激光诱导等离子体中Al原子共振双线时-空演化的实验研究

通过测定激光诱导等离子体中Ａｌ原子共振双线３９６．１５ｎｍ和３９４．４０ｎｍ强度的时－空演化特性，对激光诱导等离子体中共振双线的演化规律及其机理进行了讨论。使用的气体是空气，气压为１０１ｋＰａ。

30 MeV/u^(40)Ar+^(nat)Ag反应中类弹碎片发射的时-空演化

报道了 ３０ＭｅＶ／ ｕ(４０)Ａｒ＋(ｎａｔ)Ａｇ反应中中等质量碎片（ＩＭＦ）发射时间（τ）随发射源空间大小的演化规律，并对类弹碎片的发射时空进行了讨论．结果表明，ＩＭＦ的发射时标与中等质量碎片关联函数以及发射源的核物质密度（ρ）有关，而与发射源的质量数的关系不大．对于能量较高的类弹碎片来说，在较小的核物质密度下提取的发射时间也较小，因此，在正常核物质密度参数下提取出的发射时间值可作为碎片实际发射时间的上限值．中速碎片的发射时间随密度大小的变化非常缓慢，提取出的发射时间值即可作为实际的发射时间。

综放面覆岩运动“时-空-强”演化规律分析

综放面覆岩运动是制约安全开采的关键问题之一。以新疆大南湖一矿1303综放工作面开采为工程背景,基于对工作面覆岩运动"横三区"与"竖三带"经典理论的理解,将区块链式演化思想应用于综放覆岩运动数值模型构建与链式演化过程精细计算,构建开采扰动区覆岩物理与数值计算模型,并将其植入三维有限差分计算FLAC^(3D)程序,揭示综放面覆岩运动"时间-空间-强度"链式演化与失稳破坏规律。结果表明:大南湖一矿综放面覆岩垮落带与裂隙带分别约为16.8 m与115 m.具有承载性的岩层受到外力破坏,均会出现应力集中;岩层垮落根据承载层和开挖尺寸不同,出现"分离-协同"运动现象,应力呈现"集中-分离-集中"规律,重合后的应力演化集中,造成工作面强矿压作用,这对现场安全开采提供了科学指导作用。

煤矿地下水库储水空间构成分析及计算方法

针对西部近水平煤层煤矿地下水库有效储水空间难以确定的问题,提出了利用地下水库上覆各分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹方程计算各分带岩层冒落前后的体积差,从而确定煤矿地下水库不同分带内岩层的有效储水空间,解决了现有煤矿地下水库储水系数难以确定,导致地下水库储水空间计算困难的问题。基于工作面上覆岩层断裂分带划分结果,确定煤矿地下水库的主要储水空间为垮落带与块体铰接带垮落岩层的空隙、裂隙与离层空间,得出了近水平煤层垮落带与块体铰接带有效储水空间的计算表达式。基于结构力学与断裂力学理论,分析了垮落带分界岩层可能形成的3种不同结构形式,推导了砌体梁结构、台阶岩梁结构及完全垮落情况下工作面上覆垮落带、块体铰接带分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹方程,得出了上覆不同岩层结构煤矿地下水库的有效储水空间理论计算表达式。以大柳塔煤矿近水平煤层煤矿地下水库工程实践为依托,采用UDEC数值模拟计算方法分析了工作面上覆岩层的断裂结构,研究得出了地下水库上覆各分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹曲线,发现地下水库四周边界位置较中间位置的垂直位移量小,即四周边界位置具有更大的储水空间。采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对各分界岩层的垂直位移曲线进行了拟合分析,得出了煤矿地下水库的有效储水空间。基于不同计算时步上覆岩层垂直位移曲线的差异,分析了煤矿地下水库储水空间的时空演化规律。通过在大柳塔煤矿进行现场抽放水试验,验证了上述煤矿地下水库有效储水空间计算方法的可行性及计算结果的可靠性。

基于链路效用的3D-VANET可靠路由算法

针对三维车载自组织网络中,高速移动的车辆节点和复杂多变的链路状态导致车辆间通信链路不稳定的问题,通过引入软件定义网络技术实时获取网络状态并预测其变化过程,构建时-空演化图模型,并定义链路效用指标量化无线链路性能,然后建立基于链路效用的加权时-空演化图模型,最后将路由问题转化为多属性决策问题,设计基于链路效用的可靠路由算法.仿真结果表明,相对现有四种路由算法,本文所提路由算法在数据包传输率、端到端时延和路由负载率方面,性能均有明显提升.

