基于CEEMDAN和改进轻量化时空网络的刀具状态监测

针对刀具退化特征提取困难和传统时空网络模型参数多等问题,提出了基于自适应噪声完备经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和改进轻量化时空网络(BiLSTM-SN-ECA)的刀具磨损监测模型。首先,将刀具振动信号经CEEMADAN分解得到若干模态分量,将模态分量与振动信号结合,构造特征矩阵;其次,利用ECA改进ShuffleNetv2基本单元,并优化ShuffleNetv2整体结构,构造BiLSTM-SN-ECA网络模型;最后,将特征矩阵输入模型进行特征学习与磨损预测。所提方法预测值的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为1.246μm和2.065μm,结果表明该方法在减少传统时空网络模型参数量与训练时间的同时,提高了预测准确度。

中国式现代化道路时空研究及研究展望

中国式现代化道路不仅是中国共产党初心与使命的体现,也是实现中华民族伟大复兴梦的必由之路,更是人类文明新形态的全新探索。系统把握中国式现代化道路的成长轨迹与发展脉络,有利于全面把握中国式现代化道路的内涵、特点以及世界意义。利用Citespace可视化软件,通过时空量化的研究视角,采用关键词共现聚类的呈现形式,全面展现近年来学术界关于中国式现代化道路的研究,并对研究过程中出现的问题提出一些可行性对策。

降雨时空分布量化及其在洪水过程分类中的应用

洪水过程是水利工程运行管理、防洪调度决策的重要依据,降雨的空间分布和降雨雨型是影响洪水过程形成的主要驱动因素。本文旨在采用描述降雨时空分布的量化指标,分析降雨时空分布特征与洪水过程的联系,探索量化指标在洪水过程分类中的应用。基于大清河流域北支紫荆关和南支阜平流域68场降雨洪水资料,计算了降雨一、二阶空间矩和一、二阶时间矩,分析了降雨时空分布特征对洪水过程线形状的影响,依据降雨时空特征信息采用K-medoids聚类分析法对洪水分类。结果表明:采用的降雨时空分布量化指标能够准确刻画两个流域的降雨中心空间分布和降雨雨峰时间分布。基于降雨时空特征指标的洪水聚类分析得到的不同洪水类型特征显著,两个流域的洪水主要有3种代表性类型,即尖瘦型、多洪峰长历时型和矮胖型洪水过程。研究结果验证了仅将降雨时空分布特征作为洪水分类依据的可行性,展示了其应用于流域洪水过程分类的潜力,降低了传统洪水过程分类方法对洪水数据的依赖性。本研究可为分析流域洪水形成过程的驱动因素、预测无资料流域洪水类型及揭示流域产汇流机理等提供科学依据。

从溺谷湾到三角洲:现代珠江三角洲形成演变研究辨析

现代珠江三角洲经历了从溺谷湾到三角洲的形成演变,富有区域特色。本文提出百余年来珠江三角洲的研究可归纳为4种范式:历史描述、实地考察−学术推理、器测−学科理论和“动力−沉积−地貌”跨尺度范式,各以范例说明。基于笔者及其团队研究,对现有文献关于珠江三角洲形成演变若干重要观点提出不同意见并从多视角作必要辨析,包括:海侵盛期以来千年尺度三角洲岸线位置变化,现代珠江三角洲形成演变的模式和三角洲干流河段形成过程与机理。最后对三角洲研究中的多学科、跨尺度和时空量化做了简要讨论。

生态文明价值范式转换下的城市生态空间绩效研究

秉承"哲学为基础、科学理论为依据、技术为手段"的评价等级体系,在自然内在价值与外在价值共存的生态价值认知范式下,以生态学理论为依据构建以内、外绩效为主体的城市生态空间绩效评价体系和内、外绩效协调度模型,以及绩效发展强度模型,并在GIS技术支撑下实现量化结果的空间化表达。实例证明可得到城市生态空间绩效与协调性的数量结构特征与时空变化特点,可识别高效的生态空间格局、定位低效空间,能从数量分布与空间分布方面更全面地了解城市生态空间的质量,协助判断城市发展的趋势。以期为城市评价工作提供新的视角,为城市生态空间质量的监督、监测提供一种可更新、可视化的时空量化方法。

