Greenhouse whitefly （GHWF）, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood） is a very important pest of greenhouse plants, but its resistance to pesticides has rendered it difficult to control by chemical methods in recent y...Greenhouse whitefly （GHWF）, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood） is a very important pest of greenhouse plants, but its resistance to pesticides has rendered it difficult to control by chemical methods in recent years. Sterile insect technique （SIT） is a biological control method which has been used in Area Wide Integrated Pest Management （AWIPM）. This study conducted the possibility of sterilising GHWF adults by gamma radiations emitted from cobalt 60. Longevity of the adults, and the amount of egg laying and sterilisation of eggs were determined under the influence of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 Gy doses under controlled conditions （65 ± 5% RH, 25 ± 2 ℃, L/D = 16/8）. Normal insects were considered as control （0 dose）. The best combination for mating of normal and sterile adults （normal male × normal female as control, normal male and irradiated female, irradiated male × normal female, and irradiated male × irradiated female） was studied using a factorial design （n = 4）. Results showed that the best irradiating doses were 70 and 80 Gy for females and males respectively. Longevity of irradiated males and females was not significantly different from that of non-irradiated specimens. The best mating model was irradiated males and females.展开更多
The genus Roscoea is an alpine ginger group endemic to the Himalayan regions.It exhibits the suites of floral traits that would fit pollination by long tongued insects.However,previous studies revealed that the origin...The genus Roscoea is an alpine ginger group endemic to the Himalayan regions.It exhibits the suites of floral traits that would fit pollination by long tongued insects.However,previous studies revealed that the original long-tongued insect pollinators of Roscoea have been lost from North Indochina due to recent climate change in the Chinese Himalayas.展开更多
Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interac- tions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the co...Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interac- tions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summa- rize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also con- sider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to wanning, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating in- sects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service .展开更多
文摘Greenhouse whitefly （GHWF）, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood） is a very important pest of greenhouse plants, but its resistance to pesticides has rendered it difficult to control by chemical methods in recent years. Sterile insect technique （SIT） is a biological control method which has been used in Area Wide Integrated Pest Management （AWIPM）. This study conducted the possibility of sterilising GHWF adults by gamma radiations emitted from cobalt 60. Longevity of the adults, and the amount of egg laying and sterilisation of eggs were determined under the influence of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 Gy doses under controlled conditions （65 ± 5% RH, 25 ± 2 ℃, L/D = 16/8）. Normal insects were considered as control （0 dose）. The best combination for mating of normal and sterile adults （normal male × normal female as control, normal male and irradiated female, irradiated male × normal female, and irradiated male × irradiated female） was studied using a factorial design （n = 4）. Results showed that the best irradiating doses were 70 and 80 Gy for females and males respectively. Longevity of irradiated males and females was not significantly different from that of non-irradiated specimens. The best mating model was irradiated males and females.
文摘The genus Roscoea is an alpine ginger group endemic to the Himalayan regions.It exhibits the suites of floral traits that would fit pollination by long tongued insects.However,previous studies revealed that the original long-tongued insect pollinators of Roscoea have been lost from North Indochina due to recent climate change in the Chinese Himalayas.
文摘Growing concern about the influence of climate change on flowering plants, pollinators, and the mutualistic interac- tions between them has led to a recent surge in research. Much of this research has addressed the consequences of warming for phenological and distributional shifts. In contrast, relatively little is known about the physiological responses of plants and insect pollinators to climate warming and, in particular, how these responses might affect plant-pollinator interactions. Here, we summa- rize the direct physiological effects of temperature on flowering plants and pollinating insects to highlight ways in which plant and pollinator responses could affect floral resources for pollinators, and pollination success for plants, respectively. We also con- sider the overall effects of these responses on plant-pollinator interaction networks. Plant responses to wanning, which include altered flower, nectar, and pollen production, could modify floral resource availability and reproductive output of pollinating in- sects. Similarly, pollinator responses, such as altered foraging activity, body size, and life span, could affect patterns of pollen flow and pollination success of flowering plants. As a result, network structure could be altered as interactions are gained and lost, weakened and strengthened, even without the gain or loss of species or temporal overlap. Future research that addresses not only how plant and pollinator physiology are affected by warming but also how responses scale up to affect interactions and networks should allow us to better understand and predict the effects of climate change on this important ecosystem service .