Experimental investigation on failure process and spatio-temporal evolution of rockburst in granite with a prefabricated circular hole

To study the mechanism of rockburst and its spatio-temporal evolution criterion,a rockburst simulation experiment was performed on granite specimens,each with a prefabricated circular hole,under different lateral loads.Using micro camera,acoustic emission(AE)system,and infrared thermal imager,the AE characteristics and thermal radiation temperature migration were studied during the rockburst process.Then,the failure mode and damage evolution of the surrounding rock were analyzed.The results demonstrate that increasing the lateral load can first increase and then reduce the bearing capacity of the hole.In this experiment,the hole failure process could be divided into four periods:quiet,particle ejection,stability failure and collapse.Correspondingly,the AE signals evolved from a calm stage,to have intermittent appearance;then,they were continuous with a sudden increase,and finally increased dramatically.The failure of the surrounding rock was mainly tensile failure,while shear failure tended to first increase and then decrease.Meanwhile,damage to the hole increased gradually during the particle ejection period,whereas damage to the rockburst mainly occurred in the stability failure period.The thermal radiation temperature migration exhibited warming in shallow parts,inward expansion,cooling in the shallow parts with free surface heating,inward expansion,a sudden rise in temperature of the rockburst pits,and finally specimen failure.The initial reinforcement support should fully contribute to surface support.Furthermore,an appropriate tensile capacity and good energy absorption capacity should be established in support systems for high-stress roadways.

Failure precursor of surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel in high-steep rock slope

The stability of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel in the right bank slope of Dagangshan hydropower station, in the southwestern China, was analyzed by microseismic monitoring as well as numerical simulations. The realistic failure process analysis code （abbreviated as RFPA3D） was employed to reproduce the initiation, propagation, coalescence and interactions of micro-fractures, the evolution of associated stress fields and acoustic emission （AE） activities during the whole failure processes of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel. Combined with microseismic activities by microseismic monitoring on the fight bank slope, the spatial-temporal evolution and the micro-fracture precursor characteristics during the complete process of progressive failure of the surrounding rock mass around cross tunnel were discussed and the energy release law of the surrounding rock mass around the cross tunnel was obtained. The result shows that the precursor characteristic of microfractures occurring in rock mass is an effective approach to early warn catastrophic damage of rock mass around cross tunnel. Moreover, the heterogeneity of rock mass is the source and internal cause of the failure precursor of rock mass.

Spatial-temporal Evolution Pattern of Agricultural Productivity in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau

Currently, the agricultural growth in developed countries mainly relies on the improvement of productivity, which is also the target for China. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to describe the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of agricultural productivity, to reveal changes in total factor productivity in 2ooo-2olo, and analyze the impact of these changes in northwestern Sichuan plateau, China. Using data envelopment analysis （DEA） and the Malmquist Index, an in-depth study was conducted on agricultural productivity and changes in total factor productivity of 31 counties in northwestern Sichuan plateau. Results indicated that： （1） geographically, counties with optimal efficiency were mainly located in the north of northwestern Sichuan plateau and those with the lowest efficiency, in the south; （2） relative to pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency was the dominant factor in determining agricultural productivity; （3） the redundancy rate of input factors in zolo was slightly lower than that in zooo, thereby indicating an improved utilization of input factors to a certain extent and a great potential for further improving such utilization; （4） during the 2ooo-2olo period, the agricultural total factor productivity had an average annual growth rate of 8.3%, but the growth rates in various regions differed widely; （5） technical progress was the dominant factor promoting the improvement of total factor oroductivitv inagriculture. The disparities in spatial distribution may be due to the differences of natural conditions, former level agricultural productivity between counties. The findings are valuable for the government to make sustainable development policies for agriculture and improving agricultural development in northwestern Sichuan plateau.

Spatiotemporal evolution of high-aspect-ratio filamentary trace in sapphire of picosecond pulse burst-mode for laser lift-off

The influence of the picosecond(ps) pulsed burst with a nanosecond scale of temporal separation(50 ns) on filamentary traces in sapphire substrate is investigated. The spatiotemporal evolution of the filamentary plasma string induced by sub-pulses of the burst-mode is revealed according to the analysis of the instantaneous photoluminescence images. Due to the presence of residual plasma, the energy loss of sub-pulse during the balancing of self-focusing effect is reduced, and thus refreshes the plasma via refocusing. The refreshed plasma peak generated by the subsequent subpulse appears at relatively low density positions in the formed filamentary plasma string, which results in more uniform densities and less spatial overlap among the plasma peaks. The continuity and uniformity of the filamentary trace in sapphire are enhanced by the burst-mode. Besides, the burst filamentary propagation can also remain effective when the sub-pulse energy is below the self-focusing threshold. Based on this uniform and precise energy propagation mode, the feasibility of its use for the laser lift-off(LLO) process is verified.

