城中村流动人口日常活动时空间结构——基于北京若干典型城中村的调查

在对北京5个城中村进行24 h活动日志实证调查的基础上,发现城中村流动人口在工作日和休息日的时间利用分别可以划分为6类,每一类的时间利用特征都与社会环境及该类人群的属性特征密切相关,其中工作、娱乐、家务等活动起主导作用。就城中村流动人口而言,不同类别人群工作日和休息日活动的时空间结构与其时间利用特征紧密联系,同样也受到社会环境的制约。生活活动路径展示出居民的日常活动正越来越表现出个性化、多样化和差异性的特征,是多种因素共同作用的结果。宏观环境、生活空间以及自身特征3个层次的影响因素综合作用于居民的个体行为,导致城中村流动人口活动时空间结构展现出独特的特征。基于微观个体的日常活动研究可以为掌握城市人群生活空间结构、制定城市规划等提供重要参考。

从人口时空间结构看西安城市空间扩展态势

改革开放以来,随着我国城市的快速发展,城市人口时空间分布状况发生了重大的变化.通过对西安市人口时空间结构的分析,发现建国后至改革开放初期,城市中心区和郊区的人口密度都在增加,但中心区增长速度明显较快.进入20世纪90年代以后,中心区和近郊区的人口密度继续增加,但近郊区人口密度增长速度更快,已超过了中心区的增长速度,充分说明西安城市发展目前正处于郊区化的前兆期,开始步入城市发展的成熟阶段.在此分析判断的基础上,进一步分析了未来西安城市空间扩展态势,并提出了相应的发展对策.

国内外城市时空间结构研究的渊源及述评

本文在梳理城市地理学与时间地理学相关概念的基础上总结给出了城市时空间结构的概念内涵。城市时空间结构的内涵是以时间地理学对人地关系地域系统的研究作为基本方法,在城市地域内,以居民日常活动的一个基本周期作为时间尺度,该时空范围内所有人时空活动的关系及其组合状态。具体研究内容包括四个方面:其一,回顾了城市时空间结构的渊源,并对城市实体空间、城市社会空间、城市认知空间以及城市时空间概念进行了对比分析。其二,对国内外城市时空间及其相关研究进行了简要的归纳和梳理。其三,对国内城市时空结构的相关研究进行了回顾。其四,对城市时空间结构研究的相关内容进行了述评。认为随着地理信息技术的发展和多元数据的出现,城市时空间结构有如下特点:在研究内容方面,城市时空间结构研究的内容和切入点不断增多;在研究方法方面不断成熟,时空路径模拟、时空展示和对大数据处理技术方面不断成熟;在研究数据方面,逐步从传统的以出行日志为主的数据源走向以GPS数据和手机数据及其他数据相结合的多元数据融合。

南京城市贫困群体的日常活动时空间结构分析

文章从时间地理学的研究角度,运用活动日志调查方法,对江苏省南京市城市贫困群体的日常活动时空间结构进行了分析。分析结果表明,贫困群体在以家庭住所为中心、以家和街道空间范围为主体、比较狭小的时空间范围内从事各种类型的活动,且其日常活动在时间利用分布上非常零散和琐碎。这表明以住所为中心的居住区成为城市贫困群体安身立命的主要场所和生存空间,关注城市贫困群体,应该重视邻里社区层次的规划建设,为其营造和谐、稳定的日常生活空间。

城中村流动人口的时间利用以及生活活动时空间结构——对北京5个城中村的调查

基于北京5个城中村的问卷调查,从个体行为的角度系统研究了城中村流动人口日常生活活动的时间利用特征以及时空间结构。研究发现:工作日中工作活动是支配活动,对其他活动时间起到制约作用,休息日娱乐时间占据主导地位,男女在时间分配特征上体现出较大不同;城中村流动人口工作日和休息日活动的时空间结构在性别上表现出明显的一致性;在时间上,休息日大部分活动集中在自家;家中娱乐活动出现较强晚间高峰;在性别上,男性比女性外出娱乐活动多,出行距离更远,女性家务活动多于男性。人群个体日常活动的规律性可以为掌握城市人群生活空间结构、制定城市规划等提供重要参考。

上海市民城市休闲行为的时空结构特征分析

本文选择上海城市居民为研究对象,设计调查问卷,对其在城市进行休闲的行为进行了深入研究。在此基础上,分析总结出上海市民城市休闲行为在时间与空间上的表现特征。最后,根据这些特征,对上海市民城市休闲行为的时空间结构进一步合理化提出了相关建议。