Citespace视角下边疆民族地区治理研究

边疆民族地区是我国构建现代化体系的重要环节。当前世界正处于百年未有之大变局,国内正处于中华民族伟大复兴的战略征程。如何推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化向边疆民族地区延伸,如何促进边疆民族地区治理研究三大体系的构建,成为当前学术界研究的热点话题之一。本文利用Citespace可视化软件,采用时空量化的方法,通过作者共现图谱、机构共现图谱以及关键词共现聚类图谱,再现学术界近年来关于边疆民族地区治理研究的历史演进和前沿动向,发现发文作者与研究机构缺乏合作、研究视角过于局限、研究范围过于片面等现实问题。因此,应加强作者与研究机构之间的合作、创新研究视角、扩展研究范围,为学科体系、学术体系、话语体系的构建奠定坚实基础。

Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration Change and Its Impact Factors in Australia

[ Objective] To discuss regional response of reference evapotranspiration （ ETo ） to global climate change and its influencing factors. [Method] Penman-Monteith equation was adopted to calculate ET0 in Australia from 1998 to 2007. Spatiotemporal change characteristics were analyzed by using GIS spatial analysis tools and relationships between ETo and main climate factors were also analyzed. [ Resultsl The results showed that multi-year average ET0 increased from the east and south part to the northwest part and inland, and its distribution was consistent with climate zones. Multi-year average ETo of the whole region was 1 750 mm, obtaining minimum and maximum values in 2000 and 2002 respectively. Regional ETo decreased in the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter; January and December got the highest monthly ET0, while June got the lowest value 79.55 mm. ETo positively correlated with mean temperature and solar radiation, R2 for each were 0.83 and 0.94, while the relationship between ETo and average relative humidity was negative, and precipitation had no significant relationship with ET0. [ Conclusion] This research could provide important reference for crop water requirement study and making irrigation method for Australia.

Citespace视角下农业生态经济研究

随着全面夺取建成小康社会任务的伟大胜利,乡村振兴也成为党和国家关注的重点民生工程之一。面对日益复杂的乡村社会结构以及多元化的利益主体诉求,大力开发农村生态功能,激活农业生态经济体系已十分必要。本文利用Citespace可视化软件,采用时空量化的方式,通过关键词共现聚类、关键词时区突显等方式,再现近年来学术界关于农业生态经济的研究。通过Cnki核心数据库关于农业生态经济的822篇有效文献的分析,发现学者与研究机构缺乏合作、学科单一化现象明显、理论体系不健全等困境。因此应加大学者与研究机构的合作、促进跨学科合作、健全理论体系。

Temporal Variations of Water Discharge and Sediment Load of Huanghe River,China

Based on the data from gauging stations, the changes in water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe （Yellow） River were analyzed by using the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） method. The results show that the periodic oscillation of water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River occurs at the interannual, decadal, and multi-decadal scales, caused by the periodic oscillations of precipitation, and E1 Nifio/Southern Oscillation （ENSO） af- fects water discharge by influencing precipitation distribution and contributes to periodic varations in precipitation and water discharge at interannual timescale. The water discharge and sediment load of the Huanghe River have decreased since the 1960s under the influence of precipitation and huamn activities, and human activities attribute more than precipitation to the reduction in the water discharge and sediment load, furthermore, water abstraction and water-soil conservation practices are the main causes of the decrease in water discharge and sediment load, respectively. The reduction in sediment load has directly impacted on the lower reaches of the Huanghe River and the river delta, causing considerable erosion of the river channel in the lower reaches since the 1970s along with River Delta changing siltation into erosion around 2000.

Temporal Variations in Carbon Stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent Forests of Himachal Pradesh,India

The present study was conducted in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh covering an area of about 57,158 ha. The aim was to estimate and assess the temporal change in carbon stock of the Chil Working Circle, in two forest ranges of the Division, Solan and Dharampur, over the period of 1956-2011. The inventory data of the working plans of Solan Forest Division from 1956-1957, 1984-1985 and 2002-2003 were used in the present study while field data for biomass estimation was collected for the year 2011.The results showed a declining trend in carbon stock over 1956-1984 period, however, an increasing trend over 1984-2002 was observed, which showed a further increase for the period 2002-2011. These fluctuating trends in the forest carbon stock can be related to increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests and the subsequent introduction of a ban on green felling envisaging efficient forest management, both of which affect the forest carbon pool significantly.