Total Quantum Statistical Entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom Black Holes： in Dirac Field Case

The total quantum statistical entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes inDirac field case is evaluated in this article. The space-time of the black holes is divided intothree regions: region 1 (r 】 r_o), region 2 (r_o 】 r 】 r_i), and region 3 (r_i 】 r 】 0), where r_ois the radius of the outer event horizon, and Ti is the radius of the inner event horizon. The totalquantum statistical entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes is S = S_1 + S_2 + S_3, where S_i (i= 1,2,3) is the entropy, contributed by regions 1,2,3. The detailed calculation shows that S_2 isneglectfully small. S_1 = w_t(π~2/45)k_b(A_o/ε~2β~3), S_3 = -w_t(π~2/45)k_b(A_i/ε~2β~3), whereA_o and A_i are, respectively, the areas of the outer and inner event horizons, w_t = 2~s[1 -2~(-(s+1))], s = d/2, d is the space-time dimension, here d = 4, s = 2. As r_i approaches r_o in theextreme case the total quantum statistical entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes approacheszero.

The Spatio-temporal Evolution and Effect Factors of Cultivated Land Fragmentation in Jiangsu,China

Based on the land use change data obtained from the interpretation of remote sensing images in 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2008, the research applied principal component analysis, Markov chain and ESDA method, and took cultivated land patch as the basic unit of landscape. A comprehensive measure of the fragmentation of cultivated land was made in Jiangsu counties and its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and driving process from the perspective of landscape ecology were discussed. The results are as follows:(1)The overall fragmentation of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province presents that the eastern coastal areas are low, the interior of the west is high, the fragmentation of northern and southern Jiangsu is high, while the fragmentation of mid-Jiangsu is low.(2)The degree of fragmentation of cultivated land in most area of southern Jiangsu and midJiangsu showed an upward trend, while the fragmentation of cultivated land in northern Jiangsu showed a downward trend from 1985 to 2008. The degree of agglomeration of cultivated land is weakened continuously, the area of high value agglomeration is decreasing and the trend of "polarization" is weakening.(3) Topographic condition is the decisive factor for the formation of the difference pattern. The change of rural residential land, cultivated land and the scale of urban land use plays a role on the cultivated land fragmentation index, among them, the change of rural residential land scale has the most significant effect on cultivated land fragmentation.

东天山晚古生代内生金属矿床成矿系列和成矿规律

东天山造山带是我国重要的金铜矿产富集区之一 ,通过初步研究 ,按照成矿系列的学术思想将区内金属矿床划分为 6个矿床成矿亚系列 ,并对每个成矿亚系列形成的构造环境和主要地质作用进行了简要论述 ,进而探讨了该地区区域成矿规律与构造演化的关系 ,总结了该地区构造活动的时—空演化导致该地区独具特色的内生金属矿床侧向分带现象。

阿尔泰晚古生代内生金属矿床成矿系列和成矿规律

阿尔泰是中国重要的贵重、有色和稀有金属矿产富集区之一,通过初步研究,按照成矿系列的学术思想将区内金属矿床划分为4个矿床成矿亚系列,并对每个成矿亚系列形成的构造环境和主要地质作用进行了简要论述,进而探讨了该地区区域成矿规律与构造演化的关系,总结了该地区构造活动的时-空演化导致该地区独具特色的内生金属矿床侧向分带现象。

Experimental studies on pillar failure characteristics based on acoustic emission location technique

Acoustic emission （AE） technique is a useful tool for investigating rock damage mechanism, and is used to study the temporal-spatial evolution process of microcracks during the similar pillar material experiment. A combined AE location algorithm was developed based on the Least square algorithm and Geiger location algorithm. The pencil break test results show that the location precision can meet the demand of microcrack monitoring. The 3D location of AE events can directly reflect the process of initiation, propagation and evolutionary of microcracks. During the loading process, stress is much likely concentrated on the area between pillar and roof of the specimen, where belongs to danger zone of macroscopic failure. When rock reaches its plastic deformation stage, AE events begin to decrease, which indicates that AE quiet period can be seen as precursor characteristic of rock failure.

