时体系统与语篇

英语时态(tense)和体(aspect)一直是教学中的难点,不应单纯从句子的层面理解时体,而是把时体看作一个系统,包括过去、现在和将来三个方位轴,语篇中同一方位轴的时体组合往往聚集在一起。本文从语篇的角度通过分析《大学英语》(全新版)课文认为,语义连贯是时体方位轴转换的最基本依据,时间环境成分是转换的重要信号。

时体系统的语篇功能研究

英汉时体系统在语法体系中占据重要的地位。学术界从未停止过对时体系统的探讨,包括时体范畴的界定,时体形式的实际应用,时体形式的认知机制,以及时体系统的跨语言对比等等。但是系统讨论时体形式语篇功能的文章不多,即使有也言之不详。本文以功能语言学、语用学和文体学为理论依据,着重论述英语时体系统的语篇衔接功能,包括时体系统作为语句间的衔接手段,叙事性篇章中的时体系统,时体系统的语篇功能与二语习得等三个方面。

山西偏关方言的时体系统

偏关方言中的时标记有过去时标记、现在时标记、将来时标记。体标记有起始体、进行体/持续体、延续体、经历体、完成体、短时/尝试体。时体标记有着各自的句法分布,这也能够体现在时标记与体标记的共现中,主要表现为时标记与起始体、持续/进行体、经历体、完成体共现。部分时标记可以互换使用,这种互换现象体现出标记的虚化程度。当时标记与体标记具有共同的时间意义特征时,两者可以互换。

汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会在中央民族大学举行

2012年11月10日至11日，由全国汉语方言学会、中央民族大学主办，中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院承办的汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会在中央民族大学举行。

汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会

由全国汉语方言学会和中央民族大学主办、中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院承办的“汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会”于2012年11月10至11日在中央民族大学举行。开幕式由中央民大文学与新闻传播学院卢小群教授主持，学院常务副院长陈允锋教授致欢迎辞，全国汉语方言学会秘书长李蓝研究员致开幕词，中央民大985首席科学家戴庆厦教授致辞。参加会议的海内外专家学者120余人，提交了论文65篇。

汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会在中央民族大学举行

全国汉语方言学会、中央民族大学主办，中央民族大学文学与新闻传播学院承办的“汉语方言时体系统国际学术研讨会”于2012年11月10日至11日在中央民族大学举行。与会的海内外专家学者共计120余人，提交论文65篇，宣读论文63篇。

Completeness of bounded model checking temporal logic of knowledge

In order to find the completeness threshold which offers a practical method of making bounded model checking complete, the over-approximation for the complete threshold is presented. First, a linear logic of knowledge is introduced into the past tense operator, and then a new temporal epistemic logic LTLKP is obtained, so that LTLKP can naturally and precisely describe the system＇s reliability. Secondly, a set of prior algorithms are designed to calculate the maximal reachable depth and the length of the longest of loop free paths in the structure based on the graph structure theory. Finally, some theorems are proposed to show how to approximate the complete threshold with the diameter and recurrence diameter. The proposed work resolves the completeness threshold problem so that the completeness of bounded model checking can be guaranteed.

Stability analysis of time-varying systems via parameter-dependent homogeneous Lyapunov functions

This paper considers the stability analysis of linear continuous-time systems, and that the dynamic matrices are affected by uncertain time-varying parameters, which are assumed to be bounded, continuously differentiable, with bounded rates of variation. First, sufficient conditions of stability for time-varying systems are given by the commonly used parameter-dependent quadratic Lyapunov function. Moreover, the use of homogeneous polynomial Lyapunov functions for the stability analysis of the linear system subject to the time-varying parametric uncertainty is introduced. Sufficient conditions to determine the sought after Lyapunov function is derived via a suitable paramenterization of polynomial homogeneous forms. A numerical example is given to illustrate that the stability conditions are less conservative than similar tests in the literature.

