基于综合判识与时变数值模拟的高渗条带定量描述方法

中高渗砂岩储层经过长期注水开发,局部区域会出现高渗透条带,造成大量注入水低效无效循环,使注水效率降低,研究高渗条带定量描述方法可改善特高含水油田开发效果,降低油田开发成本。从特高含水期高渗条带表征参数入手,分析各参数对高渗条带的影响作用,应用综合判识方法建立高渗条带综合判识指数计算模型,在时变地质模型以及数值模拟历史拟合的基础上,计算各网格的综合判识指数,结合矿场密闭取心井及动态监测资料确定高渗条带判识标准,最终实现了特高含水期各级别高渗条带定量描述。典型井描述结果与取芯结果一致,方法可靠。描述结果可为特高含水开发期剩余油挖潜对策的制定奠定基础。

考虑时变性的超大悬挑结构与其支撑体系共同工作的研究

以某超大悬挑结构及其组合式高支撑体系为研究对象。该支撑体系是一种由型钢和钢管通过扣件连接组成的新型施工支撑体系,这种支撑体系承载力高、刚度大,适合各种复杂的建筑结构形式。在考虑施工时变性的情况下,对悬挑结构与支撑体系的共同工作机理进行研究,找出随着结构的施工进度,支撑体系与结构之间的力的分配规律、结构自身以及支撑体系各杆件之间的力的分配和传递规律、进而建立可行的考虑结构参与工作的支撑体系的时变数值计算模型,为该新型支撑体系的承载力分析及结构的信息化施工提供参考。

海相砂岩油藏定量描述技术及开发策略——以文昌Z油田为例

文昌Z油田经过二十年的开发,层内层间物性差异大,大部分生产井采用多井合采方式导致剩余油分布较为复杂,定量描述剩余油难度大。以Z油田ZJ1-4U油组为例,利用地质精细描述、剩余油定量描述及时变数值模拟,对剩余油分布进行精细研究,形成一套海相砂岩油藏剩余油定量描述的研究技术。通过油藏剩余油定量描述研究技术,挖掘油田内部潜力,提出加密调整方案,投产后取得良好效果,表明海相砂岩油藏定量描述技术可实施性较高,为类似油藏下步挖潜提供新方法新思路。

基于无监督机器学习的流场分级方法研究——以D油田为例

目前我国大量老油田已进入特高含水期,储层在水驱过程中形成流场,流场内注入水存在大量的无效循环,驱油效率低,正确的流场评价成为高含水油藏挖潜措施之一。针对高含水油田长时间注入水冲刷导致储层物性时变这一现象,引入水相驱替通量,建立储层渗透率及相对渗透率随水相驱替通量变化的渗流模型,形成时变数值模拟技术。在考虑驱替效率及注入水冲刷程度的基础上,提出以油通比作为指标对流场进行分级评价。引入无监督机器学习算法,采用轮廓系数对分类数进行优选,确定流场分级的最佳分级类别及边界,克服人为主观影响。将建立的时变数值模拟及无监督机器学习流场分级方法应用于D油田,在确定流场分级的基础上,进一步制定产液结构调整策略,可有效提高油田采收率3.44个百分点。该方法为高含水油田流场评价及优势通道刻画提供了一种新思路。

Poststack reverse-time migration using a non-reflecting recursive algorithm on surface relief

Presently the research based on the accurate seismic imaging methods for surface relief, complex structure, and complicated velocity distributions is of great significance. Reverse-time migration is considered to be one of highly accurate methods. In this paper, we propose a new non-reflecting recursive algorithm for reverse-time migration by introducing the wave impedance function into the acoustic wave equation and the algorithm for the surface relief case is derived from the coordinate transformation principle. Using the exploding reflector principle and the zero-time imaging condition of poststack reverse- time migration, poststack numerical simulation and reverse-time migration with complex conditions can be realized. The results of synthetic and real data calculations show that the method effectively suppresses unwanted internal reflections and also deals with the seismic imaging problems resulting from surface relief. So, we prove that this method has strong adaptability and practicality.

