时间变构、时间加速与抽象时间统治——马克思对资本主义社会时间病状的诊断与批判

时间的政治经济学批判是马克思社会批判理论整体链条中的一个重要环节,资本主义社会不仅开启了新的时间地平,而且在商品和资本的社会关系建构中,确立了新的时间概念和架构了新的时间结构,擘画了新的时间规范和竖起了新的时间权力。资本时间化和时间资本化的双重面向打造了时间节约型的资本主义经济社会,时间“暴政”和时间加速应运而生并不断增强。自然时间标尺的稳定化和社会时间实践的加速化加剧了资本的时间张力,形成了“急速—静止”的时间矛盾和时间悖论,强化了异在的抽象时间统治。时间的统筹与确权、时间的加速与停滞形成了当代数字社会的时间病症,对数字时间病症的把脉和诊疗需要重新回到马克思的社会批判理论,从资本逻辑与时间规划的内在实质关联出发,发掘现实可行的批判路线,并从中导引出将人们抽离普遍的时间剥夺和全面的时间强制的可能解放路径。

数字资本的时间变构与时间规训及其异化后果

数字技术的勃兴催生了数字与资本联盟以追求最大化价值增殖的数字资本的最新资本形态。时间是资本的内核和根基,与传统资本对时间的支配控制以及价值增殖对时间压缩的内在诉求一致,数字资本也将时间原子纳入自身运动和增殖积累的系统图式之内,引致了时间商品化、劳动溢时化和产消即时化的时间变构,时间变构和时间规训构成了数字资本价值增殖的动能机制,彰显了数字资本价值增殖的数字效率和时间逻辑,同时也带来了隐而不显的时间异化后果。

Wavelet Transform of Velocity-Time Data for the Analysis of Turbulent Structures in a Trayed Bubble Column

Hydrodynamic and turbulent structures in the trayed bubble column with 1.2 m inner diameter have been characterized from liquid-phase velocity-time series data obtained by the hot-film anemometer. Wavelet transform analysis was used for denoising the measured data and also for evaluating quantifiers of turbulence, viz., local intermittency measure, intermittency index and flatness factor. These quantifiers help in detecting the passage of bubbles and reveal the hidden structures and patterns in data. Also, the wavelet scalewise analysis of the turbulence at various locations in the column and under different operating conditions could be used to build a direct relationship between the local gas holdup and flatness factor. The methodology is therefore suitable for online evaluation of the trayed bubble column performance and shows promise for developing strategies for improving process performance.

Nature and Kinetic Architecture： The Development of a New Type of Transformable Structure for Temporary Applications

The contemplation of contemporary architectural designs shows an increasing demand for the development of more adaptable, flexible and transformable structures. This type of structures can adapt with different environmental conditions and meet different functions. This can help in reducing environmental waste and pollution associated with many buildings and above all can save on cost and time. Natural systems have inspired human being, since they began to build and design. Architects and designers have utilized nature as one of the main resources of information for the creation of innovative architectural spaces. One of the unique features of natural structures is the way that their components open and close in order to respond to a particular requirement or the environmental changes. This aspect has inspired many designers for the development of transformable architectural structures that can change their shape and geometry to be able to adapt with specific conditions. To make a way toward the design of transformable structure for temporary applications, the authors have developed a new type of adaptable structures according to natural forms. The proposed design applies the transformation principles that exist in potato＇s flower and the movement mechanisms used in a spider＇s leg. The design is able to fit to different topographies and have a potential to be folded to a very compact state in a very short period of time. The detailed design and the different configurations of the system applications will be presented in this paper. The result of the study shows that using modular triangular plates can create a changeable module that is not only able to respond to different functions and environmental changes but it is also able to shape different configuration to be able to respond to different user＇s ambitions. The compactability of this structure into 1/3 of its base dimensions; makes its transportation fast and with minimum costs. These capabilities make this structure suitable for temporary buildings such as exhibitions, temporary settlements or hospital in damaged areas.

An adaptive routing protocol based on relative positions in VANETs

After presenting weaknesses of several classic routing protocols applied in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） by a qualitative comparison, this paper proposes a novel self-adaptive routing protocol, named ARPP. With respect to the specific characteristics of VANETs, the proposed routing protocol adopts a dynamic topology establishment and time-varying control message sending mechanism. A direction-based forwarding strategy and a specific warning solution enhance the routing performance in ARPP. Simulation results show that the ARPP protocol outperforms the classic AODV in urban vehicle environment.