Global Water Vapor Content Decreases from 2003 to 2012： An Analysis Based on MODIS Data

Water vapor in the earth′s upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in the radiative balance, hydrological process, and climate change. Based on the latest moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) data, this study probes the spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content in the past decade. It is found that overall the global water vapor content declined from 2003 to 2012(slope b = –0.0149, R = 0.893, P = 0.0005). The decreasing trend over the ocean surface(b = –0.0170, R = 0.908, P = 0.0003) is more explicit than that over terrestrial surface(b = –0.0100, R = 0.782, P = 0.0070), more significant over the Northern Hemisphere(b = –0.0175, R = 0.923, P = 0.0001) than that over the Southern Hemisphere(b = –0.0123, R = 0.826, P = 0.0030). In addition, the analytical results indicate that water vapor content are decreasing obviously between latitude of 36°N and 36°S(b = 0.0224, R = 0.892, P = 0.0005), especially between latitude of 0°N and 36°N(b = 0.0263, R = 0.931, P = 0.0001), while the water vapor concentrations are increasing slightly in the Arctic regions(b = 0.0028, R = 0.612, P = 0.0590). The decreasing and spatial variation of water vapor content regulates the effects of carbon dioxide which is the main reason of the trend in global surface temperatures becoming nearly flat since the late 1990 s. The spatio-temporal variations of water vapor content also affect the growth and spatial distribution of global vegetation which also regulates the global surface temperature change, and the climate change is mainly caused by the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system. A big data model based on gravitational-magmatic change with the solar or the galactic system is proposed to be built for analyzing how the earth's orbit position in the solar and galaxy system affects spatio-temporal variations of global water vapor content, vegetation and temperature at large spatio-temporal scale. This comprehensive examination of water vapor changes promises a holistic understanding of the global climate change and potential underlying mechanisms.

Temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of macroalgal communities along the Yantai coast, China

To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted monthly at four sites along the coast: Jiahe River estuary, Zhifu Island, Fisherman's Wharf, and Yangma Island. The species composition and abundance, and their relationship with environmental variables were assessed. Along the Yantai coast, 35 macroalgae species were identifi ed, including 24 Rhodophyta spp., 7 Chlorophyta, and 4 Phaeophyta spp. Highest species numbers were recorded in the summer at all sampling sites, except in the Jiahe River estuary. Macroalgae biomass was the greatest in the summer. Year-round, the highest species number and dry biomass recorded at Fisherman's Wharf and Yangma Island was attributed to the substrate type. In summer, Ulva pertusa Kjellman was the dominant species identifi ed along the Yantai coast, which indicates a risk of macroalgae blooms. Our results show that seawater temperature and nutrients appear to signifi cantly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of macroalgal abundance along the Yantai coast. The effects of environmental variables on the macroalgae on the Yantai coast need further study.

Historical temporal variation in precipitation over Western Himalayan Region：1857-2006

This study has examined the temporal variation in monthly, seasonal & annual precipitation over the Western Himalayan Region(WHR) and the influence of global teleconnections, like the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and Southern Oscillation(SO) Indices on seasonal & annual precipitation. The Mann–Kendall non-parametric test is applied for trend detection and the Pettitt–Mann–Whitney test is used to detect possible shift. Maximum entropy spectral analysis is applied to find the periodicity in annual & seasonal precipitation. The study shows a non-significant decreasing trend in annual precipitation over WHR for the period 1857-2006. However, in seasonal precipitation, a significant decreasing trend is observed in monsoon and a significant increasing trend in post-monsoon season during the same period. The significant decrease in monsoon precipitation may be due to weakening of its teleconnection with NAO as well as SO Indices mainly during last three decades. It is observed that the probable change of year in annual & monsoon precipitation over WHR is 1979. The study also shows significant periodicities of 2.3-2.9 years and of 3.9-4.7 years in annual & seasonal precipitation over WHR.