Imaging protein crystal growth behaviour in batch cooling crystallisation

The temporal and spatial growth behaviour of protein crystals, subject to different cooling strategies in protein crystallisation was investigated. Although the impact of temperature and cooling rate on crystal growth of small molecules was well documented, much less has been reported on their impact on the crystallisation of proteins. In this paper, an experimental set-up is configured to carry out such a study which involves an automatic temperature controlled hot-stage crystalliser fitted with a real-time imaging system. Linbro parallel crystallisation experiments(24-well plate) were also conducted to find the suitable initial conditions to be used in the hot-stage crystallisation experiments, including the initial concentration of HEW lysozyme solutions, precipitate concentration and pH value. It was observed that fast cooling rates at the early stage led to precipitates while slow cooling rates produced crystal nuclei, and very slow cooling rates, much smaller than for small molecules are critical to the growth of the nuclei and the crystals to a desired shape. The interesting results provide valuable insight as well as experimental proof of the feasibility and effectiveness of cooling as a means for achieving controlled protein crystallisation, compared with the evaporation approach which was widely used to grow single large crystals for X-ray diffraction study. Since cooling rate control can be easily achieved and has good repeatability, it suggests that large-scale production of protein crystals can be effectively achieved by manipulating cooling rates.

Cooperative output tracking of multi-agent systems under finite time

The cooperative output tracking problem of multi-agent systems in finite time is considered.In order to enable the agents to quickly track and converge to external system within a finite time,a novel distributed output feedback control strategy based on the finite-time state observer is designed.This distributed finite-time observer can not only solve cooperative output tracking problems when the agents can not get external system signal,but also make the systems have a faster convergence and a good robustness.The stability of the system in finite time is proved based on Lyapunov function.Numerical simulations results have been provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.

Public Service Media Journalism and Democracy in the Digital Age

In the digital age, when we witness the rapid proliferation of platforms and services, European societies continue debating the role and the future of public service media （PSM）. In the new digital environment, public service broadcasting/media, which for a number of social and cultural reasons have been at the core of the European media system, faces the capital question--What democracy do public operators strive for and how can they accomplish it？ PSM has to be at the vanguard of the complex process of media transformation in the information society and particularly of the formation of novel journalistic culture which besides the values of ethical and innovative content should also serve the principles of good and efficient governance.

Containment control for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with time delay via an output regulation approach

This paper presents the containment analysis and design of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems(MAS)with time-delay under the output regulation.The leaders are treated as exosystems and an modified output regulation error is designed,which can deal with more than one leader in containment control,then the containment problem will be turned into an output regulation problem.A novel analysis framework of the output regulation is proposed to design a dynamic state feedback control law for containment error and distributed observer when the agents cannot receive external system signal,which guarantees the convergence of all follower agents to the dynamic convex hull spanned by the leaders.The system stability for time-delay containment is proved by the output regulation method instead of the Lyapunov method.Finally,a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.

A Real-time Monitoring and Early Warning System for Landslides in Southwest China

Landslides not only cause property losses,but also kill and injure large numbers of people every year in the mountainous areas. These losses and casualties may be avoided to some extent by early warning systems for landslides. In this paper, a realtime monitoring network and a computer-aided automatic early warning system(EWS) are presented with details of their design and an example of application in the Longjingwan landslide, Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province. Then, according to principle simple method of landslide prediction, the setting of alarm levels and the design of appropriate counter-measures are presented. A four-level early warning system(Zero, Outlook, Attention and Warning) has been adopted, and the velocity threshold was selected as the main warning threshold for the landslide occurrence, but expert judgment is included in the EWS to avoid false alarms. A case study shows the applicability and reliability for landslide risk management, and recommendations are presented for other similar projects.

Spatial Density Distributions and Correlations in a Quasi-one-Dimensional Polydisperse Granular Gas

By Monte Carlo simulations, the effect of the dispersion of particle size distribution on the spatial density distributions and correlations of a quasi one-dimensional polydisperse granular gas with fractal size distribution is investigated in the same inelasticity. The dispersive degree of the particle size distribution can be measured by a fractal dimension dr, and the smooth particles are constrained to move along a circle of length L, colliding inelastically with each other and thermalized by a viscosity heat bath. When the typical relaxation time τ of the driving Brownian process is longer than the mean collision time To, the system can reach a nonequilibrium steady state. The average energy of the system decays exponentially with time towards a stable asymptotic value, and the energy relaxation time τB to the steady state becomes shorter with increasing values of df. In the steady state, the spatial density distribution becomes more clusterized as df increases, which can be quantitatively characterized by statistical entropy of the system. Furthermore, the spatial correlation functions of density and velocities are found to be a power-law form for small separation distance of particles, and both of the correlations become stronger with the increase of df. Also, tile density clusterization is explained from the correlations.

