It is suggested that the multiple samples in a correlation map or a set of correlation maps should be examined with significance tests as per the Bernoulli probability model. Therefore, both the contemporaneous and la...It is suggested that the multiple samples in a correlation map or a set of correlation maps should be examined with significance tests as per the Bernoulli probability model. Therefore, both the contemporaneous and lag correlations of summertime precipitation R in any one of the three regions of Northern China （NC）, the Changjiang-Huaihe River Valley （CHRV）, and Southern China （SC） with the SSTA in the global domain have been tested in the present article, using our significance test method and the method proposed by Livezey and Chen （1983） respectively. Our results demonstrate that the contemporaneous correlations of sum- mer R in CHRV with the SSTA are larger than those in NC. Significant correlations of SSTA with CHRV R are found to be in some warm SST regions in the tropics, whereas those of SSTA with NC R, which are opposite in sign as compared to the SSTA-CHRVR correlations, are found to be in some regions where the mean SSTs are low. In comparison with the patterns of the contemporaneous correlations, the 1 to 12 month lag correlations between NC R and SSTA, and those between CHRV summer R and SSTA show similar patterns, including the magnitudes and signs, and the spatial distributions of the coefficients. However, the summer rainfall in SC is not well correlated with the SSTA, no matter how long the lag interval is. The results derived from the observations have set up a relationship frame connecting the precipitation anomalies in NC, CHRV, and SC with the SSTA in the global domain, which is critically useful for our understanding and predicting the climate variabilities in different parts of China. Both NC and CHRV summer R are connected with E1 Nifio events, showing a ‘- -＇pattern in an E1 Nifio year and a‘＋ ＋＇ pattern in the subsequent year. Key words summer precipitation; eastern China; global sea surface展开更多
Mortality of the overwintering egg of the migratory locust, Locustamigratoria L., was attributed to chill injury because of its occurrence well above the egg' ssupercooling point. In this study, two parameters, up...Mortality of the overwintering egg of the migratory locust, Locustamigratoria L., was attributed to chill injury because of its occurrence well above the egg' ssupercooling point. In this study, two parameters, upper limit of chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and sumof the injurious temperature (SIT), were used to examine the locust egg's cold hardiness. The valueof ULCIZ for the locust egg is 1.06 ± 0.54℃, and the SIT is -329.7 (hour ? degree). Thesuperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities changed dramatically after cold stress,indicating that oxygen and hydroxide free radicals are probably efficiently detoxified at lowtemperatures. It was suggested that the nature of chill injury in locust egg might be a complex ofmetabolic disorder and a non-proportional decrease in enzymatic reaction and transports, because theLDH activity at low temperature increased significantly and the ATPase activity decreased withprolonged duration of exposure to low temperatures. The results from high temperature interruptionrevealed that the high temperature intervals significantly increased the survival of locust eggs.展开更多
基金supported by the project ‘the Weather Cause of Formation for Blizzard Hazard in South China’ from the Ministry of ScienceTechnology National Technological Support Project (2008BAC48B02).
文摘It is suggested that the multiple samples in a correlation map or a set of correlation maps should be examined with significance tests as per the Bernoulli probability model. Therefore, both the contemporaneous and lag correlations of summertime precipitation R in any one of the three regions of Northern China （NC）, the Changjiang-Huaihe River Valley （CHRV）, and Southern China （SC） with the SSTA in the global domain have been tested in the present article, using our significance test method and the method proposed by Livezey and Chen （1983） respectively. Our results demonstrate that the contemporaneous correlations of sum- mer R in CHRV with the SSTA are larger than those in NC. Significant correlations of SSTA with CHRV R are found to be in some warm SST regions in the tropics, whereas those of SSTA with NC R, which are opposite in sign as compared to the SSTA-CHRVR correlations, are found to be in some regions where the mean SSTs are low. In comparison with the patterns of the contemporaneous correlations, the 1 to 12 month lag correlations between NC R and SSTA, and those between CHRV summer R and SSTA show similar patterns, including the magnitudes and signs, and the spatial distributions of the coefficients. However, the summer rainfall in SC is not well correlated with the SSTA, no matter how long the lag interval is. The results derived from the observations have set up a relationship frame connecting the precipitation anomalies in NC, CHRV, and SC with the SSTA in the global domain, which is critically useful for our understanding and predicting the climate variabilities in different parts of China. Both NC and CHRV summer R are connected with E1 Nifio events, showing a ‘- -＇pattern in an E1 Nifio year and a‘＋ ＋＇ pattern in the subsequent year. Key words summer precipitation; eastern China; global sea surface
文摘Mortality of the overwintering egg of the migratory locust, Locustamigratoria L., was attributed to chill injury because of its occurrence well above the egg' ssupercooling point. In this study, two parameters, upper limit of chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and sumof the injurious temperature (SIT), were used to examine the locust egg's cold hardiness. The valueof ULCIZ for the locust egg is 1.06 ± 0.54℃, and the SIT is -329.7 (hour ? degree). Thesuperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities changed dramatically after cold stress,indicating that oxygen and hydroxide free radicals are probably efficiently detoxified at lowtemperatures. It was suggested that the nature of chill injury in locust egg might be a complex ofmetabolic disorder and a non-proportional decrease in enzymatic reaction and transports, because theLDH activity at low temperature increased significantly and the ATPase activity decreased withprolonged duration of exposure to low temperatures. The results from high temperature interruptionrevealed that the high temperature intervals significantly increased the survival of locust eggs.
