标准及波前像差引导LASIK手术前后明暗环境下对比敏感度变化

目的比较标准LASIK和波前像差引导LASIK手术前后在明、暗环境下对比敏感度变化。方法选取接受标准LASIK或波前像差引导LASIK的中高度近视患者各30例,行明环境下和暗环境下对比敏感度检查,观察2组对比敏感度的变化。结果明环境下对比敏感度,术前2组在各个空间频率下无差异(P>0.05),术后波前组各个空间频率下对比敏感度均显著高于标准组(P<0.05);在有眩光干扰情况时1.0deg、0.7deg空间频率下波前组术后对比敏感度增加幅度分别为0.2004±0.3771、0.1639±0.3151,显著大于标准组(0.0584±0.2951、0.0560±0.2348)(P<0.05)。暗环境下对比敏感度,术后波前组各等级通过率均大于标准组,但仅在有眩光时差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,明环境对比敏感度有眩光情况下,波前组均显著超过术前水平(P<0.05);标准组在6.3deg(1.7518±0.2072)、4.0deg(1.7235±0.1901)、2.5deg(1.5680±0.3009)、1.6deg空间频下显著超过术前水平,在1.0deg、0.7deg空间频率下高于术前水平,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月,明环境对比敏感度在无眩光情况下,2组对比敏感度均未恢复至术前水平,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论波前像差引导的LASIK手术视觉质量优于标准LASIK。

孙慎行《玄晏斋困思钞》的文本问题与晚明政治环境

孙慎行是晚明著名的士大夫,曾亲身经历明末党争与三大案,而他的儒学成就也被黄宗羲称赞为"东林之学,泾阳导其源,景逸始入细,至先生而集其成矣。"《玄晏斋困思钞》是孙慎行多年文钞的汇编。该书根据儒家四书经典的意旨表达了作者对明代经学的思考甚至是对晚明社会政治情况的反思与总结,是一部发挥意见的经部四书类书籍。本文从《困思钞》的文本问题出发,利用书中所收条目的时间序列,反映孙慎行在晚明政治环境中思想的变化及其对世态变迁的认识。

不同明暗环境对延迟折扣的影响–情绪的中介作用

目的:探究明暗环境下延迟时间对延迟折扣的影响。方法:采用实验法,通过控制8盏40 w的灯管操控明暗程度,诱发被试的情绪变化;采用《正性负性情绪自评量表》测量被试的情绪诱发程度;使用E-prime软件编程,通过电脑控制软件进行延迟折扣实验,提供不同延迟时间条件下不同延迟奖赏的选择,考查被试在延迟奖赏任务中的主观相等点。结果:延迟的时间主效应显著,延迟时间与明暗条件交互作用显著。结论:在明亮环境中,被试会诱发正性情绪,选择延迟的较高的奖励;相反,在昏暗环境下,被试会诱发负性情绪,选择即时的较低的奖励。

明示/推理对英语阅读教学的启示

按照Sperber＆Wilson的交际观,阅读也是一种交际过程.说话者就是作者,听话者就是读者.阅读的过程则是作者的明示、读者的推理过程;读者推理的基础在于作者的编码;作者明示的目的在于读者付出最小心力,获取最佳语境效果.同时,明示/推理交际能否获得成功有赖于作者、读者认知环境的互明.本文依据明示/推理的这些观点,探讨其对英语阅读教学带来的启示.

关联理论与英语阅读教学

按照Sperber&Wilson的交际观,阅读也是一种交际过程。是作者通过编码将信息输入,读者通过解码将信息输出,并接受的过程;是作者的明示、读者的推理过程;是作者达到最佳语境效果,读者付出最小心力的过程;是作者与读者获取共同的认知环境的过程等。依据关联理论的这些观点,探讨其对英语阅读教学带来的启示。

Natural Resources Balance Sheet:Chinese Characteristics and International Practices

This paper examines the explorations and practices of environmental- economic accounting in the international community, provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the nature and research progress of China＇s natural resources balance sheet, reviews the relevant systems of China＇s natural resources balance sheet and the development of ecological civilization, identifies the issues in the formulation of natural resources balance sheet and makes suggestions for improvement.

Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

Night Vehicle Detection Using Variable Haar-Like Feature

This paper proposes a night-time vehicle detection method using variable Haar-like feature.The specific features of front vehicle cannot be obtained in road image at night-time because of light reflection and ambient light,and it is also difficult to define optimal brightness and color of rear lamp according to road conditions.In comparison,the difference of vehicle region and road surface is more robust for road illumination environment.Thus,we select the candidates of vehicles by analysing the difference,and verify the candidates using those brightness and complexity to detect vehicle correctly.The feature of brightness difference is detected using variable horizontal Haar-like mask according to vehicle size in the location of image.And the region occurring rapid change is selected as the candidate.The proposed method is evaluated by testing on the various real road conditions.

Alunite processing method selection using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches under fuzzy environment

Alunite is the most important non bauxite resource for alumina. Various methods have been proposed and patented for processing alunite, but none has been performed at industrial scale and no technical,operational and economic data is available to evaluate methods. In addition, selecting the right approach for alunite beneficiation, requires introducing a wide range of criteria and careful analysis of alternatives.In this research, after studying the existing processes, 13 methods were considered and evaluated by 14 technical, economic and environmental analyzing criteria. Due to multiplicity of processing methods and attributes, in this paper, Multi Attribute Decision Making methods were employed to examine the appropriateness of choices. The Delphi Analytical Hierarchy Process(DAHP) was used for weighting selection criteria and Fuzzy TOPSIS approach was used to determine the most profitable candidates. Among 13 studied methods, Spanish, Svoronos and Hazan methods were respectively recognized to be the best choices.

Approach to the Legislative Problem of the Recycling Economy in Kunming

This paper takes Kunming as an example, analyzes the reasons and advantages that Kunming badty needs to make local laws and regulations of recycling economy. Initiation and assist of the government and formulation of the corresponding laws and regulations are issues deserved to pay close attention to. Some plain suggestions for the local legislation of recycling economy are put forward.

CLOBAL CHARM OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA

Based on the theory of geo-economy,under the new situation of global economy,information network and China’s entry into WTO,also with the holding of APEC (in 2001) and the International Exposition in the near future,the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta is striding toward the spectacular international multi-polar situation and becomes one of core regions with high-speed development. Facing the ocean and world all along,leading the progressive tides of the age and scintillating the splendor of the nation,she does advance with time. Through a long period of irrigation projects construction and intensive operation of lands in previous agricultural society,the artificial wetland ecosystem with a positive cycle had ever been formed in this region. At present,environmental pollution and urban expansion resulted from post-industrialization are being rectified. The delta will be the paradigm of industrial and agricultural modernization along the sustainable development road. With the rapid development of urbanization,she has been one of the regions with the highest density population and high urbanization level. Taking the Changjiang River estuary and the Hangzhou Bay as two parts,she is continuously strengthening and adjusting her interior structure,expanding mothball space and constructing the oriental modern "logistics center" to link the whole world. The butterfly-style urban system of the Changjiang River Delta is flying,probably engendering earthshaking "butterfly effect".

Geological environment conflicts of Kunming Basin and its urban sustainable development

Kunming Basin locates middle of Yunnan altiplano and has a particularity in geography,topographic and geological environment.With the urban dilation quickly,add the reason of the unreasonable city layout,conflicts between environment and urban resources consumption become shrill increasingly.It is human being activities that lead to vulnerability and depravation of geological environment in local.Take a few examples on geological environment to expatiate relationship between urban construction and geological environment carrying capacity,and find a way how to make a better plan for urban sustainable development to achieve new balance between man and nature in local.

Ocean ecological compensation mechanism in Liaoning area from the angle of ecological civilization——based on analysis of Dalian's cooperative governance

How to speed up the establishment of marine ecological compensation and the ecological compensation system is inevitable choice from ocean country to marine power.Therefore,construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism is the effective means which incentives marine ecosystem services supply,improves the quality of marine ecology,and promotes the ocean to the green transformation.Combined with Dalian maritime case study in Liaoning Province,three dimensional interactive marine ecological compensation mechanism,the compensation frame work,path and operation mechanism were built up.Suggestions on accelerating the legislation process;perfecting the management system;establishing proper system for both incentive constraint and reward-punishment;increasing the source of Ocean Ecological Compensation funds;accelerating On the study of the Ocean Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Liaoning Area from the Angl-e of Ecological Civilization Based on Case Analysis of Dalian.

