Many clinical studies have addressed the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage using acupuncture. However, few studies have examined the relationship between time of acupuncture and curative effect on cerebral hemorr...Many clinical studies have addressed the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage using acupuncture. However, few studies have examined the relationship between time of acupuncture and curative effect on cerebral hemorrhage. By observing the effect of acupuncture on changes in histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in a cerebral hemorrhage model of rats, we have directly examined the time-effect relationship of acupuncture. The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was produced by slowly injecting autologous blood to the right caudate nucleus. The experimental groups were: 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour model groups; and 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour acupuncture groups. The sham-operation group was used for comparison. Acupuncture was performed at the Neiguan(PC6) and Renzhong(DU26) acupoints, twice a day, 6 hours apart, for 5 consecutive days. Brain tissue changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuroethology was assessed using Bederson and Longa scores. Our results show that compared with the sham-operation and model groups, Bederson and Longa scores were lower in each acupuncture group, with visibly improved histopathology and brain tissue ultrastructure. Further, the results were better in the 3-and 9-hour acupuncture groups than the 24-and 48-hour acupuncture groups. Our findings show that acupuncture treatment can relieve pathological and ultrastructural deterioration and neurological impairment caused by the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, and may protect brain tissue during this period. In addition, earlier acupuncture intervention following cerebral hemorrhage(by 3 or 9 hours) is associated with a better treatment outcome.展开更多
When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Chris...When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Christians believe that the dead go directly to Heaven to be with the Lord. But in Roman Catholicism, purgatory is considered as the place where most dead believers expiate their remaining sins before entering the visible presence of God. This doctrine has been criticized extensively both by Catholics and Evangelicals in spite of its massive defence by the Holy office. Several alternative views about the resurrection of the dead have been propounded by some twentieth-century Protestants and some notable Catholic theologians. Although the doctrine of purgatory has been approved and reaffirmed by several Church councils, the questions that still remain are： Is the doctrine of purgatory biblically justifiable？ Does the work of salvation extend beyond the grave？ This study attempts to find answers to these questions. The study therefore surveys the doctrine of purgatory in the light of the biblical teachings about death. The second section surveys the background to the doctrine with reference to Judaism, the Apocrypha, the New Testament, the Church Fathers, and Church Councils. The third section looks at the nature of purgatory, the duration and the nature of the punishment meted out to those who go to purgatory and how souls are released from purgatory. The fourth section also examines the biblical teaching on death. The study concludes that the doctrine of purgatory is based on tradition rather than the Bible. The Bible emphasizes the finality of one＇s destiny in this life rather than after this life.展开更多
Though a bit strange to Chinese readers, Margaret Drabble is well known in Britain literature field. Her novels mainly reflect the life of middle class woman intellectual. And The Waterfall （1967） is in the book lis...Though a bit strange to Chinese readers, Margaret Drabble is well known in Britain literature field. Her novels mainly reflect the life of middle class woman intellectual. And The Waterfall （1967） is in the book list that must be read by English majors. This paper mainly analyzes the narrative characteristics of Margaret Drabble＇s famous novel The Waterfall from three aspects ofnarratology, narrative temporality, focalization, and narrating voice. The Waterfall is unique in writing style： It has no chapters, and each part is divided by asterisk, what is more, ＂I＂ and ＂she＂ appear alternatively. It consists of two alternatively appeared plotlines, one is the line of story, the other is the line of psychology. In the line of story, traditional narrative techniques are usually used, whereas in the line of psychology, new narrative techniques are often found. All these show that the author is trying to adopt new writing form, while at the same time she cannot completely give up the old ones. Therefore, this novel appears half-old and half-new characteristics in narrative characteristics.展开更多
Against the backdrop of Chinese culture, this paper offers a localized explanation of the Western concept of ＂archetypal criticism.＂ It proposes that four ＂thematic archetypes＂ can be observed in the relations bet...Against the backdrop of Chinese culture, this paper offers a localized explanation of the Western concept of ＂archetypal criticism.＂ It proposes that four ＂thematic archetypes＂ can be observed in the relations between folklore, legends and the novel in the new era （since reform and opening up） in China. The first is the coexistence of man and nature; the second, enduring suffering and realizing one＇s poterltial; the third, discontent with reality expressed in writing about imaginary worlds; and the last, criticism of the materialistic personality which places material gain above justice and lusts after gain. The presentation, dynamics of change, practical and cultural meanings and aesthetic values of these ＂thematic archetypes＂ in the novels of the new era reveal writers＇ reflections on ＂modernity＂ and the awakening of aesthetic consciousness in relation to their own land. This paper also argues that the world outlook that pursues harmony between man and nature, the view of life that prefers justice to material gain, and the values that affirm morality, life and human dignity contained in traditional Chinese folk culture and literature may supply us with important spiritual resources for responding to contemporary life, rebuilding the poetry of life and raising the quality of culture.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Tianjin Science and Technology Commission,China,No.05YFSZSF02600(to PL)
