木质祭器外,其他皇帝基本遵循了崇德祭祀制度。这一点从雍正朝《大清会典》、乾隆朝《皇朝礼器图式》和光绪朝《大清会典图》所绘太庙祭祀陈列图及其他文献得到了直观的印证。

清代太庙祭祀礼仪略论

崇德朝仿汉制草创清代太庙祭祀礼仪,元旦、清明、中元、除夕、万寿节行时享礼,新进果品五谷先荐新于太庙,这与当时的明朝太庙祭祀礼仪存在明显的差别。顺治朝清政权入关后,继承了明代太庙,并以明代太庙祭祀仪礼为准则,逐步扬弃了崇德朝太庙祭祀规制,由四孟时享、岁暮祫祭与告庙礼构成了太庙祭祀体系。总体上,清代太庙祭祀以明制为基础,与原庙祭祀互为补充,皇帝多亲享行礼。