Improved Consensus Speed for Discrete-Time Multi-agent Systems

The consensus problem of a linear discrete-time multi- agent system with directed communication topologies was investigated. A protocol was designed to solve consensus with an improved convergence speed achieved by designing protocol gains. The clo6ed-loop multi.agent system converged to an expected type of consensus function, which was divided into four types： zero, non- zero constant vector, bounded trajectories, and ramp trajectories. An algorithm was further provided to construct the protocol gains, which were determined in terms of a classical pole placement algorithm and a modified algebraic Riccati equation. Finally, an example to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results was presented.

The Conformity Utilization of Ceramic Culture Native Digital Resources Based On the Concept of WEB3.0

In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system, With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development and utilization is especially important. The idea of Web3.0 make important ceramic culture network native digital resources ＂reasonable configuration＂, t o be more embody the value of academic research. In this paper, we＇ll discuss the conformity utilization of ceramic culture native digital resources based on the concept of WEB3.0.

生成语法与汉语研究三十年

本文评述了过去三十年间国际上运用生成语法理论框架探讨汉语语言现象的研究成果,重点放在话题结构、量词短语、疑问句式、时体系统和近期动向五个议题上。本文通过回顾指出,基于汉语的生成语法研究的最大贡献在于,让国际语言学界对整个人类语言的复杂性有了更为深刻的认识。本文进一步指出,有关汉语理论研究的诸多争论表明,要解决语言理论和语言事实之间的张力,语言学研究者不应只停留在理论分析层面,更应借助实际语料进行实证研究。这不但符合乔姆斯基一贯将语言学视为科学的基本精神,也是国际语言学界目前的一大研究趋向。

CONSENSUS DESIGN FOR CONTINUOUS-TIME MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS WITH COMMUNICATION DELAY

This paper investigates a consensus design problem for continuous-time first-order multiagent systems with uniform constant communication delay.Provided that the agent dynamic is unstable and the diagraph is undirected,sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee consensus.The key technique is the adoption of historical input information in the protocol.Especially,when agent's own historical input information is used in the protocol design,the consensus condition is constructed in terms of agent dynamic,communication delay,and the eigenratio of the network topology.Simulation result is presented to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.

Out-of-time-order correlation for many-body localization

In this paper we first compute the out-of-time-order correlators （OTOC） for both a phenomenological model and a random-field XXZ model in the many-body localized phase. We show that the OTOC decreases in power law in a many-body localized system at the scrambling time. We also find that the OTOC can also be used to distinguish a many-body localized phase from an Anderson localized phase, while a normal correlator cannot. Furthermore, we prove an exact theorem that relates the growth of the second Renyi entropy in the quench dynamics to the decay of the OTOC in equilibrium. This theorem works for a generic quantum system. We discuss various implications of this theorem.

A distal-lock electromagnetic targeting device for intramedullary nailing： Suggestions and clinical experience

Purpose： To describe our clinical experience with a system named SureShorTM Distal Targeting （Smith ＆ Nephew, Memphis, USA） based on magnetic field presence and discuss our suggestions on this technique. Methods： We analysed prospectively 47 patients affected by humeral, tibial or femoral fractures, treated in our institution during a 3-year period of time （August 2010 to September 2013）. We considered the following parameters： the time to set up, the time to position a single screw, the effectiveness of the system （drilling ad screwing）, the irradiation exposure time during distal locking procedure and surgical complications. Results： A total number of 96 screws were inserted. The mean preparation time of the device was 5.1 min _＋ 2 min （range 3 10 min）. The mean time for single screw targeting was 5.8 min ± 2.3 min （range 4-18 min）. No major complications occurred. Only a few locking procedures were needed to be practiced in order to obtain the required expertise with this targeting device. Conclusion： According to our results, this device is reliable and valid whenever the correct technique is followed. It is also user friendly, exposes to lower radiation and needs less surgical time compared to relative data from the literature. However, the surgeon should always be aware of how to use the free hand technique in case of malfunctioning of the system.