Numerical modeling of the 2D time-domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source of the current excitation

To effectively minimize the electromagnetic field response in the total field solution, we propose a numerical modeling method for the two-dimensional （2D） time- domain transient electromagnetic secondary field of the line source based on the DuFort- Frankel finite-difference method. In the proposed method, we included the treatment of the earth-air boundary conductivity, calculated the normalized partial derivative of the induced electromotive force （Emf）, and determined the forward time step. By extending upward the earth-air interface to the air grid nodes and the zero-value boundary conditions, not only we have a method that is more efficient but also simpler than the total field solution. We computed and analyzed the homogeneous half-space model and the fiat layered model with high precision--the maximum relative error is less than 0.01% between our method and the analytical method--and the solution speed is roughly three times faster than the total-field solution. Lastly, we used the model of a thin body embedded in a homogeneous half-space at different delay times to depict the downward and upward spreading characteristics of the induced eddy current, and the physical interaction processes between the electromagnetic field and the underground low-resistivity body.

A unified constitutive model for multiphase precipitation and multi-stage creep ageing behavior of Al−Li−S4 alloy

A unified constitutive model is presented to predict the recently observed“multi-stage”creep behavior of Al−Li−S4 alloy.The corresponding microstructural variables related to the yield strength and creep deformation of the alloy during the creep ageing process,including dislocations and multiple precipitates,have been characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).For the yield strength,the model considers the multiphase strengthening behavior of the alloy based on strengthening mechanisms,which includes shearable T1 precipitate strengthening,non-shearable T1 precipitate strengthening andθ′precipitate strengthening.Based on creep deformation mechanism,the“multi-stage”creep behavior of the alloy is predicted by introducing the effects of interacting microstructural variables,including the radius of multiple precipitates,dislocation density and solute concentration,into the creep stress−strain model.It is concluded that the results calculated by the model are in a good agreement with the experimental data,which validates the proposed model.

A Novel Method for Banks to Monitor the Cumulative Loss Due to Defaults

Banking institutions all over the world face significant challenge due to the cumulative loss due to defaults of borrowers of different types of loans. The cumulative default loss built up over a period of time could wipe out the capital cushion of the banks. The aim of this paper is to help the banks to forecast the cumulative loss and its volatility. Defaulting amounts are random and defaults occur at random instants of time. A non Markovian time dependent random point process is used to model the cumulative loss. The expected loss and volatility are evaluated analytically. They are functions of probability of default, probability of loss amount, recovery rate and time. Probability of default being the important contributor is evaluated using Hidden Markov modeling. Numerical results obtained validate the model.

Coupling model for calculating prestress loss caused by relaxation loss,shrinkage,and creep of concrete

The calculation model for the relaxation loss of concrete mentioned in the Code for Design of Highway Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Bridges and Culverts(JTG D62—2004) was modified according to experimental data. Time-varying relaxation loss was considered in the new model. Moreover, prestressed reinforcement with varying lengths(caused by the shrinkage and creep of concrete) might influence the final values and the time-varying function of the forecast relaxation loss. Hence, the effects of concrete shrinkage and creep were considered when calculating prestress loss, which reflected the coupling relation between these effects and relaxation loss in concrete. Hence, the forecast relaxation loss of prestressed reinforcement under the effects of different initial stress levels at any time point can be calculated using the modified model. To simplify the calculation, the integral expression of the model can be changed into an algebraic equation. The accuracy of the result is related to the division of the periods within the ending time of deriving the final value of the relaxation loss of prestressed reinforcement. When the time division is reasonable, result accuracy is high. The modified model works excellently according to the comparison of the test results. The calculation result of the modified model mainly reflects the prestress loss values of prestressed reinforcement at each time point, which confirms that adopting the finding in practical applications is reasonable.