New algorithm for variable-rate linear broadcast network coding

To adjust the variance of source rate in linear broadcast networks, global encoding kernels should have corresponding dimensions to instruct the decoding process. The algorithm of constructing such global encoding kernels is to adjust heterogeneous network to possible link failures. Linear algebra, graph theory and group theory are applied to construct one series of global encoding kernels which are applicable to all source rates. The effectiveness and existence of such global encoding kernels are proved. Based on 2 information flow, the algorithm of construction is explicitly given within polynomial time O（｜E｜ ｜T｜.ω^2max）, and the memory complexity of algorithm is O（｜E｜）. Both time and memory complexity of this algorithm proposed can be O（ωmax） less than those of algorithms in related works.

Asymmetric Price Transmission and Structural Breaks in the Relationship between Costa Rican Markets of Livestock Cattle, Beef and Milk

The vertical price transmission is generally considered as the relationship between two markets of the same production chain However, we can expand this concept to another relation which has not been deeply investigated： the joint products. They are the products which are produced in a single production process, but not correspond to the same chain. An especial case is the beef and milk markets in Costa Rica. Even if these products usually correspond to disconnect chains, in Costa Rica farms make use of cattle to produce both meat and milk. The cointegration framework is applied in order to indentify the price transmission among these markets. In addition, the asymmetric behavior and structural breaks are taken into account. Price transmission between each market pair was found. First, the cattle prices adjust in the milk-cattle relationship, second, beef meat prices adjust in the cattle-beef meat and in the milk - beef meat relationship. Finally, the equations allowing for structural breaks affect the estimates in the following three ways： after the break the elasticities became higher than 1, there is more evidence of cointegration, and the adjustment coefficients are significant only when a change in the long run is allowed.

A Novel Method for Banks to Monitor the Cumulative Loss Due to Defaults

Banking institutions all over the world face significant challenge due to the cumulative loss due to defaults of borrowers of different types of loans. The cumulative default loss built up over a period of time could wipe out the capital cushion of the banks. The aim of this paper is to help the banks to forecast the cumulative loss and its volatility. Defaulting amounts are random and defaults occur at random instants of time. A non Markovian time dependent random point process is used to model the cumulative loss. The expected loss and volatility are evaluated analytically. They are functions of probability of default, probability of loss amount, recovery rate and time. Probability of default being the important contributor is evaluated using Hidden Markov modeling. Numerical results obtained validate the model.

A Theoretical Study on the Interaction of Crown Tetraalanylpeptide with NO3- and SO4/2-

Crown peptide is a kind of special conformation found on the homodetic cyclopeptide, regular array about the main chain containing imido groups, and the monolithic conformation presents coronary analogy to crown ether. There are high symmetrical ionophores belonging to Cn point group. The channels or apertures can form easily for recognizing certain ion or molecular, and also the function of intending dual-recognition and the ability for transporting as ionophores can be possessed. Under the method of density functional theory, the geometry structures, values energy and population analysis of the combo of crown tetraalanylpeptide （C4-Ala） with NO3- and SO4/2- are calculated, based on the foundation of former studies. Compared with the structure of C4-AIa without NO3- and SO4/2- it is found that the coronary shape changes little in the complex of C4-Ala-YOm/n-, and the electrons transfer between C4-AIa and YOm/n- at the mean time. There are hydrogen bond between oxygen of YOm/n- and the hydrogen from imine groups of C4-AIa, and they become weaker when the average charge density lessens.