城市中少数民族购物活动时空特征——以乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族为例

基于对乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族日常生活活动的日志调查获取第一手资料，运用时间地理学研究方法分析维吾尔族购物活动在时间和空间上的特征，构建出休息日和工作日购物空间模式，并通过购物活动空间与居民属性的相关分析对购物消费空间予以解释。分析表明：男性购物活动出现双高峰，而女性购物高峰期出现在下午；0～4km构成工作日日常购物圈且大于休息日；男性购物活动空间大于女性；随着年龄增大，购物活动空间逐渐缩小；白领阶层购物活动空间最大，无业居民购物活动空间最小；购物活动空间亦与居民的收入水平和学历亦存在着正相关的关系。

Space Drive Propulsion Principle from the Aspect of Cosmology

This paper describes the propulsion principle using the concept of space drive and the pressure of the field induced by local rapid expansion of space based on the latest cosmology. Assuming that space vacuum is an infinite continuum, the propulsion principle utilizes the pressure field derived from the geometrical structure of space, by applying both continuum mechanics and general relativity to space. The propulsive force is a pressure thrust that arises from the interaction of space-time around the spaceship external environment and the spaceship itself; the spaceship is propelled by the pressure used against the space-time structure. As is well known in cosmology, the expansion rule of the universe is governed by the Friedman＇s equations and the Robertson-Walker metric. In this time, the propulsion principle of space drive is introduced from another angle （cosmology）, that is, the pressure of the field induced by local expansion of space is completely considered in the propulsion principle.

The community structure and seasonal dynamics of plankton in Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China

The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in the saline Bange Lake, northern Tibet, China. Sampling was carried out between one to three times per month from May 2001 to July 2002. Salinity ranged from 14 to 146. The air and water temperature exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, and mean annual temperatures were approximately 4.8℃ and 7.3℃, respectively. The lowest water temperature occurred in winter from December to March at-2℃ and the highest in June and July at 17.7℃. Forty-one phytoplankton taxa, 21 zooplankton, and 5 benthic or facultative zooplankton were identifi ed. The predominant phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina major. The predominant zooplankton species included H olophrya actra, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, and A rctodiaptomus salinus. The mean annual total phytoplankton density and biomass for the entire lake were 4.52×10^7 cells/L and 1.60 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean zooplankton abundance was 52, 162, 322, and 57, 144 ind./L, in the three sublakes. The annual mean total zooplankton biomass in Lakes 1–3 was 1.23, 9.98, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The annual mean tychoplankton abundances in Bg1, 2, and 3 were 47, 67, and 654 ind./L. The annual mean tychoplankton biomass was 2.36, 0.16, and 2.03 mg/L, respectively. The zooplankton biomass（including tychoplankton） in the lake was 9.11 mg/L. The total number of plankton species in the salt lake was signifi cantly negatively correlated with salinity.

Analysis of Turbulence Structure in the Stirred Tank with a Deep Hollow Blade Disc Turbine by Time-resolved PIV

The turbulence structure in the stirred tank with a deep hollow blade(semi-ellispe) disc turbine(HEDT) was investigated by using time-resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) and traditional PIV.In the stirred tank,the turbulence generated by blade passage includes the periodic components and the random turbulent ones.Traditional PIV with angle-resolved measurement and TRPIV with wavelet analysis were both used to obtain the random turbulent kinetic energy as a comparison.The wavelet analysis method was successfully used in this work to separate the random turbulent kinetic energy.The distributions of the periodic kinetic energy and the random turbulent kinetic energy were obtained.In the impeller region,the averaged random turbulent kinetic energy was about 2.6 times of the averaged periodic one.The kinetic energies at different wavelet scales from a6 to d1 were also calculated and compared.TRPIV was used to record the sequence of instantaneous velocity in the impeller stream.The evolution of the impeller stream was observed clearly and the sequence of the vorticity field was also obtained for the identification of vortices.The slope of the energy spectrum was approximately-5/3 in high frequency representing the existence of inertial subrange and some isotropic properties in stirred tank.From the power spectral density(PSD) ,one peak existed evidently,which was located at f0(blade passage frequency) generated by the blade passage.

Temporal Data Mining Using Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network——A Case Study of Air Pollutant Forecasts

This paper integrates genetic algorithm and neura l network techniques to build new temporal predicting analysis tools for geographic information system (GIS). These new GIS tools can be readily applied in a practical and appropriate manner in spatial and temp oral research to patch the gaps in GIS data mining and knowledge discovery functions. The specific achievement here is the integration of related artificial intellig ent technologies into GIS software to establish a conceptual spatial and temporal analysis framework. And, by using this framework to develop an artificial intelligent spatial and tempor al information analyst (ASIA) system which then is fully utilized in the existin g GIS package. This study of air pollutants forecasting provides a geographical practical case to prove the rationalization and justness of the conceptual tempo ral analysis framework.