Approximating the Spectral Abscissa for Switched Linear Systems via Coordinate Transformations

In this paper,an approach of square coordinate transformation is proposed to approximate the spectral abscissa for continuous-time switched linear systems.By applying elementary transformations iteratively,a series of minimums of least μ1 matrix set measures are obtained,which are utilized to approximate the spectral abscissa of the switched system.The approach is developed into tractable numerical algorithms that provide upper bound estimates of the spectral abscissa.Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Impacts of wind stress on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary

The observation at the Chongxi gauging station indicated the salinity of saltwater spilling over from the North Branch to the South Branch increased abnormally from November 10 to 12 in 2009 (during neap tide) and from February 11 to 12 in 2010 (during moderate tide).We found for the first time that the strong northerly wind was responsible for the above abnormal salinity increase.Previous studies indicated that the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary is influenced mainly by the river discharge,the tide,and the wind stress,but the impacts of variations of wind speed and direction on it have not been investigated.In this study the impacts of wind stress on the saltwater intrusion were numerically simulated and the associated mechanisms were analyzed.The model results were consistent with the observed data obtained at six gauging stations during February and March in 2007 and four gauging stations in March 2008,and the abnormal salinity risings were well captured.Meanwhile,if the wind speed is reduced by half,the salinity there will be significantly decreased.Driven by the monthly mean river discharge of 11000 m 3 /s and northerly wind of 5 m/s from January to February,the model simulated the temporal and spatial variation of saltwater intrusion.The wind-driven circulation,as well as the net water and salt fluxes from the North Branch into the South Branch,was calculated and analyzed in the cases of different wind speeds and directions.The results indicated that the intensity of the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary is significantly influenced by the wind speeds and directions.

Temporal behavior of low-amplitude two-photon screening-photovoltaic grey spatial solitons

The time-dependent formation of one-dimensional two-photon screening-photovoltaic(PV) grey spatial solitons under low-amplitude conditions is presented theoretically.The time-dependent propagation equation of two-photon screeningphotovoltaic solitons is obtained by the numerical method.The results indicate that as the time evolves,the intensity width of grey screening-photovoltaic spatial solitons decreases monotonously to a minimum value towards the steady state.The higher the ratio of soliton peak intensity to the dark irradiation intensity,the narrower the width of grey solitons within the propagation time.

Venus round trip using solar sail

Trajectory optimization and simulation is performed for Venus round trip (VeRT) mission using solar sail propulsion. Solar gravity is included but atmospheric drag and shadowing effects are neglected in the planet-centered escape and capture stages. The spacecraft starts from the Geostationary orbit (GEt) at a predetermined time to prepare a good initial condition for the Earth-Venus transfer, although the launch window is not an issue for spacecraft with solar sails. The Earth-Venus phase and the return trip are divided into three segments. Two methods are adopted to maintain the mission trajectory for the VeRT mis- sion and then compared through a numerical simulation. According to the first approach, Planet-centered and heliocentric ma- neuvers are modeled using a set of blended analytical control laws instead of the optimal control techniques. The second pro- cedure is the Direct Attitude Angle Optimization in which the attitude angles of the solar sail are adopted as the optimization variables during the heliocentric transfer. Although neither of the two methods guarantees a globally optimal trajectory, they are more efficient and will produce a near-optimal solution if employed properly. The second method has produced a better result for the minimum-time transfer of the VeRT mission demonstrating the effectiveness of the methods in the preliminary design of the complex optimal interplanetary orbit transfers.

The effect of diffusion loss on the time-varying giant Panda population

It has been certificated that corridors can help giant pandas to keep their habitat from fragmenting. However there are still losses during the process of moving along corridors. In this study, a mathematical model with Allee effect is carried out to describe the diffusion of giant pandas between n patches. Some criteria are obtained to keep the system persisting. It is proved that the system has a unique positive w-periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable. The ecological meanings of these findings are discussed following the results. And some numerical simulations in the Qinling Mountain giant panda nature reservation area are also presented in the end.

Some Open Problems on Simultaneous Stabilization of Linear Systems

Simultaneous stabilization of linear systems is a fundamental issue in the system and control theory, and is of theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the authors review the recent research progress and the state-of-art results on simultaneous stabilization of single-input single-output linear time-invariant systems. Especially, the authors list the ever best results on the parameters involved in the well known ＂French Champagne Problem＂ and ＂Belgian Chocolate Problem＂ from the point of view of mathematical theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. And the authors observed that Boston claimed the lower bound of 5 can be enlarged to 0.976461 in 2012 is not accurate. The authors hope it will inspire further study on simultaneous stabilization of several linear systems.