目的探讨凝视-面-臂-言语-时间(gaze-face-arm-speech-time,G-FAST)评分对院前急救卒中前循环大血管闭塞(large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation,aLVO)的诊断价值。方法选取2019年7月至2020年12月北京急救中心直属5个分...目的探讨凝视-面-臂-言语-时间(gaze-face-arm-speech-time,G-FAST)评分对院前急救卒中前循环大血管闭塞(large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation,aLVO)的诊断价值。方法选取2019年7月至2020年12月北京急救中心直属5个分中心送至宣武医院,且有完整院前G-FAST评分和入院诊断信息的卒中患者,根据缺血性卒中患者是否发生LVO分为LVO和非LVO组,采用ROC曲线分析G-FAST评分对院前卒中急救aLVO的诊断价值。结果纳入患者352例,其中急性缺血性卒中占比69.0%(243/352)。进行大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者149例,占急性缺血性卒中的61.3%(149/243);发生aLVO患者61例,占大血管病变评估的40.9%(61/149)、占急性缺血性卒中的25.1%(61/243)。149例大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者中,男100例,女49例;年龄18~93岁,平均70.5岁。与非aLVO组相比,aLVO组女性较多,G-FAST评分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST≥3分患者的aLVO发生率显著高于G-FAST≤2分者(68.9%比31.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST评分诊断院前急救卒中aLVO的ROC曲线的AUC为0.675(95%CI:0.589~0.761,P=0.000),G-FAST的cut-off值为2.5分时,灵敏度为72.10%,特异度为58.00%。结论G-FAST评分在院前急救卒中可准确识别急性缺血性患者aLVO,早诊断aLVO将利于急性缺血性患者尽早送至高级别卒中中心。展开更多
Truth-conditional approaches to tense and other temporal expressions have relied on both linear-time and branching-time frameworks as needed. However, in the truth-conditional enterprise generally, it seems advisable ...Truth-conditional approaches to tense and other temporal expressions have relied on both linear-time and branching-time frameworks as needed. However, in the truth-conditional enterprise generally, it seems advisable to settle on a single depiction of time. Linear time is the simpler framework, and branching time faces difficulties for which we seem to have no immediate solutions. This paper defends the applicability of linear time. The apparent branching of time results from the use of speech acts other than factual assertion. Truth in correspondence with specific conditions is relevant when making factual assertions. However, we are in no epistemic position to advance factual assertions about the future, but only suppositions and predictions. For these, the truth-conditional content is employed differently. For suppositions and predictions, we only ＂pretend＂ to reference things, to assert facts, and to accept them as ＂true.＂ There is a wide array of alternatives about what we can suppose or predict, giving the impression of branching options. Suppositions and predictions under active consideration are often marked with present tense, whereas those that are inactive （not presently under active consideration but nonetheless relevant） are often marked with past tense.展开更多
In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the durat...In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the duration aspect marker ＂dzy 住＂, in these two Cantonese books show different characteristics from oral Cantonese today. ＂Gwo＂, mostly used as an aspect marker of＂experience＂ and ＂repeat＂ in verbal expression, had the usage of＂unhappened experience＂ in the old books as a connection between this two aspects. Every step of ＂dzy＂＇s grammarlization process was clearly recorded in the written materials. By comparing with the aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese, the usage of the completion aspect marker ＂liu 了＂ found in these two books was also discussed. We argue the importance of literature context in diachronical grammar studies of dialect.展开更多
This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as...This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the times of inhale and exhale reset of abdominal breathing are earlier than chest breathing, the breathing reset is related to prosodic boundaries展开更多
We presented a novel framework for automatic behavior clustering and unsupervised anomaly detection in a large video set. The framework consisted of the following key components： 1 ） Drawing from natural language pr...We presented a novel framework for automatic behavior clustering and unsupervised anomaly detection in a large video set. The framework consisted of the following key components： 1 ） Drawing from natural language processing, we introduced a compact and effective behavior representation method as a stochastic sequence of spatiotemporal events, where we analyzed the global structural information of behaviors using their local action statistics. 2） The natural grouping of behavior patterns was discovered through a novel clustering algorithm. 3 ） A run-time accumulative anomaly measure was introduced to detect abnormal behavior, whereas normal behavior patterns were recognized when sufficient visual evidence had become available based on an online Likelihood Ratio Test （LRT） method. This ensured robust and reliable anomaly detection and normal behavior recognition at the shortest possible time. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of our approach using noisy and sparse data sets collected from a real surveillance scenario.展开更多
This study explored the perceptual learning style preferences in L2 （second language） Spanish. A group of first-semester and fifth-semester university students participated. The aim was to verify whether time studyi...This study explored the perceptual learning style preferences in L2 （second language） Spanish. A group of first-semester and fifth-semester university students participated. The aim was to verify whether time studying of Spanish would strengthen learning preferences making senior students more cognizant of their preferred styles. Senior students were, therefore, more expected to self-report major （i.e., strong） style preferences than novice students. The participants completed a style questionnaire and named preferred in-class language activities. Results showed that the novice rather than the senior students, self-reported strong style preferences. The senior students consistently reported minor preferences and named activities that favored peer collaboration over perceptual styles. It is likely that after several semesters of learning Spanish, senior students were less certain as to whether language learning relies on strong style preferences. Instead, they probably learned to acknowledge the benefits of a flexible disposition, integrating several minor style preferences for a successful learning of Spanish.展开更多