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Daily Ranges of the Geomagnetic Vertical Component in the Chinese Mainland

In this paper, we use the daily ranges of the vertical magnetic intensity of approximately 76 geomagnetic stations from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010 to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of Z ranges. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Temporally, we use regressive analysis and FFT analysis to analyze the data. The results show that the Z component daily ranges of all stations have an obvious cyclical variation, the computed Fourier spectra of all data sets have clearly resolved the required periodicities in the data, in the form of distinct peaks at days 365, 183, 22, and 73, and the power spectra of day 365 is the highest in all periods. (2) In terms of spatial variation, the daily ranges show nonlinear variation with latitude in China. The results show the existence of a point of inflexion (maximal value point) nearby at about 25°N, the daily ranges of Z rise from 15°~25°N and have a good linear decrease variation along with 25°~50°N. (3) Compared with the spatial and temporal variations of Z daily ranges with the Sq current inversion, we found that the spatial and temporal characteristics of Z ranges are decided mainly by the spatio-temporal evolution of the Sq current system. (4) If the latitudes of the maximum amplitudes of variation of the vertical component in the geomagnetic quiet days are roughly taken as the latitudes corresponding to the foci of Sq overhead current system, we can see that these latitudes of foci become higher in summer, are lowest in winter and highest during Equinoxes, displaying conspicuous monthly and daily variations. For two successive geomagnetic quiet days, the latitudes of foci may vary ten degrees.

Spatial and temporal variations of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes in the Taiwan Strait,China

The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.

Quantifying Changes of Mobile Source Air Pollution in Metropolitan Areas Using Vehicle Emission Model MOVES

Vehicle emissions are one of the major sources of urban air pollution and are also called mobile source emissions. A large amount of gross vehicle emissions is generated by vehicles commuting between residential homes and the workplace. Homebuyers generally prefer to purchase residential houses that are relatively less expensive, albeit at the cost of relatively longer commuting times. Consumers usually consider additional travel time, fuel consumption, and other personally concerned factors, with less apprehension about the extra air pollution possibly generated. In cities with populations between 15,000 and 1,000,000, an increase of one additional minute of average commuting time is associated with a reduction of 1.9 dollars in housing price per square foot （p-value： 0.038）. To account for the generation of additional air pollution, this paper numerically characterizes factors related to air pollutants caused by additional travel time due to housing prices. Air pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO2, NO, NOx and SO2 as well as fuel consumption were estimated by MOVES （motor vehicle emissions simulator）. The results will be a useful reference to generate recommendations for more efficient reduction of mobile source air pollution in metropolitan areas through joint efforts by government, agencies, the public, and industry from multiple fields including environment protection, land use, housing markets, transportation management, and law enforcement.

Spatio-temporal Differences and Driving Forces of Air Quality in Chinese Cities

Deterioration of city air quality is the serious problem in the process of rapid urbanization and economic development in China. Taking 74 cities that have implemented the new Ambient Air Quality Standards （GB3095- 2012） since 2013 as examples, using statistical and ArcGIS spatial analysis method, the multi-scale temporal and spatial variations characteristics and the impact of social and economic factors on urban air quality variations, are analyzed in this paper. The main research conclusions are as follows：（1） Air quality in Chinese cities shows very significant seasonal variations, with higher air quality in summer and autumn, and lower air quality in spring and winter; （2） Seen from a daily pollution perspective, air pollution is very serious and will tend to be more serious in the future; （3） Seen from an hourly variation perspective, urban air quality is time coupled with social production and urban living; （4） The overall spatial pattern of urban air quality is high in the east and north and low in the west and south, but with an obvious trend towards regional integration. （5） Cities in different regions have different factors that cause air quality variations. In general, urbanization level and energy consumption per GDP are the common factors.

Chinese Cropland Quality and Its Temporal and Spatial Changes due to Urbanization in 2000–2015