Vertical structure and evolution of the Luzon Warm Eddy

Eddies are frequently observed in the northeastern South China Sea （SCS）. However, there have been few studies on vertical structure and temporal-spatial evolution of these eddies. We analyzed the seasonal Luzon Warm Eddy （LWE） based on Argo float data and the merged data products of satellite altimeters of Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1 and European Research Satellites. The analysis shows that the LWE extends vertically to more than 500 m water depth, with a higher temperature anomaly of 5℃ and lower salinity anomaly of 0.5 near the thermocline. The current speeds of the LWE are stronger in its uppermost 200 m, with a maximum speed of 0.6 m/s. Sometimes the LWE incorporates mixed waters from the Kuroshio Current and the SCS, and thus has higher thermohaline characteristics than local marine waters. Time series of eddy kinematic parameters show that the radii and shape of the LWE vary during propagation, and its eddy kinetic energy follows a normal distribution. In addition, we used the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） here to analyze seasonal characteristics of the LWE. The results suggest that the LWE generally forms in July, intensifies in August and September, separates from the coast of Luzon in October and propagates westward, and weakens in December and disappears in February. The LWE＇s westward migration is approximately along 19°N latitude from northwest of Luzon to southeast of Hainan, with a mean speed of 6.6 cm/s.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Land Uses in Modern Urbanization of China

Taking social statistic data as basic data,this paper extended the meaning of urban land uses,highlighted the meaning of urban land uses in modern urbanization,which includes direct,indirect and induced land uses,quantitatively simulated the indirect and induced land uses by the substitution method of agricultural consumption and urban carbon emission and then,analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban land uses in China during 1952–2005 by spatial analysis tool of Geographic Information System. The results indicate that the area of urban land use in China had been increasing since 1952,showing an inversed pyramid structure,i.e.,the direct<the indirect<the induced. Specifically,Chinese urban land use has changed from concentrated distribution in Northwest China to balanced spatial distribution,and the eastern coastal area is under great pressure. Moreover,the northeastern region has moved into the induced dominant stage,while the western region remains at the indirect dominant stage. Finally,it is proposed that in order to guarantee the future demand of urban land use in China,ensuring the induced land use in the eastern region should be taken as a priority goal of Chinese developing policy.

Fracture evolution and localization effect of damage in rock based on wave velocity imaging technology

By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology,the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture.Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emissions(AE),joint response characteristics of the velocity field and AE during rock fracture were analyzed.Moreover,the localization effect of damage during rock fracture was explored by applying wave velocity imagings.The experimental result showed that the wave velocity imagings enable three-dimensional(3-D)visualization of the extent and spatial position of damage to the rock.A damaged zone has a low wave velocity and a zone where the low wave velocity is concentrated tends to correspond to a severely damaged zone.AE parameters and wave velocity imagings depict the changes in activity of cracks during rock fracture from temporal and spatial perspectives,respectively:the activity of cracks is strengthened,and the rate of AE events increases during rock fracture;correspondingly,the low-velocity zones are gradually aggregated and their area gradually increases.From the wave velocity imagings,the damaged zones in rock were divided into an initially damaged zone,a progressively damaged zone,and a fractured zone.During rock fracture,the progressively damaged zone and the fractured zone both develop around the initially damaged zone,showing a typical localization effect of the damage.By capturing the spatial development trends of the progressively damaged zone and fractured zone in wave velocity imagings,the development of microfractures can be predicted,exerting practical significance for determining the position of the main fracture.

Coherently Controlled Periodic Entanglement of Two Moving Atoms in a Cavity

We analyze the entanglement of two atoms in a cavity. The evolvement of entanglement of two atoms is disorderly when two atoms in the cavity are fixed at initial time. However, the evolvement of entanglement of two atoms becomes well-regulated orderly under the coherent cavity field when atoms are in motion at beginning. We find that it is possible to control this periodic entanglement by properly choosing the velocity of atoms, and the initial state of the field.

The Effect of Defects on the Mobility of HEMT Transistors Based on AIGaN/GaN

A phenomenological low-filed mobility model is developed to describe the dependence ot the carrier molgmty on me gate to source bias applied for AIGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor. The results show excellent agreement with experimental data, when compared thereby proving the validity of the model. In the proposed work the temporal evolution of the mobility degradation shows a sharp decline in emission rates below 456 s-1. We also note a sharp decline for large defects densities.

Object Picture of Electromagnetic Quasinormal Ringing for a Stringy Black Hole

We investigate the evolution of an electromagnetic field in the spacetime of a stringy black hole.The objectpicture of the quasinormal ringing has been obtained by the finite difference method.Compared with a Schwarzschildblack hole,the results show that the electromagnetic field damps more slowly for a stringy black hole.