地铁火灾事故中人员疏散时间计算模型与仿真

结合地铁车站火灾事故中人员疏散过程的实际情况,综合考虑人员响应、客流下车、离开站台、通过检票口、通过楼扶梯和通道5个过程的客流实际疏散情况,开展疏散试验,对人员疏散行为进行定量研究,同时利用试验数据对疏散时间计算公式和疏散模型进行验证和参数标定,建立基于不同空间环境客流密度的地铁车站分段客流疏散时间计算模型。选取典型地下二层岛式地铁车站为研究对象,设定疏散场景及参数,应用所建立的计算模型对疏散时间进行计算,其计算结果与使用《NFPA 130:轨道交通客运系统标准》所推荐的计算方法的计算结果接近,验证了分段客流疏散时间计算模型的可行性。最后,利用基于社会力模型的Anylogic软件对疏散过程进行仿真,将仿真结果与计算结果进行对比,结果表明,本文提出的分段客流疏散时间计算模型的计算结果误差较小,相对较为合理。

城市交通时间最短路径计算模型及应用仿真

研究道路状态信息和路口固定延迟模型优化问题,城市交通时间最短路径(T'DSP)是统计意义上的最优路径,对个体车辆而言并非最优,主要原因在于没有考虑车辆通行与交通信号的时空相位关系。通过对上述关系的研究,提出了基于交通信号的路口延迟和时间最短路径(TLBSP)的计算模型及改进Dijkstra算法,适用于现有主要交通网络和交通规则,能实现交通信号控制下各车最短时间路径的计算。实验结果表明,TLBSP算法的时间最短路径优于距离最短路径算法和固定延时的TDSP算法,改进算法可应用于城市交通导航,能促使车辆在空间上合理分布,有利于缓解城市交通拥堵。

杀伤链时间优化问题系统分析

针对信息化战争中如何优化缩短杀伤链从发现到杀伤目标所用时间的问题,采用系统分析的方法,对杀伤链的组成、结构和流程进行了梳理分析,并据此建立了杀伤链时间计算模型。通过模型分析发现杀伤链自动化程度、预先准备充分程度、火力打击平台速度、弹药飞行速度等是影响杀伤链时间的主要因素,并针对性地提出了优化杀伤链时间的思路和方法,为进一步开展运用杀伤链打赢现代战争的相关研究提供参考。

Calculation of all-time apparent resistivity of large loop transient electromagnetic method with very fast simulated annealing

In large loop transient electromagnetic method(TEM),the late time apparent resistivity formula cannot truly reflect the geoelectric model,thus it needs to define the all-time apparent resistivity with the position information of measuring point.Utilizing very fast simulated annealing(VFSA) to fit the theoretical electromagnetic force(EMF) and measured EMF could obtain the all-time apparent resistivity of the measuring points in rectangular transmitting loop.The selective cope of initial model of VFSA could be confirmed by taking the late time apparent resistivity of transient electromagnetic method as the prior information.For verifying the correctness,the all-time apparent resistivities of the geoelectric models were calculated by VFSA and dichotomy,respectively.The results indicate that the relative differences of apparent resistivities calculated by these two methods are within 3%.The change of measuring point position has little influence on the tracing pattern of all-time apparent resistivity.The first branch of the curve of all-time apparent resistivity is close to the resistivity of the first layer medium and the last branch is close to the resistivity of the last layer medium,which proves the correctness of the arithmetics proposed.

Comparisons between unsteady sediment-transport modeling

The comparative study between unsteady flow models in alluvial streams shows a chaotic residue as for the choices of a forecasting model. The difficulty resides in the choice of the expressions of friction resistance and sediment transport. Three types of mathematical models were selected. Models of type one and two are fairly general, but require a considerable number of boundary conditions, which related to each size range of sediments. It can be a handicap during rivers studies which are not very well followed in terms of experimental measurements. Also, the use of complex models is not always founded. But then, the model of type three requires a limited number of boundary conditions and solves only a system of three equations at each time step. It allows a considerable saving in calculating times.