In the statistical standard literature the stationarity of a time dependent process generally is defined by the invariance in time of the distribution of the variable, like a SPL （sound pressure level） fluctuating i...In the statistical standard literature the stationarity of a time dependent process generally is defined by the invariance in time of the distribution of the variable, like a SPL （sound pressure level） fluctuating in time. However in reality there cannot exist constant distribution, respectively characteristics, in time in the strict mathematical sense because the time intervals of observation only can be finite due to practical reasons. Hence on every distribution and characteristics based on it a certain, but evaluable uncertainty is imposed. For monitoring these uncertainties the online-measurement technique, i.e. primarily appropriate software, is already available, also for customers. According to this state of the art the following expanded definition of the stationarity is proposed： Stationarity during a quality controlled measurement process becomes established, when the upper confidence limit of the interesting specific characteristic has no positive slope in time and correspondingly the lower confidence limit of the specific characteristic no negative slope and, as a third, a common condition, the interesting specific characteristic has adjusted itself to a constant position in time. From this a systematic criteria scheme is established and in examples applied on different in- and outdoor situations of sound impact.展开更多
This paper studies the effect of different lengths of pre-task planning time on the frequency and accuracy of self-repairs for Chinese intermediate and advanced English learners.The findings reveal that the increased ...This paper studies the effect of different lengths of pre-task planning time on the frequency and accuracy of self-repairs for Chinese intermediate and advanced English learners.The findings reveal that the increased pre-task planning time strongly improves fluency and accuracy of self-repairs for both lexical and syntactic errors in the advanced group,but enhanced fluency and accuracy are not witnessed in the intermediate group as planning time increases.The differences are mainly due to the fact that some intermediate learners are not well equipped with the appropriate way of preparation for oral presentation tasks since some write down their ideas in Chinese.Thus errors will increasingly emerge in the transfer.Besides,they usually give priority to accuracy while neglecting fluency.展开更多
A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, comput...A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the mathematical structure underlying the time series generated from the elementary cellular automaton of rule 56 is analyzed and its complexity is determined, in which the Dyck language and Catalan numbers emerge naturally.展开更多
文摘目的探讨凝视-面-臂-言语-时间(gaze-face-arm-speech-time,G-FAST)评分对院前急救卒中前循环大血管闭塞(large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation,aLVO)的诊断价值。方法选取2019年7月至2020年12月北京急救中心直属5个分中心送至宣武医院,且有完整院前G-FAST评分和入院诊断信息的卒中患者,根据缺血性卒中患者是否发生LVO分为LVO和非LVO组,采用ROC曲线分析G-FAST评分对院前卒中急救aLVO的诊断价值。结果纳入患者352例,其中急性缺血性卒中占比69.0%(243/352)。进行大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者149例,占急性缺血性卒中的61.3%(149/243);发生aLVO患者61例,占大血管病变评估的40.9%(61/149)、占急性缺血性卒中的25.1%(61/243)。149例大血管评估的急性缺血性卒中患者中,男100例,女49例;年龄18~93岁,平均70.5岁。与非aLVO组相比,aLVO组女性较多,G-FAST评分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST≥3分患者的aLVO发生率显著高于G-FAST≤2分者(68.9%比31.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。G-FAST评分诊断院前急救卒中aLVO的ROC曲线的AUC为0.675(95%CI:0.589~0.761,P=0.000),G-FAST的cut-off值为2.5分时,灵敏度为72.10%,特异度为58.00%。结论G-FAST评分在院前急救卒中可准确识别急性缺血性患者aLVO,早诊断aLVO将利于急性缺血性患者尽早送至高级别卒中中心。
文摘Truth-conditional approaches to tense and other temporal expressions have relied on both linear-time and branching-time frameworks as needed. However, in the truth-conditional enterprise generally, it seems advisable to settle on a single depiction of time. Linear time is the simpler framework, and branching time faces difficulties for which we seem to have no immediate solutions. This paper defends the applicability of linear time. The apparent branching of time results from the use of speech acts other than factual assertion. Truth in correspondence with specific conditions is relevant when making factual assertions. However, we are in no epistemic position to advance factual assertions about the future, but only suppositions and predictions. For these, the truth-conditional content is employed differently. For suppositions and predictions, we only ＂pretend＂ to reference things, to assert facts, and to accept them as ＂true.＂ There is a wide array of alternatives about what we can suppose or predict, giving the impression of branching options. Suppositions and predictions under active consideration are often marked with present tense, whereas those that are inactive （not presently under active consideration but nonetheless relevant） are often marked with past tense.
