对心率变异性的分析已经广泛应用于心血管疾病临床实践和基础研究中,并逐渐开始在运动领域中流行起来。本文利用时间序列的高维时间不可逆性(High-dimensional time irreversibility,HDTI)分析方法,研究受试者在跳绳运动前、中、后不同...对心率变异性的分析已经广泛应用于心血管疾病临床实践和基础研究中,并逐渐开始在运动领域中流行起来。本文利用时间序列的高维时间不可逆性(High-dimensional time irreversibility,HDTI)分析方法,研究受试者在跳绳运动前、中、后不同状态下短时心率变异信号的时间不可逆特性。结果表明,高维的时间不可逆性分析特征参量的变化正好反映了运动前、中、后交感-迷走神经之间从平衡态到非平衡态、再从非平衡态逐渐恢复到平衡态的过程;在分析快速变化的心电数据时,该特征参量与心率变化的趋势密切相关。研究结果显示HDTI分析方法有望在运动领域中得到进一步的应用。展开更多
为了研究循环射流混合槽内压力波动信号的前向和后向符号时间序列的动力学特征的差异性,利用等概率原则对PFS(pressure fluctuation signals)时间序列进行符号化转换,通过修正的Shannon熵选取最佳符号集大小和子序列长度。利用子序列编...为了研究循环射流混合槽内压力波动信号的前向和后向符号时间序列的动力学特征的差异性,利用等概率原则对PFS(pressure fluctuation signals)时间序列进行符号化转换,通过修正的Shannon熵选取最佳符号集大小和子序列长度。利用子序列编码图、时间不可逆转性、秩次图和秩次距离等参数对PFS时间序列进行STSA(symbolic time series analysis)研究。研究结果表明:修正的Shannon熵最小时确定优化符号化参数为n=2和L=10。前向与后向时间序列的子序列编码分布相似但其频数不等,表明CJT(circulating jet tank)内湍流流动呈现多尺度混沌确定性特征。PFS的时间不可逆性值随着周向角的增加不断增加,随z/H的增大呈现先降低再上升最后降低的趋势,随雷诺数的增加呈现"W"型分布。时间不可逆性值与秩次距离对PFS前后向序列动力学特征的差异性判断相互吻合。展开更多
A turbulent flow is maintained by an external supply of kinetic energy, which is eventually dissipated into heat at steep velocity gradients. The scale at which energy is supplied greatly differs from the scale at whi...A turbulent flow is maintained by an external supply of kinetic energy, which is eventually dissipated into heat at steep velocity gradients. The scale at which energy is supplied greatly differs from the scale at which energy is dissipated, the more so as the turbulent intensity(the Reynolds number) is larger. The resulting energy flux over the range of scales, intermediate between energy injection and dissipation, acts as a source of time irreversibility. As it is now possible to follow accurately fluid particles in a turbulent flow field, both from laboratory experiments and from numerical simulations, a natural question arises: how do we detect time irreversibility from these Lagrangian data? Here we discuss recent results concerning this problem. For Lagrangian statistics involving more than one fluid particle, the distance between fluid particles introduces an intrinsic length scale into the problem. The evolution of quantities dependent on the relative motion between these fluid particles, including the kinetic energy in the relative motion, or the configuration of an initially isotropic structure can be related to the equal-time correlation functions of the velocity field, and is therefore sensitive to the energy flux through scales, hence to the irreversibility of the flow. In contrast, for singleparticle Lagrangian statistics, the most often studied velocity structure functions cannot distinguish the "arrow of time". Recent observations from experimental and numerical simulation data, however, show that the change of kinetic energy following the particle motion, is sensitive to time-reversal. We end the survey with a brief discussion of the implication of this line of work.展开更多
文摘对心率变异性的分析已经广泛应用于心血管疾病临床实践和基础研究中,并逐渐开始在运动领域中流行起来。本文利用时间序列的高维时间不可逆性(High-dimensional time irreversibility,HDTI)分析方法,研究受试者在跳绳运动前、中、后不同状态下短时心率变异信号的时间不可逆特性。结果表明,高维的时间不可逆性分析特征参量的变化正好反映了运动前、中、后交感-迷走神经之间从平衡态到非平衡态、再从非平衡态逐渐恢复到平衡态的过程;在分析快速变化的心电数据时,该特征参量与心率变化的趋势密切相关。研究结果显示HDTI分析方法有望在运动领域中得到进一步的应用。
文摘为了研究循环射流混合槽内压力波动信号的前向和后向符号时间序列的动力学特征的差异性,利用等概率原则对PFS(pressure fluctuation signals)时间序列进行符号化转换,通过修正的Shannon熵选取最佳符号集大小和子序列长度。利用子序列编码图、时间不可逆转性、秩次图和秩次距离等参数对PFS时间序列进行STSA(symbolic time series analysis)研究。研究结果表明:修正的Shannon熵最小时确定优化符号化参数为n=2和L=10。前向与后向时间序列的子序列编码分布相似但其频数不等,表明CJT(circulating jet tank)内湍流流动呈现多尺度混沌确定性特征。PFS的时间不可逆性值随着周向角的增加不断增加,随z/H的增大呈现先降低再上升最后降低的趋势,随雷诺数的增加呈现"W"型分布。时间不可逆性值与秩次距离对PFS前后向序列动力学特征的差异性判断相互吻合。
基金grateful to the Max Planck Society for continuous support to our research.financial support from ANR(contract TEC 2),the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation,and the PSMN at the Ecole Normale Sup′erieure de Lyon
文摘A turbulent flow is maintained by an external supply of kinetic energy, which is eventually dissipated into heat at steep velocity gradients. The scale at which energy is supplied greatly differs from the scale at which energy is dissipated, the more so as the turbulent intensity(the Reynolds number) is larger. The resulting energy flux over the range of scales, intermediate between energy injection and dissipation, acts as a source of time irreversibility. As it is now possible to follow accurately fluid particles in a turbulent flow field, both from laboratory experiments and from numerical simulations, a natural question arises: how do we detect time irreversibility from these Lagrangian data? Here we discuss recent results concerning this problem. For Lagrangian statistics involving more than one fluid particle, the distance between fluid particles introduces an intrinsic length scale into the problem. The evolution of quantities dependent on the relative motion between these fluid particles, including the kinetic energy in the relative motion, or the configuration of an initially isotropic structure can be related to the equal-time correlation functions of the velocity field, and is therefore sensitive to the energy flux through scales, hence to the irreversibility of the flow. In contrast, for singleparticle Lagrangian statistics, the most often studied velocity structure functions cannot distinguish the "arrow of time". Recent observations from experimental and numerical simulation data, however, show that the change of kinetic energy following the particle motion, is sensitive to time-reversal. We end the survey with a brief discussion of the implication of this line of work.