Theoretical analysis of fluid mixing time in liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor

The mixing time of impact zone in liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor(LISR) is theoretically calculated by empirical model and modern micromixing model of the fluid mixing process, and the variation laws of macromixing time and micromixing time are quantitatively discussed. The results show that under a continuous and stable operating condition, as the paddle speed increases, the macromixing time and micromixing time calculated by the two models both decrease, even in a linkage equilibrium state. Simultaneously, as the paddle speed increases, the results figured by the two models tend to be consistent. It indicates that two models both are more suitable for calculation of mixing time in high paddle speed. Compared with the existing experimental results of this type of reactor, the mixing time computed in the speed of 1500 r/min is closer to it. These conclusions can provide an important reference for systematically studying the strengthening mechanism of LISR under continuous mixing conditions.

CFD-PBE simulation of a bubble column in OpenFOAM

A general CFD-PBE(computational fluid dynamics-population balance equation) solver for gas–liquid poly-dispersed flows of both low and high gas volume fractions is developed in OpenFOAM(open-source field operation and manipulation) in this work. Implementation of this solver in OpenFOAM is illustrated in detail. The PBE is solved with the cell average technique. The coupling between pressure and velocity is dealt with the transient PIMPLE algorithm, which is a merged PISO-SIMPLE(pressure implicit split operator-semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) algorithm. Results show generally good agreement with the published experimental data, whereas the modeling precision could be improved further with more sophisticated closure models for interfacial forces, the models for the bubble-induced turbulence and those for bubble coalescence and breakage.The results also indicate that the PBE could be solved out the PIMPLE loop to save much computation time while still preserving the time information on variables. This is important for CFD-PBE modeling of many actual gas–liquid problems, which are commonly high-turbulent flows with intrinsic transient and 3 D characteristics.

Motion estimation based feature selection for visual SLAM

Feature selection is always an important issue in the visual SLAM （simultaneous location and mapping） literature. Considering that the location estimation can be improved by tracking features with larger value of visible time, a new feature selection method based on motion estimation is proposed. First, a k-step iteration algorithm is presented for visible time estimation using an affme motion model; then a delayed feature detection method is introduced for efficiently detecting features with the maximum visible time. As a means of validation for the proposed method, both simulation and real data experiments are carded out. Results show that the proposed method can improve both the estimation performance and the computational performance compared with the existing random feature selection method.

Rainfall and Obtaining Information Regarding Earthquake Development Processes from Groundwater Level

Many factors can cause changes of groundwater level,such as the development process of an earthquake,rainfall,solid earth tides etc.Among these we are interested in information regarding earthquake development processes.Eliminating the influence of various disturbance factors is an effective way to obtain seismic development process information contained in the groundwater level.This paper provides two different ways to remove the rainfall effect,and compares the two methods by means of correlation analysis.Furthermore,based on these a logistic regression model is established to describe the seismicity level.

Pattern Specialization Based on Partial Evaluation

Design pattern enables software architecture generality and reusability, but which depresses the high performance. The pattern specialization was built on partial evaluation technology to reduce the overheads of design pattern. The design patterns were classified to extract the common features, and the corresponding pattern specializations were constructed. In the pattern specialization, the optimization opportunities were identified, and the specialization methods and conditions were described. The syntax of binding time analysis was defined, and the semantic depicted the invariant of usage context. The virtual invocation and dispatch were eliminated, which enhances the running efficiency. This pattern specialization is a high-level specialization for improving the performance of software aimed at design level that is orthogonal with the low-level code optimization.