文摘Many clinical studies have addressed the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage using acupuncture. However, few studies have examined the relationship between time of acupuncture and curative effect on cerebral hemorrhage. By observing the effect of acupuncture on changes in histopathology, ultrastructure, and neuroethology in a cerebral hemorrhage model of rats, we have directly examined the time-effect relationship of acupuncture. The rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was produced by slowly injecting autologous blood to the right caudate nucleus. The experimental groups were: 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour model groups; and 3-, 9-, 24-, and 48-hour acupuncture groups. The sham-operation group was used for comparison. Acupuncture was performed at the Neiguan(PC6) and Renzhong(DU26) acupoints, twice a day, 6 hours apart, for 5 consecutive days. Brain tissue changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Neuroethology was assessed using Bederson and Longa scores. Our results show that compared with the sham-operation and model groups, Bederson and Longa scores were lower in each acupuncture group, with visibly improved histopathology and brain tissue ultrastructure. Further, the results were better in the 3-and 9-hour acupuncture groups than the 24-and 48-hour acupuncture groups. Our findings show that acupuncture treatment can relieve pathological and ultrastructural deterioration and neurological impairment caused by the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, and may protect brain tissue during this period. In addition, earlier acupuncture intervention following cerebral hemorrhage(by 3 or 9 hours) is associated with a better treatment outcome.
文摘When it comes to the afterlife, Seventh-day Adventists advocate ＂soul sleep＂ condition, in which the dead person is in some sort of suspended state until the final judgment. On the other hand, many Evangelical Christians believe that the dead go directly to Heaven to be with the Lord. But in Roman Catholicism, purgatory is considered as the place where most dead believers expiate their remaining sins before entering the visible presence of God. This doctrine has been criticized extensively both by Catholics and Evangelicals in spite of its massive defence by the Holy office. Several alternative views about the resurrection of the dead have been propounded by some twentieth-century Protestants and some notable Catholic theologians. Although the doctrine of purgatory has been approved and reaffirmed by several Church councils, the questions that still remain are： Is the doctrine of purgatory biblically justifiable？ Does the work of salvation extend beyond the grave？ This study attempts to find answers to these questions. The study therefore surveys the doctrine of purgatory in the light of the biblical teachings about death. The second section surveys the background to the doctrine with reference to Judaism, the Apocrypha, the New Testament, the Church Fathers, and Church Councils. The third section looks at the nature of purgatory, the duration and the nature of the punishment meted out to those who go to purgatory and how souls are released from purgatory. The fourth section also examines the biblical teaching on death. The study concludes that the doctrine of purgatory is based on tradition rather than the Bible. The Bible emphasizes the finality of one＇s destiny in this life rather than after this life.
文摘Though a bit strange to Chinese readers, Margaret Drabble is well known in Britain literature field. Her novels mainly reflect the life of middle class woman intellectual. And The Waterfall （1967） is in the book list that must be read by English majors. This paper mainly analyzes the narrative characteristics of Margaret Drabble＇s famous novel The Waterfall from three aspects ofnarratology, narrative temporality, focalization, and narrating voice. The Waterfall is unique in writing style： It has no chapters, and each part is divided by asterisk, what is more, ＂I＂ and ＂she＂ appear alternatively. It consists of two alternatively appeared plotlines, one is the line of story, the other is the line of psychology. In the line of story, traditional narrative techniques are usually used, whereas in the line of psychology, new narrative techniques are often found. All these show that the author is trying to adopt new writing form, while at the same time she cannot completely give up the old ones. Therefore, this novel appears half-old and half-new characteristics in narrative characteristics.
文摘Against the backdrop of Chinese culture, this paper offers a localized explanation of the Western concept of ＂archetypal criticism.＂ It proposes that four ＂thematic archetypes＂ can be observed in the relations between folklore, legends and the novel in the new era （since reform and opening up） in China. The first is the coexistence of man and nature; the second, enduring suffering and realizing one＇s poterltial; the third, discontent with reality expressed in writing about imaginary worlds; and the last, criticism of the materialistic personality which places material gain above justice and lusts after gain. The presentation, dynamics of change, practical and cultural meanings and aesthetic values of these ＂thematic archetypes＂ in the novels of the new era reveal writers＇ reflections on ＂modernity＂ and the awakening of aesthetic consciousness in relation to their own land. This paper also argues that the world outlook that pursues harmony between man and nature, the view of life that prefers justice to material gain, and the values that affirm morality, life and human dignity contained in traditional Chinese folk culture and literature may supply us with important spiritual resources for responding to contemporary life, rebuilding the poetry of life and raising the quality of culture.
