关于经济学时间概念及经济时空分析框架的思考

经济学时间框架是一定经济学思想体系所依赖的时间背景条件,它限定着相应逻辑分析的解释边界。古典经济学的时间背景包括历史时间和作为资源的时间,新古典经济学的主要时间背景是机械力学的静态时间,演化和新制度经济学的时间背景转变到热力学与进化论交集的时间,而目前仍存在的尺度缺失制约着经济学的时空分析能力。作者认为,经济学应该学习借鉴相对论和社会学的时空观,补充构建基于即期相对时间并结合经济时空场域的新一代分析框架。新框架有利于经济学在分析现实世界中选用更合适的逻辑时间概念,突破传统静态分析范式,从只聚焦于均衡时点转变到真正关注过程。同时,放松过于严格的理性经济人假设条件,更好地达成主观与客观的一致性。

经济学时间概念及经济时空分析

众所周知,经济学时间框架依赖着时间背景且具有一定的经济学思想逻辑,它对于解释边界有限制作用,而古典经济学与新古典经济学的距离便是时间背景不同,古典的时间背景既拥有历史时间又有资源时间,新古典主要突出的是静态时间,缺少制约能力.为了更好的研究经济学时间概念及经济时空分析,提出认为经济学应学习借鉴其他方面的时空观,像相对论、社会学,并寻找新一代分析框架,这种新框架更助于分析合适的经济学时间概念,突破了旧有的静态分析模式,从某个聚焦点转变为全局关注,同时,对于理性经济人假设的条件转变自我思维,将主观与客观进行有效结合.

Understanding Changing in Traditional Agricultural Landscapes： Towards a Framework

Since the second half of the 20th century in Italy, following farming conversion or abandonment, many traditional agricultural systems and the connected landscapes along with them have disappeared. We discuss a conceptual framework to understand and describe changing in agricultural landscapes. According to us, the traditionality of the agricultural landscape is an expression of the local coevolution between the social project of the farmer and the constraints made by the natural system. The paper focuses on defining a spatial-temporal analytical model based on both the morphological recognition of different typologies of elements which contribute to the environmental landscape mosaic and the dynamic observation of the transformations of the mosaic itself. We identify the natural, social and economic driving forces involved in defining the agricultural space using a transdisciplinary approach so that ecological, agronomics and socio-economical information must be integrated as a basis for land use planning and management. The research approach and the methodology are applied to a couple of case studies.