Time evolution of coal structure during low temperature air oxidation

The time evolution of coal structure during low temperature oxidation was investigated by oxidizing coal samples in air at 120℃ for periods of up to 14 days. The structure of the oxidized coal samples was char- acterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and curve fitting analysis. The results show that carboxyl and ether groups are the main oxygen containing moieties in oxidized coal. Ethers are most abundant during the first 3 days of oxidation, thereafter carboxyl groups predominate. The content of carboxyl and ester functionality increases with oxidation time. The other oxygen containing groups vary in concentration over time. The amount of hydroxyl groups first decreases then increases and finally decrease again during the oxidation. The aliphatic structure and the degree of branching of the aliphatic chains is reduced as the oxidation proceeds. The proportion of aromatic structure increases with oxida- tion time. Obvious decomposition of aromatic rings occurs after about 9 days of oxidation. The aryl ester bands and the CH3/CH2 ratio both have a good linear relationship to oxidation time.

DATA-MINING BASED FAULT DETECTION

This paper presents a fault-detection method based on the phase space reconstruction and data mining approaches for the complex electronic system. The approach for the phase space reconstruction of chaotic time series is a combination algorithm of multiple autocorrelation and F-test, by which the quasi-optimal embedding dimension and time delay can be obtained. The data mining algorithm, which calculates the radius of gyration of unit-mass point around the centre of mass in the phase space, can distinguish the fault parameter from the chaotic time series output by the tested system. The experimental results depict that this fault detection method can correctly detect the fault phenomena of electronic system.

Nature and Kinetic Architecture： The Development of a New Type of Transformable Structure for Temporary Applications

The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.

城市社会的时间地理学研究

时间地理学是结合地理学与社会学的研究方法 ,是一种从各种时空制约条件下人的行为研究入手、以全新的视角来解释人地关系的方法。作者在概括地介绍时间地理学的产生背景及方法特色的基础上 ,重点说明了城市社会研究中时间地理学方法的应用状况 ,并展望了未来的研究方向。

The Influence of Particle Interactions on the Existence of Quantum Particles Properties

We propose a novel model, based on two postulates, which provide new perspective on the fundamental forces using special and general relativity concepts. Many studies address the relations between the particles and the space time manifold, and the latter＇s physical structure, whether it is Continuous or Discrete. In the proposed model the properties of the particles are classical in the sense of general relativity, whereas their quantum properties are arises due to the experiments.

Space and Temporal Distribution Analysis of Interictal Spike in Epilepsy

Stereo-electroencephalography （SEEG） is the main investigation method for pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEEG signals reflect two types of paroxysmal activity： ictal activity and interictal activity or interictal spikes （IS）. The relationship between IS and ictal activity is an essential and recurrent question in epiletology. In this paper, we present a distributed and parallel architecture for space and temporal distribution analysis of IS, based on a distributed and collaborative methodology. The proposed approach exploits the SEEG data using vector analysis of the corresponding signals among multi-agents system. The objective is to present a new method to analyze and classify IS during wakefulness （W）, light sleep （LS） and deep sleep （DS） stages. Temporal and spatial relationships between IS and seizure onset zone are compared during wakefulness, light sleep and deep sleep. Results show that space and temporal distribution for real data are not random but correlated.

Dynamic mode decomposition of hairpin vortices generated by a hemisphere protuberance

We present dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for studying the hairpin vortices generated by hemisphere protuberance measured by two-dimensional (2D) time-resolved (TR) particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a water channel. The hairpins dynamic information is extracted by identifying their dominant frequencies and associated spatial structures. For this quasi-periodic data system, the resulting main Dynamic modes illustrate the different spatial structures associated with the wake vortex region and the near-wall region. By comparisons with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), it can be concluded that the dynamic mode concentrates on a certain frequency component more effectively than the mode determined by POD. During the analysis, DMD has proven itself a robust and reliable algorithm to extract spatial-temporal coherent structures.

Fluctuation limits of strongly degenerate branching systems

Functional limit theorems for scaled occupation time fluctuations of a sequence of generalized branching particle systems in Rd with anisotropic space motions and strongly degenerated splitting abilities are studied in the cases of critical and intermediate dimensions. The results show that the limit processes are time-independent measure-valued Wiener processes with simple spatial structure.

Aprisco Field Station: the spatial structure of a new experimental site focused on agroecology

The Dehesa ecosystem provides important social and economic values across the Iberian Peninsula.Assessing the temporal dynamics of this system under climate change is important for the maintenance and conservation of these highly valuable ecosystems.Here,we present the baseline data of an observational plot network in the Dehesa that will form the foundation for monitoring long-term dynamics and for experimental manipulations testing the mechanisms driving resilience within the Dehesa.The initial surveys indicate that the forest structure is typical for the Dehesa,which suggests it is an exemplary site for examining temporal dynamics of this ecosystem.We present these initial data to encourage collaborations from international scientists via either direct experimental projects or meta-analyses.