Human Body Surface Oscillations Remote Measurements by Means of Laser Doppler Interferometer

Experimental results of remote laser measurement of a time structure of a pulse waves are resulted. Occurrence of the pulse waves are connected with the rhythmic reduction of a myocardittm. Speed of pulse wave＇s propagation does not depend on speed of current of blood, it is defined by diameter of a vessel, by its walls thickness, by elasticity of a vessel, and also by rheological properties of blood. Measurement of parameters of pulse waves is important tbr definition of a condition of cardiovascular system. Ways of measurement of characteristics of pulse waves used now （acoustic, electric, optical） are contact. In some cases, for example, in clinics on treatment of burns and so forth, the question of remote measurement of processes hemodynamics by use of methods of laser sotmding is rather actual. The results described in work have shown outlook of development of laser methods of diagnostics for present purposes. The measurement technique used by authors is based on use of longitudinal Doppler effect which essence consists in change of frequency or length of a wave of radiation at reflection from moving surface. For smoothing the measured signal （clearing from noise） the program developed by authors on the basis of the wavelet-analysis was used. Experimental measurements are shown, that the laser method allows to register distinctly structure of pulse waves which is characterized by two peaks. The results of remote laser measurement of a time structure of a pulse waves confirm the assumption made on the basis of general-theoretical physical positions, that characteristics of pulse waves can be registered on the Doppler effect basis.

Distributed adaptive attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft

This paper addresses the distributed attitude synchronization problem of multiple spacecraft with unknown inertia matrices. Two distributed adaptive controllers are proposed for the cases with and without a virtual leader to which a time-varying reference attitude is assigned. The first controller achieves attitude synchronization for a group of spacecraft with a leaderless communication topology having a directed spanning tree. The second controller guarantees that all spacecraft track the reference attitude if the virtual leader has a directed path to all other spacecraft. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

Ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics in spin-density-wave LaOFeAs single crystal

Ultrafast quasiparticle dynamics of single crystalline LaOFeAs were investigated by pump-probe measurement.The compound experiences structural and spin-density-wave(SDW)phase transitions at 150 K(TS1)and 130 K(TS2),respectively.The relaxation time of quasiparticles was somewhat temperature independent at high temperature but exhibited a sharp upturn at TS1and reached the maximum at approximately TS2.The remarkable slowing down of quasiparticle relaxation time is caused by the formation of energy gap.By employing the Rothwarf-Taylor model analysis,we found that there should be already energy gaps opening just below the structural transition.The magnitude of SDW gap was identified to be 72 meV.

A matter of time： Temporal variation in the introduction history and population genetic structuring of an invasive lizard

Invasive species are considered one of the greatest threats to native ecosystems, second only to habitat loss and frag- mentation. Despite this, the temporal dynamics of invasions are poorly understood, with most studies focusing on a single time point, providing us with only a snapshot of the biology and genetics of the invader. We investigated the invasion of Lord Howe Island by the delicate skink Lampropholis delicata and assessed the introduction history and genetic structure of this species over a 5-year period. Using genetic data taken from 2007, and again in 2011/12, we examined changes in the population genetic struc- ture （whether new haplotypes had been introduced to the island, and shifts in haplotype frequencies） of the species on the island between these two time points. No new haplotypes were introduced to the island between 2007 and 2011/12; however, significant shifts in haplotype frequencies across the island were detected. We conclude that the delicate skink is expanding its range into the southern regions of the island and that the haplotype frequencies on Lord Howe Island are still in a state of highly dynamic flux. Our study highlights the importance of considering invasions as dynamic and studying them in such a way that enable us to better manage their impacts

The Sino-US Relations and Alliance Structures in Northeast Asia

This paper addresses the issue of security alliances in Northeast Asia--their origins and current status. It observes some fundamental changes of such alliances in the region with the change of time, and concludes that the present alliances are still hedging against uncertainty. In particular, it elaborates the legitimacy of alliance due to collective defense, rather than cooperative aggressiveness that erodes the credibility of alliance and leads to distrust of nations. The paper raises the Taiwan Question and DPRK issue as key examples to analyze how China and the US have entered a strategically distrustful relationship and how these two issues have been intertwined. It also discusses how to de-link them and build a more stable and secure relationship between China and the US through forward-looking cooperation.

OUTPUT VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL FOR TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR TIME-DELAY SINGULAR SYSTEM

Synthesis and design of output variable structure controller for time-invariant linear timedelay singular system are studied. In the case that the system is regular and the system index is one, switching function with integral compensator and variable structure controller are designed, which guarantee that the sliding mode is asymptotically stable and the solution trajectory of the system arrives at the switching manifold in limited time. The design method is applicable to the systems which can be regularized. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate effectiveness and simplicity of the design method.