The acceleration of urbanization has led to the occupation of more cropland, especially higher quality cropland, which could pose a huge threat to food security and have other implications for the inadequate cropland resource supply in China. Though the spatial status of Chinese cropland quality has been assessed, its temporal changes since 2000 to 2015 are still not clear. An accumulated probability distribution method was used to determine the criteria of cropland quality using the net primary production data product(MOD17) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS). Then the cropland quality of higher, median and lower production was spatially mapped and its changes due to occupation by urbanization were analyzed through the land use changes(LUCC) data primarily from Landsat TM images in the three periods of 2000–2005, 2005–2010, and 2010–2015.The results showed that of the total cropland reduction area the proportion taken by urbanization increased from47.29% in the early stage to 77.46% in the recent period. The quality of Chinese cropland was dominated by lowand medium-yield fields, accounting for 40.81% and 48.74%, respectively, with high-yield fields accounting for only 10.44% of the total cropland in the country in 2000. The high-yield areas have been seriously threatened by the expansion of construction land fields, with the ratio of high-yield area to total area occupied by urbanization increasing from 9.71% in 2000–2005 to 15.63% in 2010–2015. Spatially, this phenomenon has been moving from eastern and southern China to central and western China, especially in Northwest China where the ratio has arrived at the highest proportion, with 52.97% of high-yield cropland in the total land taken by the expansion by 2015. This study not only provides a method to assess cropland quality but also reveals the threatening trend from the expansion of urbanization on high-quality cropland. More attention should be paid to the latter in land use planning and policies made to prevent threats to food security from declines in both cropland quantity and quality.

Spatio-temporal changes in biomass carbon sinks in China's forests from 1977 to 2008

Forests play a leading role in regional and global carbon (C) cycles. Detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial changes in C sinks/sources of China's forests is critical to the estimation of the national C budget and can help to constitute sustainable forest management policies for climate change. In this study, we explored the spatio-temporal changes in forest biomass C stocks in China between 1977 and 2008, using six periods of the national forest inventory data. According to the definition of the forest inventory, China's forest was categorized into three groups: forest stand, economic forest, and bamboo forest. We estimated forest biomass C stocks for each inventory period by using continuous biomass expansion factor (BEF) method for forest stands, and the mean biomass density method for economic and bamboo forests. As a result, China's forests have accumulated biomass C (i.e., biomass C sink) of 1896 Tg (1Tg=1012g) during the study period, with 1710, 108 and 78 Tg C in forest stands, and economic and bamboo forests, respectively. Annual forest biomass C sink was 70.2 Tg Ca-1 , offsetting 7.8% of the contemporary fossil CO2 emissions in the country. The results also showed that planted forests have functioned as a persistent C sink, sequestrating 818 Tg C and accounting for 47.8% of total C sink in forest stands, and that the old-, mid- and young-aged forests have sequestrated 930, 391 and 388 Tg C from 1977 to 2008. Our results suggest that China's forests have a big potential as biomass C sink in the future because of its large area of planted forests with young-aged growth and low C density.

Eco-compensation in Guanting Reservoir Watershed Based on Spatiotemporal Variations of Water Yield and Purification Services

Guanting Reservoir（GR） is one of the most important water sources for Beijing and neighboring regions.Due to water pollution,it was withdrawn from the system to supply Beijing drinking water;however,after a thorough treatment process,GR was made a reserve water source since 2007.To develop a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of water yield and purification services in the GR watershed,this study selected two time periods：the period when GR was withdrawn from the system supplying local drinking water and the period that it has been designated a reserve water source.The In VEST model was used to evaluate the quantities of water yields,and total nitrogen and total phosphorus outputs from 1995 to 2010 Additionally,the spatiotemporal variations of water yield services and water quality purification services in the GR watershed were analyzed.The results showed that water yield services in the GR watershed first weakened and then became stronger,but weakened overall during the years 1995 to 2010.Water yield capacity in the basin decreased from 1.89×10^9 m3 in 1995 to 1.43×10^9 m3 in 2010（a drop of 24.0% in total）.Water quality purification services also showed the same tendency.Total nitrogen output decreased from 4028.7 t in 1995 to 3611.4 t in 2010,while total phosphorus decreased from 379.7 t in 1995 to 354.0 t in 2010.Nitrogen and phosphorus purification services were enhanced by 10.4% and 6.8%,respectively.Changes in the climate and land use were the main factors which lead to the changes in the water yield service in the GR watershed.Policies intended to protect water resource have matched the varying trends of water quality purification services during different periods.On one hand,the research results provide a foundation to identify key fields for eco-compensation in the Guanting Reservoir basin.On another hand,the ecosystem service value will increase on the basis of eco-compensation criteria through setting the scenarios of returning farmland to forest and ecological protection.This method directly reflects increases in ecosystem service values that have occurred since measures to protect the ecological environment have been implemented.This method is more persuasive and feasible than using eco-compensation criteria based on regional ecosystem service values determined by land use/coverage type.It can provide a new way to assess eco-compensation in the Guanting Reservoir basin and other regions.