The Role of the Forest in German Literature： From the Medieval Forest to the Griines Band

This paper demonstrates how much the forest was used by medieval writers as a symbolic space where critical events take place deeply affecting their protagonists. The forest motif can be found in the works of St. Augustine as well as in Dante＇s Divina Commedia （ca. 1308-1321）, and then in a plethora of other texts. Here the author examines more closely the symbolic meaning of the forest as a mysterious, dangerous, yet also spiritual location in Wolfram von Eschenbach＇s Titurel （ca. 1220） and then in two 15th-century prose novels： Thtiring von Ringoltingen＇s Melusine （1456） and the anonymous Fortunatus （1509）. Each time we recognize how much the poets placed their central figures one in the forest where their life takes a major turn. Recognizing this intriguing function of the forest as a metaphor and symbol, we can employ the modern interest in and fascination with the forest as a refuge from the destruction of the natural environment through modem civilization as segue to attract students to the study of medieval literature once again.

Public Awareness and Participation in Canal Environmental Protection： Case Studies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Raising public awareness and participation of the local communities in the environmental protection has become a major objective of sound development programs. In the framework of the canal environmental protection program of Ho Chi Minh City, we had developed 32 public awareness meetings for 14 districts with about 2,726 participants from year 2012 to 2015. The program had been organized in various forms such as training, brochure, leaflet, poster, propaganda gifts, face-to-face discussion, study visits, survey questionnaire. The results of the program can add substantial value to the canal environmental protection program of the city. The information gained through public comments can help identify key issues and solutions for the authorities as district and city levels. It was determined that most important outcomes from the public participation were educating the public, incorporating public values, assumptions and preferences into decision making process.

Discovery, invention and serendipity

This paper attempts to relate serendipity, the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident （Longman Discovery of Contemporary English） with notable discoveries and inventions. It connotes the profound ability of finding out valuable things different from those who have been exploring by spending a lot of time or for years. The author will illustrate as many cases as possible within a given time constraint, so that surrounding environments and situations may be clarified, and such discoveries and inventions may be plausibly accomplished by accident or with rich reasons. These illustrations include historical as well as more recent cases. One of the cases is beyond the scope of our environment on the earth with preconceived notion, while other cases have given great impacts to our politics and also military intelligence. It should be noted that business and technological intelligence are deeply connected with discoveries, inventions and serendipity. In concluding remarks, the essence of serendipity will be summarized and how to side with the serendipity at the most important moment will be examined by viewing time series endeavors of the inventors and those who have devoted much time to discoveries.

The research on the welfare of the China disabled children

The disabled children are a special people; but we pay little attention to them. At the same time, we study the welfare of the disabled children very little. As many problems on the disabled children presented in front of people, their welfare are generally put forward. The proportion of the disabled children＇s welfare is relatively small in the social welfare system of china; paying attention to the disabled children＇s welfare of china; getting to know the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china and establishing the disabled children＇s welfare pattern of china based the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china will be good for the rescue of the disabled children of china. That can give them a hand to make them live in a good living environment. Improving and perfecting the system of the disabled children＇s welfare of china; safeguarding the rights and interest of the disabled children of china; forming a good social atmosphere; building a harmonious society and improve the level of civilization are the benefit of the new system.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpartessay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolutionof the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy isso far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre thatpresents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores theliterature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paperproposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

Research on natural resources and environmental geology for urban sustainable development: a case study of Kunming

There exists synchronous growth in resources consumption and environment pollution in Kunming urbanization in recent years, which has led to the increasing pressure of urban sustainable development. Considering the environmental and social benefits in Kunming's water resources sustainable development, the authors provided a research finding the optimal urban population scale in different stages for urban water supply based on the sustainable development groundwater evaluating theoretical model. Through the research on the availability of construction site as well as the risk in underground space exploitation with the extenics theory method, we get a suitable partition map of land for urban construction and a risky partition map of underground space development. The results show that the appropriate population scale of Kunming will be less than 2.96×106 by 2020, and will reach (4.34--2.96)×106 optimized population scale after 2020 under the condition of economic-socially and environmentally sustainable development. It is significant to optimize urban construction land and use underground space under the condition of land resources sustainability in Kunming.

Participation Study of Tourist Town Community——A Case Study of Kunming Guandu

Town tourism is booming in China, The town＇s physical and human environment have been brought great impact with the influx of tourists. This paper took example of Kunming Guandu town, did research studies on both sides in the core area of the two communities, did survey questionnaire and on-site interviews and used a Likert scale method for data processing and analysis, did analysis of residents participation in tourism situation of Guandu town, tried to find a key impact of the harmonious development of tourism in Guandu town and analyzed, identified the the negative factors, and improved the measures of feasibility in order to improve the Guandu community involvement.