The Model Research on the Flooding Time of the Warship Damaged Compartment

Research on damage stability and unsinkability is a valuable source of knowledge of behaving a ship while flooding its compartments. The time when compartment is flooded （ty） and stability parameters are key elements which have influence on a rescue action. The knowledge of the time mentioned is very important for a commanding officer to make decisions while fighting for survival of the ship. Therefore, the purpose of research was to develop a method to accurately and quickly calculate the flooding time of selected ship compartment. To provide the information about the time ty, a new method was designed. This method was based on an accurate determination of the amount of water entering to the compartment. For this purpose, the permeability depends on the water level in the compartment. Next, the computer program was built for both the time tfcalculation and showing the flooding process. This method was tested experimentally and the results of the tests are presented in the paper. In the next part of research, which was carried out on the laboratory stand bed, the flooding time of damaged compartment of warship model was measured. The results of calculation are compared to the experiments and discussed.

贸易集团对第三方经济影响及其在GATT/WTO中诉讼模型分析

贸易集团的增加和扩张是当今国际经济发展的一个重要尺度。介绍了YoramZ.Haftel的研究成果,研究了贸易集团对第三方和多边贸易体系的影响,认为贸易集团对非成员国的经济产业具有负面的经济影响。这些受影响的生产商敦促政府采取对抗贸易集团的政治行动,政府相应地拥有几种政策选择,这些政策的吸引力决定于国际国内的激励和压力。Haftel认为向GATT/WTO提起诉讼是有效吸引第三方政府的政策工具,他假设贸易集团的存在、深化和扩展最终将导致多边贸易体系诉讼的增加,并利用欧盟、北美自由贸易区和南方共同市场三大重要贸易集团1948年～2000年间被诉经历来检验这些假设,使用时间序列截面计算模型。为对应习惯的备选解释,实证分析支持理论构架。

Calculation of fire extinguishment time with water mist in an enclosed room

The fire extinguishment time is a major factor to evaluate the efficiency of fire extinguishment with water mist. In this paper the fire extinguishment time with water mist in an enclosed room is calculated. Before adding water mist, the chemical kinetics plays the role in combustion, where a dimensionless math model is established by us-ing the Semenov theory. After adding water mist, the diffusion plays the role instead. Then another math model containing water mist and dominated by oxygen concentration is established. The fire temperature is integrated from Tm to extinguishment temperature TB and the extinguishment time can be obtained. The calculated values are compared with the experimental data under different conditions. The results show that this model can predict the fire extinguishment time accurately. Besides, this model also can be used to determine the critical water mist flux and evaluate which fire extinguishment mechanisms dominate the extinguishment.

Analysis of a System Describing Proliferative-Quiescent Cell Dynamics

Systems describing the dynamics of proliferative and quiescent cells are commonly used as computational models, for instance for tumor growth and hematopoiesis.Focusing on the very earliest stages of hematopoiesis, stem cells and early progenitors, the authors introduce a new method, based on an energy/Lyapunov functional to analyze the long time behavior of solutions. Compared to existing works, the method in this paper has the advantage that it can be extended to more complex situations. The authors treat a system with space variable and diffusion, and then adapt the energy functional to models with three equations.

New actuator disk model for propeller-aircraft computation

There is a growing interest in propellers for transport aircraft as well as regional airliners from the viewpoint of energy saving. An important consideration for utilizing a propeller propulsion system on aircraft is the aerodynamic interaction between the propeller slipstream and other aerodynamic surfaces. It is therefore necessary to use a simplified but relatively accurate tool for propeller modeling, with the widely used actuator disk model. The advantage of this model is that it is easy to use and inex- pensive in terms of computation time required. In addition, it also produces acceptable results. In this study, a new regionalized actuator disk model was utilized in the analysis of propeller slipstream interference effects on a real four-propeller aircraft. The results are compared with the cases of inactive actuator disks, which shows that the propeller slipstream causes an increase in the lift and drag coefficients. An evident yawing effect caused by the rotating slipstream was noticed, which should be taken into account in the design phase. The regionalized actuator disk model is evaluated as a fast and relatively accurate model for propeller preliminary design.