基金This research is financially supported by the Youth Program of National Social Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10CYY008）.
文摘In this paper, we focus our grammar studies on two early Cantonese literature contexts： Huajian Ji （花菚記, 1714） and Yue Ou （粤謳, 1820）. Two aspect markers, the experience aspect marker ＂gwo 過＂ and the duration aspect marker ＂dzy 住＂, in these two Cantonese books show different characteristics from oral Cantonese today. ＂Gwo＂, mostly used as an aspect marker of＂experience＂ and ＂repeat＂ in verbal expression, had the usage of＂unhappened experience＂ in the old books as a connection between this two aspects. Every step of ＂dzy＂＇s grammarlization process was clearly recorded in the written materials. By comparing with the aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese, the usage of the completion aspect marker ＂liu 了＂ found in these two books was also discussed. We argue the importance of literature context in diachronical grammar studies of dialect.
文摘This research studies the features of chest and abdominal breathing in Zhuang language.Two participants were recruited to record 30 news articles of Zhuang language.The chest and abdominal breathing signals as well as speech signal were recorded simultaneously. Programs for breathing analysis have been written to extract parameters such as breathing reset amplitude, time of inhale phase, and slope of exhale phase. The results show that the times of inhale and exhale reset of abdominal breathing are earlier than chest breathing, the breathing reset is related to prosodic boundaries
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） under Grant No. 60573139 andNational Science ＆ Technology Pillar Program of China under Grant NO. 2008BAH221303.
文摘We presented a novel framework for automatic behavior clustering and unsupervised anomaly detection in a large video set. The framework consisted of the following key components： 1 ） Drawing from natural language processing, we introduced a compact and effective behavior representation method as a stochastic sequence of spatiotemporal events, where we analyzed the global structural information of behaviors using their local action statistics. 2） The natural grouping of behavior patterns was discovered through a novel clustering algorithm. 3 ） A run-time accumulative anomaly measure was introduced to detect abnormal behavior, whereas normal behavior patterns were recognized when sufficient visual evidence had become available based on an online Likelihood Ratio Test （LRT） method. This ensured robust and reliable anomaly detection and normal behavior recognition at the shortest possible time. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of our approach using noisy and sparse data sets collected from a real surveillance scenario.
文摘This study explored the perceptual learning style preferences in L2 （second language） Spanish. A group of first-semester and fifth-semester university students participated. The aim was to verify whether time studying of Spanish would strengthen learning preferences making senior students more cognizant of their preferred styles. Senior students were, therefore, more expected to self-report major （i.e., strong） style preferences than novice students. The participants completed a style questionnaire and named preferred in-class language activities. Results showed that the novice rather than the senior students, self-reported strong style preferences. The senior students consistently reported minor preferences and named activities that favored peer collaboration over perceptual styles. It is likely that after several semesters of learning Spanish, senior students were less certain as to whether language learning relies on strong style preferences. Instead, they probably learned to acknowledge the benefits of a flexible disposition, integrating several minor style preferences for a successful learning of Spanish.
文摘In the statistical standard literature the stationarity of a time dependent process generally is defined by the invariance in time of the distribution of the variable, like a SPL （sound pressure level） fluctuating in time. However in reality there cannot exist constant distribution, respectively characteristics, in time in the strict mathematical sense because the time intervals of observation only can be finite due to practical reasons. Hence on every distribution and characteristics based on it a certain, but evaluable uncertainty is imposed. For monitoring these uncertainties the online-measurement technique, i.e. primarily appropriate software, is already available, also for customers. According to this state of the art the following expanded definition of the stationarity is proposed： Stationarity during a quality controlled measurement process becomes established, when the upper confidence limit of the interesting specific characteristic has no positive slope in time and correspondingly the lower confidence limit of the specific characteristic no negative slope and, as a third, a common condition, the interesting specific characteristic has adjusted itself to a constant position in time. From this a systematic criteria scheme is established and in examples applied on different in- and outdoor situations of sound impact.
文摘This paper studies the effect of different lengths of pre-task planning time on the frequency and accuracy of self-repairs for Chinese intermediate and advanced English learners.The findings reveal that the increased pre-task planning time strongly improves fluency and accuracy of self-repairs for both lexical and syntactic errors in the advanced group,but enhanced fluency and accuracy are not witnessed in the intermediate group as planning time increases.The differences are mainly due to the fact that some intermediate learners are not well equipped with the appropriate way of preparation for oral presentation tasks since some write down their ideas in Chinese.Thus errors will increasingly emerge in the transfer.Besides,they usually give priority to accuracy while neglecting fluency.
基金This work is supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project.
文摘A new approach to study the evolution complexity of cellular automata is proposed and explained thoroughly by an example of elementary cellular automaton of rule 56. Using the tools of distinct excluded blocks, computational search and symbolic dynamics, the mathematical structure underlying the time series generated from the elementary cellular automaton of rule 56 is analyzed and its complexity is determined, in which the Dyck language and Catalan numbers emerge naturally.
